Ileta yeendaba 5856-040
Unyaka we-4 woMjikelo weSabatha we-4
Unyaka wama-25 woMjikelo weJubhile ye-120
Usuku lwe-12 lwenyanga yesihlanu iminyaka engama-10 emva kokudalwa kuka-Adam
Umjikelo weSabatha we-4 emva koMjikelo weJubhile ye-119
Phakathi kweNtlokoma ye-70 ukususela ekubeni uYehova wayalela uMoses ukuba aye kubathabatha abantu bakhe
Umjikelo WeSabatha Wekrele, Indlala, Nendyikitya yokufa

Novemba 28, 2020

IShabbath Shalom kwindlu yasebukhosini kaYehova,

Intlanganiso yeShabbat Zoom

Baninzi abantu abadinga ubudlelane nabahleli ekhaya ngeSabatha kungekho bani bathetha naye okanye baxoxisane naye. Ndifuna ukunikhuthaza nonke ukuba nizibandakanye nathi nge-Shabbat ngo-12:30 PM kuMmandla weXesha laseMpuma, kwaye nimeme nabanye ukuba beze kunye nathi. Ukuba ixesha alilunganga ungamamela imfundiso kunye ne midrash emva kwethu itshaneli ye-youtubel.

Siyathemba ukuba unokumema abo bafuna ukugcina iTorah ukuba beze kunye nathi ngokubetha ikhonkco elingezantsi. Iphantse yafana nomboniso weTorah ofundisa ngobudlelwane bobudlelwane nabantu abavela kwihlabathi liphela bethatha inxaxheba kwaye babelane ngezimvo kunye nokuqonda kwabo.

 ISabatha ye-28 kaNov, 2020, iya kuba yi-1 PM eMpuma.

UJoseph Dumond ukumemela kwintlanganiso yeZoom ecwangcisiweyo.

Umxholo: Igumbi leNtlanganiso likaJoseph Dumond lomntu

Joyina i-Zoom yeNtlanganiso

https://us02web.zoom.us/j/3505855877

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Cofa ngendawo yakho

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Isazisi somhlangano: 350 585 5877

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Amagqabaza entshayelelo.

Kule veki siza kuxoxa ngento ngokuqinisekileyo eza kuba yimpikiswano kakhulu. Kwaye phantse wonke umntu unoluvo oluqinileyo malunga nalo.

Kuluntu lwethu namhlanje, ukuba uyahluka kwiimbono zakho abanye abantu bazama ukukuvalela okanye bakubangele ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumsebenzi wakho. Inkululeko yokuthetha ayikho. Ukuba nembono eyahlukileyo kunesihlwele kuyingozi. Kodwa ukuhamba nehlokondiba kukwayingozi.

Khona ithini indima yam kulento. Iyintoni indima ye-sightedmoon.com kule meko yokuqhuma esiya kuthi ngoku singene kuyo.

Siye safuna ukwabelana nabanye ngenyaniso ukususela oko saqalisa uhambo lwethu. Siye saxhathisa imbono yesininzi amaxesha amaninzi ukuze sibonise inyaniso kwaye iye yasixabisa njengoko bendichazile kwiveki ephelileyo.

Kule ntlakohlaza ndibhale amanqaku amaninzi achasene nemfundiso nentlebendwane, kunye neLashon Hara, ukunyelisa abanye abantu, ukunyelisa abanye abantu. Iqela labazalwana bethu lacaphuka laza lahamba sightedmoon.com. Abanye abazange babuye. Baqhubeka becinga ukuba benza umsebenzi kaYehova ngokwabelana ngezinto ezinjalo.

Sisemnyango kanye wokubuya kukaMesiya wethu nesiphelo seli hlabathi. Abo uyiqondayo imijikelo yeJubilee bayayazi le nto. Ndifuna nonke niqwalasele oko uYehshua akutshoyo kuLuka. Oku kwenzeka kanye emva kokuba ebaxelele ngomfazi nomgwebi ongalungisiyo.

Luka 18:6Ithe ke iNkosi, Kuveni okuthethwa ngumgwebi ongalungisiyo.

Luka 18:7Ke yena uThixo akayi kukha abalungise na abanyulwa bakhe, abakhala kuye imini nobusuku, noko azeka kade umsindo ngabo?

Luka 18:8Ndithi kuni, Uya kubalungisa, abakhulule kamsinya. Noko ke akufika uNyana woMntu, wolufumana na ke ukholo ehlabathini apha?

Luka 18:9Ke kaloku wathetha lo mzekeliso kwabathile ababekholose ngeziqu zabo, ukuba bangamalungisa, bebadela abanye;

Luka 18:10Amadoda amabini enyuka aya etempileni, esiya kuthandaza; omnye engumFarisi, omnye engumbuthi werhafu.

Luka 18:11UmFarisi, ezimise yedwa, wayethandaza esithi, Thixo, ndiyabulela kuwe, ukuba ndingenjengabanye abantu are, abaphangi, abangemalungisa, abakrexezi, kwanjengalo mbuthi werhafu.

Luka 18:12Ndizila ukutya kabini on Ndinikela ngesabatha isishumi sako konke endikuzuzayo.

Luka 18:13Waza emi mgama umqokeleli werhafu akavuma nokuphakamisa yakhe kodwa wabethwa esifubeni sakhe, esithi, Thixo, yiba netarhu kum, mna moni.

Luka 18:14Ndithi kuni, Wehla lo waya endlwini yakhe, egwetyelwe; kunokuba kunomnye. Ngokuba wonke umntu oziphakamisayo, uya kuthotywa; nozithobayo uya kuphakanyiswa.

Igama elithi Ukholo lilapha

G4102

πίστις

ipistis

ipis'-tis

ukusuka G3982; ku kholisa, yiyo i, ukukholelwa; yokuziphatha i sigwebo (ye zonqulo inyaniso, okanye inyaniso kaThixo okanye umfundisi wenkolo), ngakumbi ukuyama kuKristu ukuze asindiswe; ngokucacileyo ukuzingisa kumsebenzi onjalo; ngokwandiswa inkqubo yenkolo (yeVangeli) iqiniso ngokwayo: - isiqinisekiso, ukholo, ukholo, ukholo, intembeko.

G3982

πείθω

peithō

phi'-tho

Isenzi sokuqala; ukuya kholisa (ngengxoxo, yinyani okanye bubuxoki); ngokuthelekisa uxolo or xolelanisa (ngezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo); ngokuguqukayo okanye ngokuzenzekela ukuya vuma (kubungqina okanye igunya), ukuya thembela (ngokuqiniseka kwangaphakathi): – vuma, qinisekisa, kholelwa, yiba (wax) yaneliseka, yenza ubuhlobo, thobela, cenga, themba, nikezela.

Siye safuna igalelo labazalwana kwaye siye safuna igalelo kwiingcali. Kuyo yonke le nto besifuna inyaniso hayi izimvo okanye iimbono. Kwaye kuyo yonke le nto sikholelwa ukuba sifuna inyaniso ngothando.

1Co 13: 1Ndingafanelana ndithetha ngeelwimi zabantu nezezithunywa zezulu; uthando ke ndingenalo, ndisuke ndaba yiloo nto as Ubhedu oluhlokomayo, necangci elikhenkcezayo.

1Co 13: 2Ndingafanelana ndineziprofeto, ndizazi iimfihlelo zonke, ndinako konke ukwazi; ndingafanelana ndinalo lonke ukholo, ngokokude ndisuse iintaba, uthando ke ndingenalo, andinto yanto.

1Co 13: 3Kwaye nangona ndikhupha zonke iimpahla zam ukuba ndizondle amahlwempuNdingafanelana ndiwunikela umzimba wam ukuba utshiswe, uthando ke ndingenalo, akundincedi lutho.

1Co 13: 4Uthando lunomonde, lunobubele; Uthando alunamona, alunakulambatha, alukhukhumali;

1Co 13: 5alwenzi okuziintloni; alufuni okukokwalo; alucaphuki; alucaphuki;

1Co 13: 6Uthando aluvuyeli kungalungisi; luvuyisana nenyaniso;

1Co 13: 7lugubungela zonke izinto ngokuzola, lukholelwa izinto zonke, luthemba iinto zonke, lunyamezela iinto zonke.

1Co 13: 8Uthando alunakuze lusilele. Kodwa ukuba nazi Iziprofeto, ziya kubhangiswa; nokuba ziilwimi, ziya kupheza; ukuba ukwazi, kuya kubhangiswa.

1Co 13: 9Kuba siyazi ngokuyinxenye, siprofeta ngokuyinxenye.

1Co 13: 10Xa ke kuthe kwafika okuzalisekileyo, kuya kwandula ukuphuthiswa okuyinxenye.

1Co 13: 11Xa ndandiselusana, ndandithetha ngokosana, ndandicinga ngokosana, ndaqiqa ngokosana. Kodwa ndathi ndakuba yindoda, ndazibhangisa izinto zosana.

1Co 13: 12Kuba ngoku sibona esipilini ngokwamanakanibe; oko ke, siya kukhangelana ebusweni. Ngoku ndiyazi ngokuyinxenye; oko ke ndiya kwazi kakuhle, njengoko ndaziwayo nokwaziwa nam.

1Co 13: 13Kungoku ke kuhleli ukholo, ithemba, uthando, ezo zinto zontathu zihleli; ke yena omkhulu kuzo is Isisa.

Ukholo Ithemba noThando.

Amaxesha esikuwo ngoku aza kuvavanya ukholo lwethu kunye neThemba lethu kunye noThando lwethu.

Kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo sibe neendaba zePfizer, iModerna kwaye ngoku iYunivesithi yaseOxford zonke ziphuma nesitofu sokugonya i-COVID 19 esisebenza ngama-90%.

'Umhle nje': Olunye ugonyo lwe-COVID-19, oluvela kwiModerna entsha, luyaphumelela kulingo olukhulu

NguJon Cohen ngoNovemba 16, 2020 ,

Ngoku, kukho ezimbini. Olunye ugonyo lwe-COVID-19 olusebenzisa itekhnoloji efanayo naleyo ibingekangqinwa njengesitofu sokugonya esivela kwi-Pfizer kunye ne-BioNTech, iinkampani zaseMelika kunye nezaseJamani ezichaze impumelelo nge-9 kaNovemba, zibonakala zisebenza kakuhle ngokumangalisayo. Kwaye ngeli xesha, umenzi, i-US biotech Moderna, ikhupha idatha encinci ukuxhasa ibango layo kunezinye iinkampani ezimbini.

Ibhodi ezimeleyo ebeka iliso kulingo lokugonya lweModerna lwabantu abangama-30,000 yadibana ngeCawe kwaye yaxela kwinkampani kunye namagosa ezempilo ase-US ukuba ngabantu abahlanu kuphela kwiqela eligonyelweyo abaye baphuhlisa iimeko eziqinisekisiweyo ze-COVID-19, ngelixa abantu abangama-90 abafumene izitofu ze-placebo bagula ngenxa yesifo. isifo. Oko kukusebenza kwe-94.5%, inkampani ibike kwingxelo yeendaba ngale ntsasa. Nangona umlinganiselo wolingo lwezonyango usenokungaguquleli kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokulinganayo lokhuseleko lwehlabathi lokwenyani, impumelelo ibonisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya sisebenza kakhulu ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda ubhubhane ukuba sinokusasazwa ngokubanzi.

Sinayo le ngxelo intsha ngoNovemba 23, 2020

Impumelelo kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford kugonyo lwehlabathi lwe-COVID-19

UGONYO lwe-CORONA VIRUS-COVID-19

IYunivesithi yaseOxford, ngentsebenziswano ne-AstraZeneca plc, namhlanje ibhengeza idatha yolingo lwexeshana kwizilingo zayo zeSigaba sesi-III ezibonisa isitofu sokugonya somgqatswa, i-ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019, siyasebenza ekuthinteleni i-COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) kwaye ibonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko.
Umsebenzi wethu wokugonya uqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba unolwazi lwamva nje okanye ukufumana ngakumbi malunga nolingo, nceda undwendwele i-Oxford COVID-19 hub yewebhu yesitofu sokugonya okanye undwendwele iwebhusayithi yolingo lwe-COVID-19.

Isigaba sesi-3 sohlahlelo lwexeshana oluquka iimeko ezili-131 ze-Covid-19 lubonisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya sisebenza nge-70.4% xa sidibanisa idatha esuka kwiirejimeni ezimbini zokudosa.
Kwiirejimeni ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zedosi ukusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya kwaba ngama-90% kwenye kunye nama-62% kwenye.
Irejimeni yokusebenza ngempumelelo ephezulu isebenzise idosi yokuqala enesiqingatha kunye nedosi yesibini eqhelekileyo
Isalathiso sakwangoko sokuba isitofu sokugonya sinokunciphisa usulelo lwentsholongwane ukusuka kunciphiso oluqatshelweyo losulelo olungenazimpawu
Kwakungekho sibhedlele okanye iimeko ezinzima kuye nabani na ofumene isitofu sokugonya
Idatabase enkulu yokhuseleko evela kumavolontiya angaphezu kwama-24,000 asuka kulingo lwezonyango e-UK, eBrazil naseMzantsi Afrika, ngokulandelelwa ukusukela ngo-Epreli.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, isitofu sokugonya sinokulawulwa ngokulula kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo zokhathalelo lwempilo, zigcinwe 'kwiqondo lobushushu lefriji' (2-8 °C) kwaye lisasazwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhoyo.
Ukwenziwa kwemveliso enkulu kuyaqhubeka kumazwe angaphezu kwe-10 ukuxhasa ukufikelela okulinganayo kwihlabathi jikelele
Unjingalwazi u-Andrew Pollard, uMlawuli weQela le-Oxford lokugonya kunye noMphandi oyiNtloko we-Oxford Vaccine Trial, uthe:

'Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba sinesitofu sokugonya esisebenzayo esiya kusindisa ubomi obuninzi. Okuvuyisayo kukuba, sifumanise ukuba enye yerejimeni yethu yokudosa inokuba malunga ne-90% esebenzayo kwaye ukuba le rejimeni yedosi iyasetyenziswa, abantu abaninzi banokugonywa ngonikezelo lwesitofu esicwangcisiweyo. Isibhengezo sanamhlanje sinokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yamavolontiya amaninzi kulingo lwethu, kunye neqela elisebenza nzima nelinobuchule labaphandi abasehlabathini lonke.'

UNjingalwazi uSarah Gilbert, uNjingalwazi weVaccinology kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford, wathi:

'Isibhengezo namhlanje sisithatha elinye inyathelo kufutshane nexesha apho sinokusebenzisa amayeza okugonya ukuphelisa ukonakala okubangelwe yi-SARS-CoV-2. Siza kuqhubeka nokusebenza ukubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha kubalawuli. Kube lilungelo ukuba yinxalenye yalo mzamo wezizwe ngezizwe oya kuvuna iingenelo kwihlabathi liphela.'

Ngoku, abantu abaninzi bebebanga ukuba intsholongwane ye-COVID 19 ayiyonyani. Emva koko babesithi yindoda eyenziwe yintsholongwane eyenziwe kwilebhu yaseTshayina. Emva koko bathi yenziwe nguBill kunye noMelinda Gates. Emva koko yayinguGeorge Soros. Yaye ipropaganda isaqhubeka nanamhlanje.

sightedmoon.com itshilo kwaye isikhundla sethu kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo siyafana. Le ntsholongwane ivela kuYehova. Ixesha.

Hayi kodwa. Hayi ewe kwaye... UYehova wathumela le ntsholongwane kwaye nguye yedwa.

Lev 26:23 Ukuba anivumanga ukuguquguquka kum ngezo zinto, nahamba ngokundichasa;

Lev 26:24 ndohamba ngokunichasa, ndiphinde ndinithethise kasixhenxe ngenxa yezono zenu.

Lev 26:25 ndinizisele ikrele eliyiphindezelayo impindezelo yomnqophiso. Xa nihlanganisene ezixekweni zenu, ndothumela kuni isibetho. Kwaye uya kunikelwa esandleni sotshaba.

Lev 26:26 Ekuwaphuleni kwam umsimelelo osisonka senu, abafazi abalishumi bosoka isonka sakho zikweni-nye, basibuyise isonka sakho besilinganisa. Uya kudla ungahluthi.

Lev 26:27 Ukuba nithe anandiphulaphula noko kungako, nahamba ngokundichasa,

Lev 26:28 ndohamba ngokunichasa ndinobushushu; Mna ke, ndiya kunibetha kasixhenxe ngenxa yezono zenu;

Lev 26:29 nidle inyama yoonyana benu, nenyama yeentombi zenu nidle.

Ubhubhani Wekrele Nendlala.

NguYehova oza kuthumela ezi zinto. Ayiyiyo into eyenziwe ngamadoda akwigumbi elingasemva asebenzela ukuthatha umhlaba ngokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwe-illuminati.

UYehova uye wathumela esi sibetho ehlabathini lonke. Kwaye nangona kunjalo abaninzi basayiphika ukuba yinyani. Uninzi lusakhanyela kwaye aluzukunxiba imaski ukunceda ukunqanda ukusasazeka. Bathi iimaski azisebenzi. Kwaye ke ooGqirha babeyimaski xa bekwenza utyando kwaye oogqirha bamazinyo banxiba imaski xa besebenza emlonyeni wakho. Ukuba aziphangeli kutheni bezinxiba?

Ingqiqo ikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwefestile ngokuthanda idrama ye-hyperbolic. Oku kucace gca ukubona e-USA apho ukunxiba imaski kuchasene namalungelo abo oluntu okanye amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko. Abakhathali kumalungelo abantu abadala abangabona bajolise kubo kwesi sifo.

Endaweni yokwenza ukuthanda abantu abadala kunye nabantu abangoogxa babo bafuna ukuba samkele amalungelo abo okungazinxibi imaski. Abakhathali xa abantu abalupheleyo begula. Ngexesha lonyulo e-USA imaski yayixhobile kunye neDemokhrasi enxibe imaski kwaye ingadibanisi. kwizihlwele kunye namaRiphabhlikhi angazinxibi kwaye ahlanganisene kwizihlwele ezikhulu.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, kwixeshana nje elingephi ngaphambili, iiDemokhrasi zaziqhanqalaza kuzo zonke izixeko zase-USA ngokuchasene noTrump ngamawakawaka abantu ababehlanganisene ngaphandle kwemaski kwaye kungekho mgama wasekuhlaleni. Kuyahanahanisa ngoku ukutsibela kwelinye icala ngezizathu zopolitiko.

Ngoku i-USA inelona zinga liphezulu lemihla ngemihla le-COVID 19 suku ngalunye ukusuka kwihlabathi liphela kwaye amanani ayenyuka.

Abantu abagula yintsholongwane ye-corona:
12,598,974

Ukufa:
262,757

Bangaphezu kwe-183 lamawaka amatyala amatsha e-COVID-19 axelwe e-United States ngoNovemba 23, 2020.

Njengoko ubona inani lokufa kwemihla ngemihla libonakala lingaguquguquki emva kokuqhambuka kokuqala. Kodwa njengoko besanda abantu abagulayo, indawo engakumbi kwiibhedi zesibhedlele iyalungiswa. Kwaye amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwamaqela ezonyango aphelile. Iibhedi ze-ICU ziyazaliswa kwaye emva kokuba zizaliswe ngoko iibhedi ezichichimayo zenziwe kwaye imisebenzi engxamisekileyo iyajikiswa.

Ndiyaqonda ukuba abantu abaninzi bayawabhala la manani kwaye ezi tshathi zicinywe njengomkhuhlane wonyaka kwaye akukho nto ingaphaya koko.

Kwakhona into endiyithethileyo ngesiqalekiso se-4 seLevitikus. Ubhubhani wekrele nendlala.

Sinyukela eweni. Asibuyeli esiqhelweni.

Ubhubhani Wekrele Indlala.

Ezi zizinto ebesilumkisa ngazo ukuba uza kuqala ngo-2020. Xa ujonga emva kulo nyaka ngombono ka-2020 ubona imililo yasendle eOstreliya nakunxweme olusentshona lwase-USA. Umsi onzima kakhulu ujika imini ibe busuku. Rekhoda amaxesha omlilo amade. Bhala inani leenkanyamba. Inkumbi yeApocalyptic kuMbindi Mpuma wePakistan eIndiya eTshayina Iran nasePakistan. Ubhubhani wehlabathi jikelele kwaye ngoku iliza lesibini liqalile. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zisalumkisa malunga nezigidi ezingama-270 zendlala ekupheleni kweminyaka.

Kwaye ngoku sibona umgca ngamawaka e-USA esona sizwe sikhulu emhlabeni sicela ukutya.

Lev 26:23 Ukuba anivumanga ukuguquguquka kum ngezo zinto, nahamba ngokundichasa;
Lev 26:24 ndohamba ngokunichasa, ndiphinde ndinithethise kasixhenxe ngenxa yezono zenu.
Lev 26:25 ndinizisele ikrele eliyiphindezelayo impindezelo yomnqophiso. Xa nihlanganisene ezixekweni zenu, ndothumela kuni isibetho. Kwaye uya kunikelwa esandleni sotshaba.
Lev 26:26 Ekuwaphuleni kwam umsimelelo osisonka senu, abafazi abalishumi bosoka isonka sakho zikweni-nye, basibuyise isonka sakho besilinganisa. Uya kudla ungahluthi.
Lev 26:27 Ukuba nithe anandiphulaphula noko kungako, nahamba ngokundichasa,
Lev 26:28 ndohamba ngokunichasa ndinobushushu; Mna ke, ndiya kunibetha kasixhenxe ngenxa yezono zenu;
Lev 26:29 nidle inyama yoonyana benu, nenyama yeentombi zenu nidle.

Kwakhona ndifuna ukukubongoza ukuba ufumane incwadi yethu Iintsuku ezingama-2300 zesihogo uze ufunde ngesizathu sokuba ezi zinto zisenzeka nokuba zithetha ukuthini.

Ayibingcono. Usapho lwakho lusengozini. Fumana incwadi kwaye ufunde ukuba kutheni konke oku kusenzeka.

Sikwanalo noku kulandelayo kwi-PBS News Iyure ngoLwesibini.

Ukwenza Okuhle

Sixelelwa ukuba sinokuyaphula iSabatha ukuze sisindise isilwanyana esibandezelekileyo.

ULUKA 14:5 Wabaphendula ke esithi, Ngubani na kuni othi, eneesile nokuba yinkomo, eyeyela emhadini, aze angayirholi kwaoko ngomhla wesabatha?

Sikwanawo nomzekeliso womSamariya olungileyo.

Luke 10:25 Kwabonakala kusuka umqondisi-mthetho othile, emlinga nokumlinga, esithi, Mfundisi, ndenze ntoni na ukuze ndibudle ilifa ubomi obungunaphakade?

ULUKA 10:26 Uthe ke yena kuye, Emthethweni kubhalwe ntoni na? Uyifunda njani?

Luke 10:27 Waphendula ke wathi, Uze uyithande iNkosi uThixo wakho ngentliziyo yakho iphela, nangomphefumlo wakho uphela, nangamandla akho ephela, nangengqondo yakho iphela, nommelwane wakho, njengoko uzithanda ngako.

Luke 10:28 Uthe ke kuye, Uphendule walungisa; yenza oku, uya kuphila.

Luke 10:29 Ke yena, ethanda ukuzigwebela, wathi kuYesu, Ngubani na ongummelwane wam?

ULUKA 10:30 Uphendule ke uYesu, wathi, Umntu othile wayesihla evela eYerusalem, esiya eYeriko. Wagaxeleka ezihangeni, ezamhluba iingubo, zamngxwelerha, zemka, zimshiya engathi uza kufa.

Luke 10:31 Ke kaloku kwathi, kwehla mbingeleli uthile ngaloo ndlela, akumbona, wacezela phaya.

Luke 10:32 Kwangokunjalo ke nomLevi, akufika kuloo ndawo, weza wambona, wacezela phaya.

Luke 10:33 Uthe ke umSamariya othile, ehambahamba, esiza kuye, akumbona, wasikwa yimfesane.

ULUKA 10:34 Wasondela, wawabopha amanxeba akhe, egalela ioli newayini, wamkhwelisa eqegwini lakhe, wamsa endlwini yabahambi, wamonga.

ULUKA 10:35 Uthe ngengomso, warhola iidenariyo zambini, wanika umgcini-ndlu yabahambi, wathi kuye, Umonge. nento othe wadleka yona, ndokuhlawulela ekubuyeni kwam.

Luke 10:36 Nguwuphi na kwabo bathathu ngoko, othi wena, waba ngummelwane walowo wagaxeleka ezihangeni?

Luke 10:37 Uthe ke yena, Ngulowo wenza inceba kuye. Wathi ke uYesu kuyo, Hamba uye kwenjenjalo.

Ndingathanda ukuba ufunde amanye amanqaku endinawo apha kwaye uqwalasele imizekeliso emibini endikwabele ngayo apha ngasentla. Ngaba kuphosakele ukwenza okulungileyo ukuze uncede abanye?

Nceda ufunde inqaku elilandelayo kwaye ucofe ikhonkco ukujonga indlela abantu abancinci ababhala ngayo amabali abo emva kokuba bene-COVID 19.

Sonke besinomkhuhlane kwaye uninzi lwenu lucinga ukuba le COVID ayohlukanga. Ayifani nomkhuhlane. Nceda ucofe ikhonkco uze ujonge indlela abantu abaselula abakwinqaku elilandelayo.

Ndingathanda ukuba ubukele olu dliwanondlebe nge-22 kaNovemba ka-2020 kwiMizuzu engama-60 kunye noAnderson Cooper.

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-long-haulers-60-minutes-2020-11-22/

IiHaulers ezinde

'Kubuhlungu ukuphila': Amabali asuka kwi-COVID-19 abarhuthu ixesha elide
Kumawakawaka abantu abaye bane-COVID-19, isifo asizange sihambe.

UDiana Duong nge-21 ka-Okthobha, 2020

Iintlungu zesisu, imivimbo emincinci, ukulahleka kwememori yesikhashana, iinyanga "zenkungu yengqondo," kunye nokudinwa okungapheliyo. Ezinye nje zeempawu ze-COVID-19 ezingenzi uluhlu olusemthethweni lweempawu.

Kunzima kuye nabani na ukuba aqonde ukuba kunjani ukuhlala naso nasiphi na isifo, kuncinci ukuhlala nomntu oneenyanga ezili-10 ubudala kwaye ungaqondwa kakuhle.

Kumawakawaka abantu abaye bane-COVID-19, isifo asizange sihambe.

Baziwa ngokuba “ngabahambi ixesha elide,” ngabo banelishwa, abanengxaki yeempawu ezizibambileyo kunye nokuphinda okonzakalisayo emva kweenyanga ezininzi emva kweempawu zokuqala zentsholongwane enokuba yingozi, enganyangekiyo.

Kodwa ngelixa umonakalo owenziwe emizimbeni yabo uye waba nemiphumo ebuhlungu kumgangatho wobomi kunye nempilo yengqondo, abaninzi baba bahamba ixesha elide bathi eyona nto imbi kakhulu ayikholelwa.

The Iqela lenkxaso leBody Politic Covid-19 ukholelwa kwizigulane. Into eqale njengencoko yeqela elincinci le-Instagram iye yavela yaba sisitishi esikhulu se-Slack esinamalungu asebenzayo angaphezu kwe-7,000 kwihlabathi liphela asokole ne-COVID-19. Kukho iziteshi zezigulana eziphuma kwilizwe ngalinye, abo baneempawu ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30, ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-90, abakhathaleli babahlobo abagulayo okanye usapho, kunye nophawu ngalunye okanye inkqubo yamalungu echaphazelekayo. Amalungu axoxa kwaye axhasane ngayo yonke imiba ye-COVID-19, ukusuka kwingxaki yempilo yengqondo ukuya kwiingxaki zemali nezengqesho.

UHealing uthethe nabasetyhini abathathu abangamalungu eBody Politic kwaye ngoku abaphila neziphumo zexesha elide ze-COVID-19.

ULauren Nichols waqala ukuziva egula nge-10 kaMatshi.

Yayingengomqala nje obuhlungu. Kodwa endaweni yoko, iintlungu ezinzulu kwimiphunga yakhe ezazisenza ukuba onke amazwi awayewathetha, kwaye wonke umphefumlo awuphefumle, atshise. Kwisithuba nje seeyure ezingama-24, wonganyelwa kukudinwa okubuhlungu, urhudo, neentlungu ezibuhlungu emazantsi esisu ezazishiya igazi kangangeentsuku ezintlanu.

Kodwa ngo-Matshi, ezi mpawu zingabonakaliyo azihambelani nenkcazo ye-CDC ye-COVID - leyo, ngelo xesha, yayisabonwa kakhulu njengesifo sokuphefumla. UNichols waliwe kuvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 kwaye waxelelwa ukuba une-asidi embi.

Nge-17 kaMatshi, waba nokuphefumla nzima kangangokuba ukuhamba nje izitepsi ezimbalwa kufutshane negumbi lakhe lokulala eliseBoston kwamshiya ebethwa ngumoya kwaye ekhefuzela. Wayenomkhuhlane, ukhohlokhohlo olomileyo, iintloko ezibuhlungu ezingayekiyo, ukulahlekelwa yincasa kunye nevumba, kunye nezilonda ezimfusa ezinyaweni zakhe, ngoku ezaziwa ngokuba ziinzwane ze-COVID. Emva kovavanyo, eyona imbi yaqinisekiswa: wayenayo inoveli coronavirus.

Uthi: “Kwakungathi kukho umntu okrazula imiphunga yam ngaphakathi. "Ndandiziva inkqubo nganye yomzimba endiye ndaye ndaphelelwa ngamandla yile nto."

“Ndinethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokufumana olo vavanyo luqinisekileyo kwifayile kuba abantu abaninzi bane-COVID kodwa abanalo olo vavanyo luqinisekileyo. Kwenza umahluko ngenene xa ulugqibile uvavanyo. ”

Andikwazi ukusebenza kusasa konke konke. Ayifani nentsasa emnandi apho-yam-ikofu. Andikwazi ngokwenene ukusebenza kwaye kubuhlungu ukuphila rhoqo kusasa.
Kodwa isiphumo esihle sale ntsholongwane yayisisiqalo nje sengxaki yezempilo kaNichols. Phakathi ku-Epreli, i-120 yeponti ye-32 eneminyaka engama-12 ubudala esempilweni engazange ibekho iimeko esele ikho yakhula inyumoniya ehambayo, inamava aqhubekayo eempawu zesisu, kwaye yavelisa ukungcangcazela kwesandla kwisandla sakhe sasekhohlo kunye nokuba ndindisholo kunyawo lwakhe lwasekhohlo olwathatha iinyanga ezimbini. Emva kweenyanga ezine ezithe ngqo zesicaphucaphu, isicaphucaphu, kunye norhudo oluqhubekayo, wehla ngeekhilogram ezili-XNUMX.

Kuninzi lwabarhuthu ixesha elide, i-COVID-19 post-exertional malaise inokwenza umntu alale ebhedini nasemva komsebenzi olula njengokuya ekhitshini. UNichols, owayehamba iimayile ezintandathu ngosuku ngaphambi kwe-COVID, ngoku wayesiba nesiyezi ngokulula kwaye alibale ukwenza ezona zinto zilula.

“Ndiye ndilibale ngokoqobo into emandiyenze ngocango ndingazi ukuba ndiluvala njani ucango lweshawari. Bekuya kufuneka ndibhale phantsi yonke into okanye ndiyilibale,” utsho.

Kule mihla, intsasa yeyona inzima. Umqeshi kaNichols uye wamvumela ukuba atshintshe ucwangciso lwakhe ukuze aqalise ukusebenza ngo-11 am

Uthi: “Andikwazi tu ukusebenza kusasa. “Ayifani nentsasa emnandi apho ndinayo ikofu. Andikwazi ukusebenza kwaye kubuhlungu ukuphila rhoqo kusasa.”

Abangakholwayo

U-Nichols uthi udibene nabantu abaninzi, kwi-Intanethi nakubomi bokwenyani, abangakholelwayo ukuba basinde kwi-COVID ixesha elide. Kwaye nangona evuka iintsasa ezininzi edinwe eyimfe, yiloo nto eyamkhuthaza ukuba athethelele abathuthi ixesha elide.

“Abantu abaninzi abanxibelelani ngenxa yokuba khange baphile. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abafumani nkxaso ifanelekileyo yezonyango, ngoko ushiywe ukuba uzikhusele-kwaye yindawo enzima kakhulu ukuba ube kuyo xa usilwa nemiba enzima kangaka yomzimba,” utshilo. “Awunakwenza ngathi kusengqondweni xa kukho iimpawu zokwenyani eziqhubekayo. Kububuyatha obumangalisayo ukuxelela loo mntu ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho, iinzwane zakho ze-COVID, urhudo lwakho okanye isicaphucaphu esiqatha kungenxa yonxunguphalo. ”

UHeather-Elizabeth Brown ebethatha onke amanyathelo okhuseleko anako ukunqanda i-COVID-19. Uqale ukunxiba imask kwangoko kubhubhane, wayehlala kude nabanye, kwaye ehlala ehlamba izandla kwaye esebenzisa isicoci sesandla. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, akaqinisekanga ukuba wasifumana phi isifo esinokumfaka kumatshini wokuphefumla kangangeentsuku ezingama-31.

Njengomfundisi weSebe lamaPolisa aseDetroit, uBrown wakwazi ukuvavanyelwa intsholongwane njengomphenduli wokuqala. Iimvavanyo zakhe ezimbini zokuqala zabuya zathi akanayo nangona wayesele ekhohlela. Kutyelelo lwakhe lokuqala esibhedlele, waxelelwa ukuba agoduke, azivalele yedwa, kwaye afumane i-pulse oximeter ukuze ajonge amanqanaba eoksijini yakhe. Njengoko wayesiya egula, wabuyela esibhedlele, waza wajikiswa kwakhona.

Kutyelelo lwakhe lwesithathu esibhedlele ngo-Epreli 15, enobushushu obuphezulu, amanqanaba eoksijini aphantsi kunye neX-ray yesifuba ebonisa inyumoniya, wavavanywa ekugqibeleni. Isiphumo esihle saba siqinisekisa kwaye soyikisa.

“Yayiyimvakalelo yokuba krakra yaye phantse isiqabu ukuba ndandimamele kakuhle umzimba wam. Ndandisazi ukuba kukho undonakele,” utsho. "Kodwa ndikwanoloyiko kuba bendisazi ukuba ndine-COVID kwaye ndigula kakhulu."

Kwiiyure nje ezingama-48, imeko kaBrown yaba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Indoda eyayineminyaka engama-35 ubudala yayisempilweni, yafakwa kwi-coma, emva koko yafakwa kwi-ventilator kwangethuba le-18 ka-Epreli.

Ekugqibeleni ndabuza, 'ndandiphi?' - njengokuba 'ndandiphi' kodwa nini. Wathi kum, 'kuphakathi kuMeyi.' Ndaye ndakhumbula ugqibela kwam ukulala kwakuphakathi kuApril.
“Ndikwazile nje ukudibanisa olu luhlu lweeyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24 ukusuka ekujongeni ngasemva imiyalezo evela kwisibini sabantu ebendithetha nabo bekhokelela kanye xa bendisiya kwisixhobo sokungenisa umoya,” utshilo. Kodwa andikhumbuli nto ngaloo mini yonke.

Ukuvuka ekubeni kwi-ventilator kwakungekho nto imfutshane kwi-surreal.

“Ndandinamaphupha acacileyo kunye namaphupha amabi xa ndandikwi-ventilator, kwaye xa ndandiqala ukuvuka, kwakunzima kakhulu ukwazi ukuba yinyani,” utshilo. "Kwandithatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba ndithande ukuqonda kwaye ndiqonde okwenzekileyo."

Uchaza ukuba akakwazi kuthetha.

Uthi: “Kwadlula usuku okanye ezimbini kamva, xa omnye wabongikazi kwigumbi labagula kakhulu wayethetha nam ndaza ndaqonda ukuba andinakukwazi ukuphendula. “Ndandikwazi ukwenza intshukumo namazwi omlomo, kodwa kwakungaphumi nto. Ekugqibeleni ndabuza, 'Bendinini?' okuthetha ukuthi, Bendiphi na? nokuba 'Kunini?' Wathi kum, 'Kuphakathi kuMeyi.' Ndaye ndakhumbula ukugqibela kwam ukulala kwakuphakathi kuAprili.”

Kwiveki kamva, uBrown wakwazi ukujonga ifowuni yakhe apho wafumana imiyalezo kunye nee-imeyile ezivela kubahlobo, usapho kunye nosapho lwakhe lwecawe. Wathi akujonga umhla wemiyalezo, yatshona kwixesha awayengekho zingqondweni ngalo: iintsuku ezingama-31.

Ixesha elichithwe kwisixhobo sokungenisa umoya alizange libe nemiphumo. Wayenehlwili legazi nto leyo ebangele ukuba azive enkenenkene kwaye abe buthathaka kwingalo nomlenze wakhe wasekhohlo. Ingalo yakhe yasekhohlo nayo ayinalo ulwahlulo olupheleleyo lokushukuma-isiphumo sento ogqirha bakrokrela ukuba sisibetho esincinci ebesinaso ngelixa ekwisixhobo sokuphefumla.

Okwangoku, uBrown uya esomelela yonke imihla, kodwa akukho lula.

“Ndiba namaxesha okuphoxeka okanye okudakumba. Kodwa ndinokholo olomeleleyo, ndiyamthemba uThixo, ndiyakholelwa kuye,” utsho. “Kwaye ndiyazithemba kunye nokomelela kwam. Ukugcina ingqwalasela entle kwinto ephambili, eya isiba ngcono kwaye ndenza nantoni na endinokuyenza ukuze ndichame. ”

Ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19, uBrown wayehlala esendleleni kwaye esebenza kwindawo yakhe njengomfundisi. Kodwa ngenxa yokugula kwakhe, kuye kwafuneka ehlise isantya. Ukuhla usenyuka ngezinyuko ngoku kumshiya evuthelwe ngumoya kwaye nokuya kugqirha uya kusebenzisa onke amandla akhe osuku. Kwaye ngelixa esithi abo bamjikelezileyo bazamile ukumjikeleza, into yokuba akukho mntu wabelana ngamava akhe ibe negalelo kwimvakalelo yokuba yedwa.

“Nangona bendixhasa wonke umntu, akukho mntu ubekwizihlangu zam ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo indlela endiziva ngayo okanye isizathu sokuba ndikhathazeke kangaka xa ndithatha imizuzu eli-10 ukuba ndinyuke izinyuko okanye kutheni ndingakwazi ukwenza oku okanye okuya,” uthi. “Kungumceli mngeni, kodwa ndiyababulela abantu abazamayo. Ndinqwenela ukuba ndingabonisa ukubaluleka kokuhlala usempilweni kwaye ukhuselekile kubo nakwabanye kuba iziphumo zinokuba nzulu ngokwenene. ”

Njengabantu abaninzi baseMelika ekupheleni kuka-Matshi, uLauren Trozzo akazange akwazi ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 ngoko nangoko-nangona wayeziva egula.

Umyeni wakhe wayeseArgentina elungisa imicimbi kamakhulu wakhe ongasekhoyo xa wayebhabha ebuyela kwikhaya labo eNew York phakathi kuMatshi. Apho, wazivalela ehotele kangangeentsuku ezili-12, eziva nje ukukrwempa komqala. Noko ke, emva kweveki, uLauren nabantwana bakhe abathathu baqalisa ukugula. Abantwana bakhe babeneempawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu, kodwa uLauren wayekhohlela kwaye exinene, efumana ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukuphefumla nzima, kunye nomkhuhlane ophantsi-impawu ezazingahambelani nemigaqo-nkqubo yovavanyo engqongqo ngelo xesha.

Umqondiso wokuqala wokuba uTrozzo wayenayo le ntsholongwane kuxa wayesenza ibhakoni kunye namaqanda kwisidlo sakusasa kwiveki enesiqingatha kamva kwaye wafumanisa ukuba akanangcamla kwanto-uphawu oluxeliweyo lwe-COVID-19.

“Yayiyeyona nto ingaqhelekanga leyo,” utsho. “Kwakunjengokutya iqhekeza lekhadibhodi, yayingaqhelekanga.”

Xa uTrozzo waya esibhedlele, ugqirha wamnika iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane kwaye wacebisa uvavanyo lwe-COVID. Igcisa lazabalaza ngeswab yomthi eqinile kwaye yathi i-swab ayiyi "apho ifanele ukuya khona." Iishafu zomthi azikhuthazwa kwiimvavanyo ze-PCR. Omnye uchwepheshe kamva waxelela uTrozzo ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayesebenzisa umqala. Uvavanyo lwabonisa ukuba awunayo.

Abantu bathi, 'kodwa awukhange ufunyanwe unayo,' kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba ndivavanye.
Nge-22 ka-Epreli, uTrozzo waqala ukuva isiyezi kunye nokuba ndindisholo. Yanyamalala ngobusuku, ngoko wayiqhubela esibhedlele ngosuku olulandelayo. Kwisiqingatha semizuzu engama-20 yokuqhuba, imilebe yakhe, izandla, kunye nobuso bonke baqalisa ukutshotshozela waza waqalisa ukuphulukana nolawulo lwezihlunu ezandleni zakhe. Waqhuba ngeengalo zakhe, umbono wakhe waba luzizi, kwaye, njengoko wayethetha noyise emnxebeni, ngequbuliso akazange akwazi ukuthetha amazwi akhe.

Esibhedlele, wanikwa isitulo esinamavili njengoko wayephelelwa ngamandla emilenzeni yakhe. Waye wathunyelwa ukuba avavanye kwaye wabona abongikazi abaninzi kwaye wathunyelwa kwi-EKG kunye ne-X-ray yesifuba. Wakhululwa waza wathunyelwa kwi-neurologist. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba wayenegazi elijiyileyo, nto leyo eyayinokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezincinci ezifana ne-stroke athe wazifumana. Emva kwexesha, omnye ugqirha waxelela uTrozzo ukuba unokuba nexhala ngelixa eqhuba.

Ngelixa ezinye iimpawu ziye zehla, uTrozzo usaqhubeka nokuphefumla kwaye ngoku ufumana iintlungu emzimbeni. Ukhe wabona ugqirha wemithambo-luvo, ugqirha wamathambo owamxelela ukuba akanaso isifo esizikhuselayo kumajoni omzimba, kunye nogqirha wegazi wokujiyisa igazi. Uye waphinda wafumana olunye uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 - ngeli xesha kunye neswab echanekileyo. Kwakhona, umphumo waba kakubi.

Umntu owayesempilweni ngaphambili wayeneminyaka engama-36 ubudala wayengenambali yokubethwa okanye nasiphi na esinye isifo okanye ukugula. Wayezilolonga rhoqo-ebaleka iimayile ezimbini yonke imihla-wayegcina ukutya okunempilo kunye nobunzima, kwaye wayengatshayi, engaseli, okanye enze iziyobisi. Ngoku, uchitha ixesha lakhe eqhuba ibhayisekile nosapho lwakhe, ezama ukwakha umthamo wemiphunga ukuze akwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuziva ephelelwa ngumoya.

Ngokuqinisekileyo ibilixesha elide kuTrozzo, ngakumbi njengoko eqhubeka nokulwa neBlue Cross, inkampani yakhe yeinshurensi, ngaphezulu kwamatyala esibhedlele athe arhola ukuya kuthi ga kwi-11,000 yeedola. IBlue Cross ithi naluphi na unyango lwe-COVID lugutyungelwe, kodwa ngenxa yovavanyo olubi lukaTrozzo ngo-Epreli, olunokuthi luphathwe ngokungalunganga, iinkampani zeinshorensi aziyi kuhlawula nantoni na. Ugqirha wakhe wemiphunga - owayemxelele nge-23 kaJuni ukuba une-COVID-19 enenyumoniya - okwangoku "nguye kuphela umsindisi" wakhe kuyo yonke le nkqubo yesikhalazo.

Uthi: “Abantu bathi, ‘kodwa awukhange ufunyanwe unayo,’ kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba ndifunyaniswe ndine-HIV.”

Ibali labarhuqi ixesha elide lelinye nje kwabaninzi ngeli xesha lobhubhane. Kodwa emva kweenyanga ezingaphezulu kwesixhenxe zokuzithethelela, kungoku nje apho abakhweli bexesha elide beba yinxalenye yengxoxo kwi-COVID-19.

UNichols uthi: “Kubuhlungu ngokwenene kuba abaguli abanawo amandla okuzithethelela. "Kodwa kufuneka sikhuthaze kuba akukho mntu usincedayo."

Bazalwana esi sifo siyinyani. Asiyontelekelelo yethu. Ayiloyelenqe leendaba zobuxoki. Yinyani kwaye iyingozi kakhulu. Yintoni esimele siyenze njengamakholwa? Ngokukwazi ukunyangwa ngesitofu ngoku lixesha lokuba sonke sicinge nzulu ngento emasiyenze. Nokuba siyalufumana na isitofu sokugonya okanye singalufumani, ngamnye kuthi kufuneka aseke isigqibo sakhe ngokungathi siyiKumkani kwisizwe sethu kwaye sithathe isigqibo ngeyona nto ilungileyo kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo. Ixesha lokuzifihla emva kwesikrini sekhompyutheni kunye nokudlala imidlalo ye-FB iphelile. Wenza ntoni yaye ngaba uye wayihlolisisa inyaniso nazo zonke izibakala? Sukuhamba necala elinye nesiqingatha seenyaniso. USathana ufuna sife sonke.

Ukuba ufumana iinyani zakho ku-FB ngoko awunazo iinyani. Uneendlebe. Ndiza kuthi thaca kuni ndiyathemba iinyani ezivela kwimithombo ethembekileyo. Andizukukuxelela into omawuyenze. Kwaye andizukukunika ipropaganda efanayo endala ye-FB. Ziziphi izibakala? Ngaba ngenene abantwana babulawa ukwenza izitofu zokugonya. Ngaba iinkawu? Ithini iTorah? Ngamana uYehova angakukhokela kuzo zonke izigqibo ozenzayo ezisekelwe kwinyaniso.

Isikhundla samaYuda kwizitofu zokugonya

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2870103/jewish/What-Does-Jewish-Law-Say-About-Vaccination.htm

Uthini uMthetho wamaJuda malunga noGonyo?

umbuzo:
Kutshanje kukho iingxoxo ezininzi kunye neengxoxo malunga nomba wogonyo. Njengomzali, ndinomdla wokwazi ukuba uthini umthetho wamaJuda ngalo mba.

Ummi onolwazi
Impendulo:
Mhlali obekekileyo,

Enkosi ngombuzo wakho! Okanye mhlawumbi ndimele ndithethe imibuzo, kuba isihloko sokugonya sinezihloko ezininzi kunye nemiba efuna ukulungiswa. Yintoni eyenza umbuzo wakho ube nzima ngakumbi kukuba igama elithi ukugonywa libanzi kakhulu-kukho izitofu ezithile ezijoliswe kwizifo ezisongela ubomi, kunye nezinye izifo ezingenabungozi. Kwakhona, amacandelo ahlukeneyo abemi anokuba nemingcipheko eyahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiminyaka yabo kunye nendawo, njalo njalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba siphendule umbuzo wogonyo ngokukodwa, kufuneka siqale siqonde ukuthatha kweTorah ngokubaluleka kokugada impilo yakho ngokubanzi.

Umyalelo weHalachic wokuThatha imiGaqo

Ukukhusela impilo yakho akunangqiqo kuphela, kodwa ngokwenene yi-mitzvah. Oko kuthetha ukuba nokuba awufuni kuyenza, nangasiphi na isizathu, usanyanzelekile ukuba wenjenjalo. ITorah isifundisa ukuba imizimba yethu sisipho esivela kuThixo, ngoko ke asingobanini bayo kwaye asinakuyenza umonakalo.1

Akwanelanga ukujongana nemiba yezempilo njengoko ivela; kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo okuthintela ingozi. Isahluko sokugqibela soMthetho wamaYuda sibethelela ukuba “kwanjengokuba kukho umthetho oqinisekileyo wokuba sakhiwe isiseko sophahla eluphahleni ukuze kungawi mntu, nathi simele sizilinde kuyo nantoni na enokubeka ubomi bethu esichengeni; le ndinyana ithi, 2 ‘Kodwa zigcine, uwulinde kakhulu umphefumlo wakho . . .'”3

Njengomzekelo wesi sigqibo, uRabbi Moshe Isserles (owaziwa ngokuba yiRema), omnye wamaYuda aphum’ izandla, ubhala athi xa kuqhambuka isibetho esixekweni, abemi beso sixeko abafanele balinde de isibetho sisasazeke. Endaweni yoko, bona (ngaphandle kwezinye izinto4) banyanzelekile ukuba bazame ukubaleka esixekweni ekuqaleni koqhambuko.5

Xa kukho ubhubhani, ayiluxanduva lwakho kuphela ukubaleka, kodwa njengomzali unoxanduva lokukhusela ukhuseleko lwabantwana bakho. URabbi Yeshayah ha-Levi Horowitz, owaziwa ngokuba nguShela, ubhala ukuba nawuphi na umzali ongabafudukiyo abantwana bakhe kwisixeko esithwaxwa ngubhubhani unoxanduva ngekamva labo.6

Siye safumanisa ukuba ubani kufuneka enze nantoni na esemandleni akhe ukuze azisindise, asindise abantwana bakhe, nabanye abantu kwiingozi ezinokubeka ubomi bakhe esichengeni. kwaye kubonakala ngathi akukho mahluko phakathi kokugonywa kunye nokubaleka isixeko xa kukho ubhubhane.

Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo wokugonya ngokubanzi xa kungekho bhubhane wangoku ubonakala unzima ngakumbi.

Iigonya

Imiyalelo efumaneka kwiKhowudi yoMthetho wamaJuda yokuphepha ingozi ayithwali mngcipheko wayo (umzekelo, ukusaba esixekweni, ukungatyi inyama nentlanzi kunye, okanye ukungafaki iingqekembe emlonyeni wakho). Ugonyo, nangona kunjalo, lunokuba nemingcipheko ethile, nokuba incinci kangakanani na. Ngaloo ndlela isinika umbuzo wokuba umntu unokuthatha umngcipheko omncinci ngoku ukuze mhlawumbi aphephe ingozi enkulu kamva.

Ezamazamana nalo mbandela, omnye wabasemagunyeni ababephambili ngexesha lokufunyanwa kwesitofu sokugonya ingqakaqha ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, uRabbi Yisroel Lipschutz (owayedume ngamagqabaza akhe ngeMishnah eyayinomxholo othi Tiferet Yisrael), wawisa isigwebo sokuba phezu kwayo nje ingozi yokufa ngenxa yeMishnah. isitofu sokugonya ingqakaqha (ngelo xesha 1/1000), umntu kufuneka esagonywa.7

Xa isitofu sokugonya ipoliyo sasiphunyezwa kwaSirayeli, kwakukho abo babhenela kuLubavitcher Rebbe, uRabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, wenkumbulo yobulungisa, ukuze bafumane uluvo lwakhe. Oku kulandelayo yisampuli yeempendulo zakhe.

Ebusika bowe-1957 uRebbe wabhala impendulo, ebonisa ukuba wayekungxamele ukwenza oko ngenxa yokubaluleka okubalaseleyo kwalo mbandela ukhoyo:

. . Ngokumalunga nombuzo wakho malunga nokutofa okuchasene nesifo:

Uyandothusa lo mbuzo wakho, ekubeni bebaninzi kangaka abantu abavela kwiLizwe lakwaSirayeli abaye bandibuza malunga noku kwaye ndiye ndabaphendula ngokuvumayo, ekubeni uninzi lwabantu lukwenza oko apha [eUnited States] ngempumelelo.

Kuyaqondakala ukuba, ukuba kukho ii-inoculations eziveliswa ziinkampani ezininzi zamachiza, kufuneka usebenzise ezo zimveliso zazo ziye zazanywa ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zafakazelwa.8

Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1956 uRebbe wabhala:

. . Ekuphenduleni ileta yakho apho ubuza uluvo lwam malunga nezitofu ezidla ngokunikwa abantwana abancinci:

Kumalunga nemibandela enjengale apho kusetyenziswe intetho ethi “Musa ukuzahlula kuluntu”. Ufanele wenze ngokuvisisana noko kwenziwa [ngabazali] abaninzi babantwana abakwiiklasi zabantwana bakho . . .9

Nanjengoko isitofu sokugonya sepoliyo sisishenxisile ngempumelelo isifo esoyikekayo, bekukho iimeko apho izithonga ezingalunganga zizise ukugula. Kwileta eyayivela kubusika bowe-1957, iRebbe yathetha ngalo mbandela:

. . Isiganeko esenzeka eUnited States sasisekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa kwezi zitofu zokugonya, phambi kokuba [kanye] ikhompawundi yezonyango imiselwe ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku akunjalo ngoku, emva kweenyanga zamava ngesitofu sokugonya.

Ngoko ke, nje ukuba ukuthembeka kwesitofu sokugonya kumiselwe ngokuqinileyo, akukho kukhathazeka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko . . .10

Ngendlela efanayo, uRabhi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, omnye woorabhi ababalaseleyo benkulungwane edluleyo, ulawula ukuba ukuba ubani unenkxalabo esengqiqweni ngeengozi zokungagonywa, kwaye ekuphela kwethuba lokugonywa kukwiShabbat (okanye umntu angagonywa). kufuneka ndilinde iminyaka emi-4 okanye emi-5 ukuze ufumane ithuba elilandelayo lokugonywa), ngoko ke ugonyo luya kuvunyelwa nge-Shabbat.11

Ukugunyazisa uGonyo

Ukucinga ukuba ukugonya xa kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokubamba isifo kufana nokubalekela ubhubhane, ngoko kunyanzelekile ukuba ukwenze oko, kwaye abanye banokunyanzeliswa ukuba benze njalo. Umbuzo osafuna ukuqwalaselwa ngowokuba ingaba, ngokwembono ye-halachic emsulwa, sinokuyigunyazisa nokuba akukho bhubhani ukhoyo ngoku.

Abanye bathi ekubeni ugonyo sele luyinto eyamkelekileyo neqhelekileyo, kunyanzelekile kubo bonke abazali ukuba balulungiselele abantwana babo. Ngaloo ndlela, bekuya kuba kokufanelekileyo ukugunyazisa ugonyo.12 Noko ke, abanye banoluvo lokuba ngoxa maxa wambi sinokunyanzelela umntu ukuba afumane unyango, asinakukwazi ukunyanzela umntu osempilweni okanye umzali ukuba agonye, ​​ngokwembono engeyomfuneko. , kwanokuba ukwala kwakhe kusekelwe “kuloyiko olungenangqiqo.”13

Ngokucacileyo, njengakuzo zonke iimeko, ngokukodwa ngokuphathelele impilo yabantwana, ubani ufanele adibane nogqirha wakhe wobuqu, ugqirha wezamayeza onelayisensi. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa ukuba ungagomi ngenxa yeenkxalabo ezithile, akufanele ugonywe.

Ukutya kwengqondo

Emva kokuxoxa ngendlela yeTorah kwizitofu zokugonya ngokubanzi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayizizo zonke izitofu zokugonya ezilinganayo, kwaye ezinye zibeka imibuzo eyodwa yazo. Ngokomzekelo, i-chickenpox (varicella), ngelixa ingathandekiyo, iyancipha kwaye inqabile kakhulu ibulala abantwana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngelixa abantu abadala bengenakuchaphazeleka kwintsholongwane ye-varicella, banokuthi bafe ngenxa yenkukhu. Mhlawumbi, abanye bayaxoxa, kungangcono ukuba umntwana afumane irhashalala kunokuba agonywe?14

Omnye umbuzo onokubakho uyaphakama ngesitofu sokugonya sepoliyo. Iintlobo zepoliyo ziye zafunyanwa kwiindawo zakwaSirayeli ezinokuchaphazela abantu abangagonywanga. Ukulungisa oku, kukho iphulo lokwazisa uhlobo olubuthathaka lwentsholongwane kubantwana abasele betofelwe kodwa basenako ukosulela abanye le ntsholongwane. Emva kokufumana intsholongwane ephilayo, umntwana akayi kugula, kodwa uya kulwa nentsholongwane kwaye angabi ngumthwali, ngaloo ndlela unceda ukuphelisa intsholongwane ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwangaxeshanye, lo mntwana akanako ukudibana ngokusondeleyo nabantu ababuthathaka, abaya kufumana isifo nakwintsholongwane ephilayo ebuthathaka. Umbuzo ke ngowokuba: ngaba siyayibeka esichengeni impilo yabanye abantu abangakwaziyo ukuzikhusela komzimba onokudibana nabo, ukuze kulungelwe ngakumbi?

Isishwankathelo, njengeminye imiba emininzi kumthetho wamaYuda, ingxoxo evulekileyo nefundisayo esekwe kwimigaqo yeTorah kunye nezimvo zezilumko zethu zibalulekile ekufikeleleni kwimvumelwano. Njengoko uRebbe ebhala, kungokubhekiselele kwimibandela enjengale apho i-axiom ethi “Musa ukuzahlula kuluntu”.

Ugonyo njengeSifundo soBomi

Masiqukumbele ngesi siganeko silandelayo esibaliswa nguLubavitcher Rebbe, uRabhi Menachem M. Schneerson, wenkumbulo yobulungisa.

UmYuda othile wayendityelele kutshanje, yaye saxubusha ngemfundo. Wandixelela ukuba amanani abonise ukuba imfundo engafanelekanga yenzakalisa kuphela i-5 pesenti yabantwana.

Ndambuza enoba ubagonyele na abantwana bakhe imasisi, ipoliyo, njl.njl. Waphendula wathi: “Kakade! Singabazali!”

"Ngaba uyazi ukuba yeyiphi ipesenti yabantwana abangasifumaniyo isitofu sokugonya esi sifo?" Ndibuzile. Wayewazi amanani—ngaphantsi kwesi-3 okanye isi-4 ekhulwini. Ngamanye amazwi, nokuba kunokwenzeka ipesenti ezi-4, kwaye ngakumbi kula mazwe apho ezi zifo zinqabile ngakumbi, kusafanelekile ukugonya, kunye nazo zonke iintlungu, njl., ezibangela. Ngoba?

Ngubani ozikhathaleleyo ezi ngxaki zincinci, xa kuthelekiswa nento enokwenzeka ngaphandle kokugonywa? wasabela.

Ndathi kuye: “Ukuba ngamathandabuzo ngesi-4 ekhulwini kufanelekile ukuvisa umntwana iintlungu, ukunyamezela ukukhala komntwana nayo yonke eminye imiphumo yogonyo, ukuze nje uphephe isifo—nangona ubukhulu becala abukho. ukuba kunokwenzeka nayiphi na ingozi yobomi, kodwa kunokuba nje ukungonwabi kakhulu kangangexesha elithile—kangakanani na ukuba yingenelo ekuqinisekiseni impilo yomphefumlo womntwana, apho amathandabuzo angama-5 ekhulwini, kwaye apho isitofu sokugonya asibangeli naziphi na iintlungu. Ekuphela kwento efunekayo kukubhalisela umntwana kwizifundo kwiziko lemfundo lokwenyani leTorah! Esi senzo siya kuchaphazela ubomi bakhe bonke!”

Kutheni amaYuda engayi kugonywa kude kube yiminyaka yesikolo.

https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/11/9/18068036/measles-new-york-orthodox-jewish-community-vaccines

Uluntu lwamaJuda obuOthodoki lwaseNew York lulwa nokuqhambuka kwemasisi. Babekek’ ityala abantu abaphika amayeza okugonya.

I-Rockland County kunye nesiXeko saseNew York babhengeze iimeko zikaxakeka ngenxa yokuqhambuka.

NguJulia Belluz@juliaoftoronto uhlaziywe ngo-Epreli 10, 2019, 1:22pm EDTGraphics: Javier Zarracina

Abameli be-anti-vaccine baye bahenda abazali eNew York ukuba bangavumi ukugonywa kubantwana babo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuqhambuka kwemasisi ezibini kwimbali yamva nje yelizwe, ngokutsho kwamagosa ezempilo asekhaya.

Ukusukela nge-10 ka-Epreli, ubuncinci abantu abangama-285 kwisiXeko saseNew York - ngakumbi eBrooklyn eWilliamsburg naseBorough Park ebumelwaneni - baye bagula. Kwi-Rockland County ekufutshane, abantu abayi-168 bayibambile le ntsholongwane. Uqhambuko lubangele amagosa ezempilo kuzo zombini iindawo ukuba abhengeze iimeko zonxunguphalo. Esixekweni, amagosa ayalele ugonyo olunyanzelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abangagonywanga ngoLwesibini, besoyikisa abo baphumayo ngeentlawulo. I-Rockland ekufutshane yathatha inyathelo elingaqhelekanga lokuthintela nabani na ongaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ongakhange atofelwe imasisi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kangangeentsuku ezingama-30 ngoMatshi. Loo myalelo warhoxiswa ngumgwebi kwiintsuku ezilishumi kamva.

Okuqaphelekayo apha kukuba uluntu oluchaphazelekayo lunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo: Amatyala ayenzeka kakhulu phakathi kwamaJuda angamaOthodoki angagonywanga okanye angagonyelwanga ngokwaneleyo, ngakumbi abantwana. Xa bebuzwa ukuba kutheni abantu bephuma kugonyo, isebe lezempilo lesixeko saseNew York lathi abantu abachasene nogonyo basasaza ulwazi olungelulo eluntwini.

Abantu abangoyikiyo baquka iqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-PEACH - okanye aBazali abaFundisayo kunye nokuThethela iMpilo yaBantwana - ebonakala ngathi ijolise kuluntu lwamaJuda ngolwazi olungelulo malunga nokhuseleko lwesitofu sokugonya, becaphula oorabhi njengabasemagunyeni, ngomnxeba wocingo kunye neemagazini. URabhi we-Othodoki yaseBrooklyn uWilliam Handler naye ebebhengeza ikhonkco elidityanisiweyo phakathi kwesitofu sokugonya imasisi-mumps-rubella (MMR) kunye ne-autism. Abazali "ababeka izithixo zokugonya" babandakanyeka "kwidini labantwana," uxelele uVox.

Kwikwindla yokugqibela, xa kwaqala uqhambuko, ndiye ndathetha namaYuda angamaOthodoki aseNew York malunga nokuqhambuka kunye nenkxalabo yawo yokugonya. Kwaye ndiye ndafunda ukuba iqaqobana alizithembi izitofu- ngenxa yezizathu ezingenanto yakwenza nemfundiso yenkolo.

Ukanti isibakala sokuba amanye amaYuda angamaOthodoki ahlala ngaphandle kwesiqhelo, aphephe itekhnoloji, kwaye abambe uluvo loorabhi ngembeko ephezulu anokubashiya bengakhuselekanga ngakumbi kwi-anti-vaxxers.

"Ukuba ungumYuda wenkolo, uyaqhelana nokuba nembono encinci," utshilo u-Alexander Rapaport, i-CEO yeMasbia Soup Kitchen Network eBrooklyn, kunye noluntu lwaseHasidic. Ke ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga, ayikususi ukuba uyikholelwe.

Kwakhona wachaza ukuba amanye amaYuda angamaOthodoki eBrooklyn afunda kunye, anqula kunye, yaye ahlala yaye ahambe kunye. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abambalwa abangagonywanga abahlala kufutshane banokuba yingozi. Kodwa kukwathetha ukwenza ungenelelo ngemiyalezo yezempilo yoluntu kufuna inzame eyongezelelweyo. “Sibona urhulumente etyala imali eninzi kulwazi lwezempilo yoluntu,” utshilo uRapaport. Kodwa ayikhe yehle kwizithethi zaseYiddish okanye abantu abangenazo iiseti zeTV.

Ibali laseNew York liqhelekile: Olunye uluntu olubambene kakhulu - njengabahlali baseSomalia-baseMelika eMinnesota, ama-Amish e-Ohio, kwaye, kutsha nje, abaphambukeli abathetha isiRashiya eWashington - basandula ukuba lixhoba lokuqhambuka kwemasisi ngenxa yoko. yokwaliwa kwesitofu sokugonya. Oku kuqhambuka kweNew York sisikhumbuzo sendlela anokuba sesichengeni ngayo amaqela angakhuselekanga kwi-anti-vaxxers, kunye nemiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo yabameli bezempilo yoluntu ekubaleni imiyalezo yabo kolu luntu.

Imasisi yapheliswa e-US ngo-2000 - kodwa ukuqhambuka okunxulunyaniswa nokwaliwa kogonyo kuye kwavela kwiindawo ezihlala abantu.

Kukho inyani enye eyenza ukuba intsholongwane yemasisi yoyike ngokwenene: Sesinye sezifo ezosulelayo ezaziwa ngumntu. Umntu onemasisi unokukhohlela egumbini, ahambe, kwaye - ukuba awugonywanga - kwiiyure kamva, unokuyifumana intsholongwane kumathontsi emoyeni awashiyileyo. Ayikho enye intsholongwane enokuyenza loo nto.

Ngoko ke ukuba awugonywanga, kulula kakhulu ukubamba imasisi. Kubantu abangagonywanga, umntu omnye onemasisi unokosulela abanye abali-12 ukuya kwabali-18. Ingaphezulu lee kunezinye iintsholongwane ezifana ne-Ebola, i-HIV, okanye i-Sars.

Ngowama-2000, ngenxa yogonyo oluxhaphakileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iphelile le ntsholongwane eUnited States: Kwagonywa abantu abaneleyo kangangokuba uqhambuko lwalungaqhelekanga, yaye ukufa ngenxa yemasisi kwakunqabile.

Kodwa ukuze nasiphi na isitofu sokugonya sisebenze, kufuneka ube nepesenti ethile yabantu abagonyiweyo. Yiloo nto eyaziwa ngokuba “kukungakhuseleki komhlambi,” kwaye kuthetha ukuba izifo azinakusasazwa ngabantu ngokulula. Ngogonyo lwe-MMR, iipesenti ezingama-95 zabantu kufuneka zidubule. Ngoko ke, abantu abambalwa abala ugonyo banokuba yingozi.

Ukusukela ngo-2000, sibone ukuqhambuka minyaka le kubantu abanamanqanaba asezantsi okuthathwa kogonyo, phakathi kwama-37 kunye nama-667 amatyala. Intsholongwane isasazeka xa abahambi abangagonywanga bendwendwela iindawo apho imasisi ijikeleza kakhulu kwaye bayibuyisele kwabanye abantu abangagonywanga okanye abangagonyelwanga ngokwaneleyo kwindawo esondeleleneyo apho abanye abazali bebephuma kugonyo lwabantwana babo.

Yiloo nto eyenzekileyo kuqhambuko olukhulu lwemasisi e-US ukusukela oko sapheliswayo esi sifo. Ngo-2014, imasisi yasasazeka phakathi kwabantu base-Amish abangagonywanga e-Ohio emva kokuba umvangeli wasemazweni ebuyise intsholongwane evela kwiiPhilippines. Kwaye ngo-2017, umhambi wabangela ukuqhambuka kwindawo engagonywanga yaseSomalia-yaseMelika eMinnesota.

ENew York, uqhambuko lwangoku lwavela kubahambi abasandula ukutyelela kwa-Israel, apho ubhubhani wemasisi uqhubeka ngoku. Abahambi babuyela e-US kwaye basasaza phakathi kwabantu abangagonywanga okanye abangagonywanga baseNew York.

Kodwa esi ayisosiganeko sawodwa. Uluntu lwamaYuda obuOthodoki sele lujongene nokuqhambuka kwezifo ezininzi ezinokuthintelwa kugonyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kubandakanya ukukhohlela kunye noqwilikana. Kutshanje ngo-2013, esinye isifo semasisi esibandakanya iimeko ezingama-58 saba sesona sikhulu esixekweni ukusukela ngo-1992, phantse ishumi leminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kupheliswe imasisi, kwaye kwabiza isixeko iidola ezingama-400,000 ukusiqulatha.

Isizathu sokuba abazali bangagomi eNew York

Uninzi lwabantu endithethe nabo ngeli bali babengenaxhala malunga nokhuseleko lwesitofu kwaye bagonye ngolonwabo iintsapho zabo. Uluvo oluninzi lwelokuba akukho sizathu senkolo sokunqanda amayeza okugonya.

"Ngokwembono yenkolo, abantu kufuneka bagonywe," uRabbi David Niederman, umlawuli olawulayo kunye nomongameli we-United Jewish Organisations of Williamsburg, wandixelela. Endaweni yoko, abantu banoxanduva lokukhusela iintsapho zabo kunye nabona basemngciphekweni kwiindawo abahlala kuzo. "Nantoni na eyenza umonakalo - kufuneka wenze nantoni na onokuyenza ukuze [uphephe] loo nto."

Nangona kunjalo igunya likaRabhi, kunye nengxoxo malunga nokuphepha ukwenzakaliswa, isetyenziswa ngabakhankasi be-anti-vaccine njengesithuthi sokusasaza ulwazi olungeyonyani.

Khawucinge ngebali likaRachel, * umYuda ongumOthodoki eBrooklyn. Xa umntwana wakhe omdala wayeneenyanga ezili-18 ubudala, weza nosana lwakhe kugqirha ukuze bafumane isitofu sokugonya i-MMR. Kungekudala emva koko, intombazana yehla inomkhuhlane oye wenyuka waya kwi-106 kwaye ekugqibeleni kwafuneka ilaliswe esibhedlele.

“Ugqirha uthe akukho kunxulumana nesitofu sokugonya,” ukhumbula oku umama wabantwana abasixhenxe, osusela kwiinyanga ezili-11 ukuya kwi-15 leminyaka ubudala. Kodwa uRakeli wayethandabuza. Emva koko, waphawula ukuba intombi yakhe yayisoloko igula. “Ukosuleleka kweendlebe, iintsholongwane. Bendihlala kwiofisi kagqirha.” Wayecinga ukuba izitofu zinokuba ngunobangela.

Ke wafunda ngokufowunelwa kwiiphecana ze-PEACH, wabukela uxwebhu oluchasene nogonyo uVaxxed, kwaye wathetha nabamelwane bakhe kwindawo yakhe yamaYuda e-Brooklyn Orthodox.

“Oorabhi abacinga ukuba izitofu zokugonya yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina iprofayile ephantsi,” watsho, “kodwa ndingakuthiya iqela labo.”

Wayefunda yaye eve ngezinto ezimkhathazayo. Izitofu kwizitofu zokugonya azibonakali zikhuselekile okanye zisempilweni, kwaye weva amarhe kubamelwane abanabantwana abane-autism kanye nje emva kokudutyulwa kwabo. (Kwirekhodi, idatha kumawakawaka abantu kwisiqingatha senkulungwane edlulileyo ifumene amayeza okugonya akhuseleke kakhulu kwaye ayasebenza.)

Ngoko ukutyhubela iminyaka, uRachel uye wagonya abantwana bakhe “kancinane nangaphantsi.” Ababini abancinci bakhe abagonywanga kwaphela.

Kule mihla, phakathi kokusa abantwana bakhe esikolweni nokutshintsha amanapkeni, umama ohlala ekhaya uba nethala leencwadi ekhayeni lakhe, apho abazali banokuboleka khona iincwadi ezithetha ngesitofu sokugonya baze baxubushe ngoko bakufundayo. Ithala leencwadi libandakanya zombini iincwadi zepro- kunye ne-anti-vaccine. “Abantu bayakwazi ukufunda baze bazigqibele ngokwabo.”

Ithala lakhe leencwadi liyapapashwa kwizinto ezichasene nogonyo olusasazwa kuluntu lukaRachel, kwaye ngoku uyinxalenye yabambalwa abachasayo kugonyo-oluncede ukuba lubangele ukuqhambuka kwemasisi ezibini kwimbali yakutshanje yase-US.

“Bekunzima kakhulu ukunqanda abazali”

Ezinye zeenkxalabo zika-Rachel zibonakaliswe kwi-Vaccine Safety Handbook, ekucingelwa ukuba yaveliswa ngaphandle kwe-Brooklyn liqela le-PEACH. (Iqela alizange livume ukuba nodliwano-ndlebe nabo ngeli bali.) Le ncwadi inomxholo othi, “Ungasoloko ugonya kamva. Awunakuze ungatofi,” amaphepha olwazi olungeyonyani malunga nezitofu zokugonya, kuqukwa nekhonkco elichaneke kakuhle noluphazamiseko, kunye neengcebiso ezivela koorabhi “ngomthetho weBhayibhile” wokuphepha ukubeka ubomi okanye impilo yomntu esichengeni — kuquka nengozi yezitofu zokugonya.

Omnye umthombo wolwazi olungachanekanga ngesitofu nguRabbi William Handler, onombono wokuba izitofu zokugonya zibangela i-autism - kwaye wabelane ngayo nabazali. “Ndibacacisela abazali ukuba amagunya ezempilo karhulumente afana [namaZiko oLawulo lweSifo noThintelo] abanamdla kumntwana ngamnye,” utshilo. Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuphepha ukwenzakala kukuphepha ukugonywa, uyacebisa. “[Abazali] abafuni ukudlala iroulethi yaseRashiya nabantwana babo. Kufana nokubingelela ngabantwana.”

Nangona uphononongo olukhulu olubandakanya amawaka abathathi-nxaxheba kumazwe aliqela lusilele ukuseka ikhonkco phakathi kwesitofu sokugonya i-MMR kunye nengxaki yophuhliso lwengqondo, ziimbono ze-autism isebe lezempilo lesiXeko saseNew York eliziva kakhulu.

"Ngelishwa inkxalabo malunga nokuba kukho naluphi na unxibelelwano luye lwathatha ixesha kwaye [ngenxa] yolwazi olungelulo, kwaye bekunzima kakhulu ukunqanda abazali," uJane Zucker, umncedisi womkomishinala wesiXeko saseNew York kwiziko logonyo, uxelele uVox. “Siyeva ukuba bafuna ukulinda umntwana ade abe mdala ukuze bazi ukuba umntwana akanaluphazamiseko, emva koko bagonywe umntwana.”

Umceli mngeni wokuchasana neentetho ezichasene nesitofu kwiindawo ezizimeleyo

ILizwana laseNew York alibavumeli abazali ukuba bangavumi ukugonywa ngenxa yezizathu zentanda-bulumko, nangona abazali benokufumana ukukhululwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo nezonqulo. Xa abantwana befika esikolweni, kufuneka babonise ubungqina bokuba abantwana babo baye bagonywa, ngaphandle kokuba banikwe uxolelo.

UZucker uthi amanqanaba okugonya kwizikolo zamaJuda kwisiXeko saseNew York ajongeka njenge-avareji, nangona izikolo zezenkolo zinekhululo lokuxolelwa kwezonqulo kunezikolo ezingezizo ezenkolo. Kwaye phambi kokuba abantwana baye esikolweni, kukho ingxaki eWilliamsburg: Inelinye lawona mazinga asezantsi okhuselo lokugonya phakathi kwabantwana abancinci, abaneminyaka eyi-19 ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-35, esixekweni.

Ngoko ayizange imangalise kuZucker into yokuba abantwana abachatshazelwa yimasisi ngoku kolu qhambuko babebancinci kakhulu ukuba babe sesikolweni. Ngokwesebe lezempilo lesixeko, iWilliamsburg kunye neBorough Park iimeko zemasisi zibandakanya kuphela abantwana abancinci, ababudala obususela kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe ukuya kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala. (U-Rockland unqabile ukunika iinkcukacha malunga nabachaphazelekayo, ekhankanya iinkxalabo zabucala.)

Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho iqela labantwana apho imithetho yogonyo lukarhulumente ingasebenziyo, kwaye abasesichengeni sezifo ezinokuthintelwa lugonyo.

“Bakuba abantwana bengenile esikolweni siyazi ukuba sinesitofu sokugonya esilungileyo,” utshilo uZucker. "Kulibaziseka, nangona kunjalo, kwaye yiyo into eyayanyaniswa nokuqhambuka."

Ukufikelela kubazali abathandabuzayo kwisitofu sokugonya akukho lula, nangona kunjalo. Isebe lezempilo likarhulumente lithumele izaziso ezikolweni nakwizibhedlele ezinabemi abaninzi bamaYuda obuOthodoki, baye bafikelela, kwaye babeka iintengiso kwaye basasaza iipowusta kumaphepha eOthodoki ngesiYiddish nangesiNgesi.

Amagosa ezempilo karhulumente kufuneka angenelele phambi kokuba uqhambuko luqale

Kodwa kufuneka bazame ngamandla, zatsho iinkokeli zabahlali, kwaye zingenelele ngaphambi kokuba kuqale uqhambuko.

“Sinomqobo wolwimi, isithintelo senkcubeko,” utshilo uRabbi Avi Greenstein, umlawuli olawulayo weBhunga loLuntu lwaseBoro Park, kwenye yeendawo ezichaphazelekayo, “kwaye kuyavakala ukuba isebe lezempilo kufuneka lifikelele [kuluntu lwethu. ].”

Emva koqhambuko, iipowusta ezingokubaluleka kwezitofu zokugonya kwisebe lezempilo likarhulumente ziya kubonakala kumaziko oluntu kunye ne-bodegas ebumelwaneni, utshilo u-Alexander Rapaport, i-CEO ye-Masbia Soup Kitchen. Kodwa, “Iiposta ezisuka esixekweni ziyasabela,” wongeze watsho, kwaye akwanelanga ukufundisa abantu ngaphambi koqhambuko.

Kwiposti kaFacebook yamva nje, uRapaport wabelane ngombono wakhe wokuba isigunyaziso sogonyo lwesixeko sinokubuyela umva. “Endaweni yokuchitha amanani okwenene ekuthengiseni nasekufundiseni bazama amaqhinga okunyanzela. Ayizukusebenza,” ubhale watsho. "Chitha imali yokwenyani kumyalezo wogonyo."

Phambi kwesigunyaziso, uqhushululu lukhokelele kuqhaqho kugonyo lwe-MMR phakathi kwabantwana esixekweni, ngokwedatha yesebe lezempilo lesiXeko saseNew York ekwindla ephelileyo.

Ke mhlawumbi imeko engxamisekileyo yezempilo iya kuba lithuba lokutshintsha iimbono zabantu. “Iya icaca ngakumbi ukuba abantu bathatha isikhundla [sokugonywa], bangabantu abangakhathaliyo, umzali ongakhathaliyo,” utshilo uGreenstein. “Lo ngumceli mngeni kuluntu.”

* Asizange sisebenzise igama lokwenene likaRachel kuba wayexhalabele ukuba ngasese yaye egxeka iimbono zakhe.

I-Autism iphelile

https://www.vox.com/2018/2/27/17057990/andrew-wakefield-vaccines-autism-study

Ubuqhophololo bophando bubangele intshukumo yokuchasana nogonyo. Masingaphindi imbali.

Indlela inzululwazi ka-Andrew Wakefield eyoyikisayo eyalukhuthaza ngayo uloyiko lwesitofu sogonyo lwe-autism lokuba izifundo eziphambili ziqhubeka zidenga.

NguJulia Belluz@juliaoftoronto uhlaziywe ngoMatshi 5, 2019, 12:06pm EST

Kumashumi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo, ijenali yezonyango ebekekileyo yapapasha uphononongo oluncinane oluye lwaba lolona phando lwaziwayo nolonakalisayo kwezamayeza.

Uphononongo, olukhokelwa ngugqirha-mphandi-umphandi ngoku u-Andrew Wakefield, wabandakanya abantwana abali-12 kwaye wacebisa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwemasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nogonyo lwerubella - olulawulwa kwizigidi zabantwana kwihlabathi liphela ngonyaka - kunye ne-autism.

Uphononongo lwaye lwachithwa ngokupheleleyo. I-Lancet yalirhoxisa iphepha waza uWakefield wohluthwa iphepha-mvume lakhe lobugqirha. Abaphandi be-Autism babonise ngokugqibeleleyo kwakhona kwaye kwakhona ukuba ukuphazamiseka kokukhula akubangelwa zigonyo.

Okwangoku, iingcali zempilo yoluntu zithi idatha yobuxoki kunye nezigqibo ezigwenxa kwelo phepha, ngelixa zaliwe kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi, zincede intshukumo eyingozi yokuthandabuza isitofu kunye nokwala kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukusukela ukupapashwa kwayo, ukuqhambuka kwemasisi kuqhambuke eYurophu, eOstreliya, nase-US kwiindawo apho abantu balayo okanye boyika izitofu zokugonya. Ukwaliwa kwesitofu sokugonya kube yingxaki kangangokuba amanye amazwe aseYurophu ngoku ayawohloka, esenza amayeza okugonya ukuba anyanzeliswe kubantwana kunye nokuhlawulisa abazali abalandulayo. Ngo-2019, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi wabiza ugonyo lokugonya njengenye yezoyikiso eziphezulu kwimpilo yehlabathi.

Kodwa kukho okungakumbi ebalini. Ngelixa ujoliso lwe-WHO luka-2015 lokuphelisa imasisi lungekafikelelwa, kwaye ukwanda kwamva nje kwimasisi kunxulumene, inkqubela phambili ngokuchasene nesi sifo iqhubekile kwihlabathi jikelele. Upapasho lolunye uphononongo olukhulu oludiza ikhonkco lesitofu sokugonya kunye ne-autism, nge-5 kaMatshi kwi-Annals ye-Internal Medicine, kubonakala ngathi lixesha elilungileyo lokujonga emva kwinto ephembelela iinkxalabo zesitofu sokugonya, kwaye siqwalasele ukuba singazinqanda njani ezinye iimbono eziyingozi kuluntu. impilo ekubambeni.

Uphononongo lwesitofu sokugonya se-MMR yayiyinzululwazi ethandabuzekayo

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyazi malunga nephepha likaWakefield kukuba yayiyinzululwazi ethandabuzekayo kakhulu. Ibingafanelanga ukuba ipapashwe kwijenali yezonyango ekumgangatho ophezulu-singasathethi ke ngokufumana lonke uqwalaselo olufumeneyo emva koko.

UWakefield uzobe unxulumano phakathi kwesitofu sokugonya imasisi-mumps-rubella (MMR) kunye noluphazamiseko olusekelwe kuphononongo olubandakanya abantwana abali-12 kuphela.

Eli phepha lalikwayingxelo yetyala. Iingxelo zetyala ngamabali aneenkcukacha malunga nembali yezonyango yezigulane ezithile, kwaye - ngenxa yokuba ngamabali nje - aqwalaselwa phakathi kweentlobo ezibuthathaka zezifundo zonyango. Ukuqiniseka, ezi ngxelo zinokuba luncedo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo azibobungqina apho ufuna ukwenza amabango angqingqwa malunga nento efana nekhonkco lokugonya kunye ne-autism.

Abantwana abaninzi bane-autism kwaye phantse bonke bathatha isitofu sokugonya se-MMR. Ukufumanisa kule meko ukuba phakathi kweqela labantwana abaninzi kubo kwenzeka ukuba babe bobabini akumangalisi konke konke. Kwaye akukho ndlela yobungqina bokuba isitofu sokugonya se-MMR sibangela i-autism. (I-Wakefield ikwacebise ikhonkco phakathi kwesitofu sokugonya kunye nesifo esitsha sokukrala kwamathumbu, esiye sabizwa ngokuba "yi-autistic enterocolitis" kwaye iye yangathenjwa.)

Ngaphezu koko, xa intatheli yaseBritane engumcuphi uBrian Deer wayelandela iintsapho zomntwana ngamnye kwabali-12 kolu phando, wafumanisa ukuba, “Akukho tyala lingakhange lixelelwe gwenxa okanye litshintshwe.” Ngamanye amazwi, uWakefield, umbhali okhokelayo wengxelo yokuqala, wasebenzisa idatha yakhe. (Jonga itshathi ezivelelayo kule ngxelo ngeenkcukacha.)

I-Wakefield nayo yayinongquzulwano olukhulu lwemali yomdla. Phakathi kwabo, ngelixa wayejongela phantsi udibaniso lwesitofu sokugonya se-MMR kwaye ecebisa ukuba abazali mabanike abantwana babo izithonga ngexesha elide, wayefakela ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lokugonya isifo esinye. Ngaphezu koko, i-General Medical Council (umlawuli wezonyango wase-UK) wafumanisa ukuba wayehlawule abantwana kwitheko lokuzalwa lonyana wakhe we-10 ukuba anikele ngegazi labo kuphando lwakhe. (Ekuthatheni isigqibo sokuthatha ilayisenisi yakhe yezonyango yase-UK, i-GMC yathi uWakefield wenze "ngokungakhathali ngokungenankathalo kwintlungu kunye neentlungu abantwana abanokuzifumana.")

Ekugqibeleni, uWakefield akazange aphinde aphendule oko akufumanisileyo. Esona siseko senzululwazi kukho ingcamango yobuxoki: Isazinzulu siqhuba uvavanyo, siqokelela oko sikufumanisileyo, size sizame ukuziphikisa ngokuphindaphinda ilingelo laso kwezinye iimeko. Kuphela kuxa kwenziwe oko anokuthi azi ukuba iziphumo zakhe ziyinyaniso.

Njengoko umhleli weBMJ wabonisayo, “UWakefield unikwe ithuba elaneleyo lokuphinda oko kufunyaniswe liphepha okanye athi wenze impazamo. Walile ukwenza nokuba kunjalo. ” Ngo-2004, i-10 lababhali bakhe kwiphepha lokuqala balirhoxisa, kodwa uWakefield akazange azibandakanye nabo, kwaye uye waqhubeka nokutyhala iimbono zakhe, kuquka ukujikeleza kwiisekethe ze-anti-vaxxer kunye neencwadi zokupapasha.

Ikhonkco lesitofu sokugonya kunye ne-autism liye lachithwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo

Kolona hlalutyo lwakutsha nje, olupapashwe nge-5 kaMatshi kwi-Annals of Internal Medicine, abaphandi kwi-Statens Serum Institut e-Denmark banxulumanisa ulwazi lwesitofu sokugonya noxilongo lwe-autism, iimbali zabantakwabo zoluphazamiseko, kunye nemiba yomngcipheko we-autism kubantwana abangaphezu kwama-600,000 abazalelwa eDenmark phakathi kuka-1999. ukuya ku-2010. "Uphononongo luxhasa ngamandla ukuba ugonyo lwe-MMR alunyusi umngcipheko we-autism, alubangeli i-autism kubantwana abathintekayo, kwaye aluhambelani nokuhlanganiswa kweemeko ze-autism emva kokugonywa," abaphandi baqukumbela.

Ngaphambi koko, abaphandi ababhala kwi-JAMA bajonge abantwana abaphantse babe yi-100,000 abafumene udubulo kunye nembali yosapho lwabo lwe-autism. Abaphandi baphinda bafumanisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya se-MMR asinxulumananga nomngcipheko owongeziweyo woluphazamiseko, nkqu nabantwana abanabantakwenu abadala abanesi sifo. “Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba akukho nxulumano luyingozi phakathi kwerisithi yesitofu sokugonya se-MMR kunye ne-ASD naphakathi kwabantwana abasele besemngciphekweni omkhulu we-ASD,” baqukumbele njalo abaphandi.

Lilonke, uluvo lokuba isitofu sokugonya se-MMR sinokubangela i-autism iye yachithwa luphononongo olukhulu olubandakanya amawaka abathathi-nxaxheba kumazwe aliqela.

Kodwa yonke ingxabano ayilotyala likaWakefield kuphela

Ngoko ke, loo mbono ingekho ngqiqweni ngolo hlobo yayifumana njani impembelelo enkulu kangaka? Into yesibini ekufuneka uyazi malunga nophononongo lwesitofu sokugonya sika-Wakefield kukuba amajelo eendaba ayincedile ukuba ibe yintsholongwane.

Enye yemibhalo endiyithandayo kwi-Wakefield debacle ivela kwintatheli yaseBritane-umphandi uBen Goldacre. Kwikholamu ye-Guardian nakwincwadi yakhe ethi Bad Science, uGoldacre wachaza ukuba iintatheli zazibandakanyekile ekuncedeni ukuqhubela phambili uluvo lokuba izitofu zokugonya zibangela i-autism:

UWakefield wayesembindini wesaqhwithi seendaba malunga nesitofu sokugonya se-MMR, kwaye ngoku utyholwa ziintatheli ngokungathi nguye yedwa onempazamo. Enyanisweni, amajelo eendaba anetyala ngokufanayo.

Nokuba ibiqhutywa kakuhle - kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ibingenjalo - "ingxelo yecala" likaWakefield lee-anecdotes zeklinikhi zabantwana abali-12 ngekhe basigwebe isigqibo sokuba iMMR ibangela i-autism, nangona intatheli bezisithi: ayinayo nje inkulu. amanani aneleyo ukwenza njalo. Kodwa amajelo eendaba aye axela ngokuphindaphindiweyo iinkxalabo zale ndoda inye, ngaphandle kokunika iinkcukacha zendlela yophando, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba balufumanise luntsonkothile kakhulu, ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, okanye kuba ukwenjenjalo bekuya kulijongela phantsi ibali labo.

Thina zintatheli sisakwenza oku nanamhlanje kwimixholo emininzi yezempilo. Sinika ingxelo ngezifundo ezingatshatanga, ezihlala zingayilwanga kakuhle - nokuba azifanelanga nokuba zihoywe. Sikwagxile kakhulu kwintshukumo yokuchasana nesitofu kunye neenkxalabo zabo kunenkqubela phambili emangalisayo eyenziweyo ngokuchasene nezifo ezinokuthintelwa ngogonyo.

Inxalenye yoku inento yokwenza nendlela amagumbi eendaba asebenza ngayo: Iintatheli zithanda izinto ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezinto ezintsha endaweni yokucotha kunye nenkqubela phambili, njengoko uSteven Pinker ebonisa kwincwadi yakhe yamva nje, Ukhanyiselo ngoku. Kodwa ngokwenza oko, silahlekelwa ngumbono womfanekiso omkhulu.

Ugonyo, amanqaku kaPinker, abaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili esiyenzileyo kwinkulungwane edlulileyo ngokuchasene nokufa kunye nezifo. Ukufunyaniswa kokudubula kwe-smallpox, umzekelo, kwanceda ukuguqula isifo esibuhlungu nesibuhlungu - esabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 kwinkulungwane yama-20 - ukuba ibe yinto yexesha elidlulileyo. (I-Smallpox kuphela kwesifo esiye sapheliswa ebantwini, kwaye imeko yokugqibela yavela eSomalia ngo-1977.)

Kutshanje, ukususela ngowe-1990, ukusweleka kwabantwana ngenxa yezifo ezosulelayo ezifana ne-HIV nemasisi (ewe, imasisi!) kuye kwaqhubeka ukwehla ehlabathini lonke, ngenxa yezitofu zokugonya kunye neendlela zokuthintela usulelo. Jonga nje le tshathi yamva nje evela kumaZiko aseMelika oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo:

Ibonisa ukuba ukusweleka kwemasisi ngokugonywa kuqhubekile ukwehla kwihlabathi liphela ngeminyaka yoo-2000. “Okokuqala ngqa,” ifundeka le ngxelo, “unyaka oqikelelwa ukuba ubhubhani wemasisi ubengaphantsi kwe-100,000, ngo-2016.”

Izehlo zemasisi e-US kule minyaka yakutsha nje zibambe ngokuthe gqolo okoko esi sifo sapheliswayo apha ngo-2000 (ithetha ukuba ayisenangxaki). Le mihla, ukuqhambuka kwenzeka xa abahambi bebuyela kwiindawo ezingagonywanga - njengokuqhambuka kwe-2014 phakathi koluntu lwase-Amish olungagonywanga e-Ohio.

Kwakhona, inkqubela-phambili echasene nemasisi yenzeka ngenxa yeenkonzo zogonyo eziye zanda ngokufumaneka apha nakwamanye amazwe. Ukususela ngowama-2000, malunga ne-5.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedosi zogonyo olunemasisi ziye zanikwa abantwana, nto leyo esindisa ubomi obuqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-20.4. Ke elona galelo linamandla kumlo ochasene nezifo ezithintelwa ngogonyo yayiyisayensi, uPinker uyasikhumbuza. Masingayilibali loo nto ngokugxila kakhulu kwinzululwazi embi.

Kodwa ngokwenene ukumisa ukusasazeka kwenzululwazi ethandabuzekayo kuya kufuna okungaphezulu kunokuphuhlisa amajelo eendaba athandabuzayo ngakumbi. Njengoko bendikhe ndabhala ngaphambili, kufuneka kwakhona kubandakanye ukucinga malunga nendlela yokuthintela inzululwazi embi ukuba iqale kwasekuqaleni ngokufundisa abantu abatsha kwizakhono zokucinga nzulu.

Ukudala imikhosi yababonisi besayensi ababi-abanokuthi babone ngokulula isifundo esenziwe ngobuchule-yeyona ndlela yodwa yokuzitofa ngokuchasene nenye i-wakefield debacle.

Abachasi bokuqhomfa baqhankqalazela ukusetyenziswa kogonyo lwe-COVID-19 lweeseli ezingekazalwa

NguMeredith Wadman Jun. 5, 2020 , 6:15 PM

Indlela yokwenza isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 ijongana nemiba enzima yeenqobo ezisesikweni

Iinkokeli eziphezulu zamaKhatholika e-United States naseCanada, kunye namanye amaqela achasene nokuqhomfa, aphakamisa inkcaso ekuthembiseni ugonyo lwe-COVID-19 oluye lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iiseli eziphuma kwimveku yabantu eye yaqhomfa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Abakhange bafune ukuvala inkxaso-mali karhulumente yezitofu zokugonya, ezibandakanya izitofu zokugonya ezimbini ezicwangciswe ngulawulo lukaTrump ukuxhasa notyalo-mali oluya kuthi ga kwi-1.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kunye nomgqatswa wesithathu owenziwe yinkampani yaseTshayina ngokubambisana noPhando lweSizwe lwaseCanada. IBhunga (NRC). Kodwa babongoza abaxhasi ngezimali kunye nabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba baqinisekise ukuba iinkampani ziphuhlisa ezinye izitofu ezingathembekanga kwimigca yeeseli zomntwana kwaye, e-United States, bacela urhulumente ukuba "akhuthaze" iifemu ukuba zenze kuphela izitofu ezingathembeli kumntwana ongekazalwa. iiseli.

"Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu baseMelika bafikelele kwisitofu sokugonya esiveliswa ngokwemigaqo yokuziphatha: akukho Merika kufuneka inyanzeliswe ukuba ikhethe phakathi kokugonyelwa le ntsholongwane inokubulala kunye nokunyhasha isazela sakhe," amalungu eNkomfa yaseMelika yooBhishophu bamaKatolika kunye nama-20. eminye imibutho yonqulo, yezonyango, nezopolitiko echasa ukuqhomfa yabhalela uStephen Hahn, umkomishinala we-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ngoAprili. “Enkosi, ezinye izitofu [ze-COVID-19]…

UBhishophu Omkhulu waseWinnipeg uRichard Gagnon, umongameli weNkomfa yooBhishophu bamaKatolika ali-17, kunye namanye ali-21 amaqela onqulo, ezonyango nawezobupolitika achasene nokuqhomfa. kunye nabantu ngabanye kwi-XNUMX May ileta eya kwiNkulumbuso uJustin Trudeau. "Ukwenziwa kwezitofu zokugonya kusetyenziswa iiseli zomntu ezingcoliswe ngokuziphatha kubonisa ukungabi nantlonelo okunzulu kwesidima somntu."

I-FDA kunye namagosa aphezulu e-White House awazange aphendule kwii-imeyile ezicela izimvo kwileta eya kuHahn. ECanada, isebe lezempilo lithembise ukuphendula ileta eya kuTrudeau, utshilo uMoira McQueen, umlawuli olawulayo weCanadian Catholic Bioethics Institute kunye nomsayini okhokelayo kule leta.

Iiseli ezithathwe ekuqhoshweni okukhethiweyo zisetyenzisiwe ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960s ukwenza amayeza okugonya, kuquka amayeza angoku okugonya irubella, irhashalala, ihepatitis A, kunye neshingles. Zikwasetyenziswa ukwenza amayeza avunyiweyo ngokuchasene nezifo ezibandakanya i-hemophilia, isifo samathambo, kunye ne-cystic fibrosis. Ngoku, amaqela ophando kwihlabathi liphela asebenzela ukuphuhlisa ngaphezu kwe-130 izitofu zokugonya ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19, ngokutsho koMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi; Abali-10 bangene kwizilingo zoluntu ukusukela nge-2 kaJuni.

Ubuncinci izitofu ezihlanu zogonyo lwe-COVID-19 zisebenzisa enye yeeseli ezimbini zomntwana ongekazalwa: HEK-293, umgca weeseli zezintso osetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando nakushishino ophuma kwimveku engekazalwa malunga no-1972; kunye ne-PER.C6, i-cell line yomnini ka-Janssen, i-subsidiary ka-Johnson & Johnson, iphuhliswe kwiiseli ze-retinal ukusuka kwi-fetus eneveki ye-18 ubudala ephuhliweyo ngo-1985. Eb kwiYunivesithi yaseLeiden. Izitofu ezimbini kwezintlanu ziye zangena kulingo lwabantu (jonga itheyibhile, engezantsi).

Kwizitofu ezine zogonyo, iiseli zomntwana ongekazalwa zisetyenziswa njenge “fektri” encinci ukwenza ubuninzi be-adenoviruses, ekhubazekileyo ukuze ingakwazi ukuphinda-phinda, ezisetyenziswa njengezithuthi zokuthutha imizila yemfuza evela kwinoveli coronavirus ebangela i-COVID-19. Xa ii-adenoviruses zinikwa njengesitofu sokugonya, iiseli zabamkeli ziqala ukuvelisa iiproteni ezisuka kwi-coronavirus, ngethemba lokudala impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba.

Isitofu sokugonya sesihlanu, esibonise isithembiso kwiinkawu kwaye sibhekisa kulingo lwabantu ngokukhawuleza nje kweli hlobo, siyinto eyaziwa ngokuba sisitofu sokugonya seprotein. Abaphandi kwiDyunivesithi yasePittsburgh basebenzisa iiseli ze-HEK-293 ukwenza iprotein ye-spike ye-coronavirus-inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesakhiwo sayo-esetyenziselwa ukubangela ukuphendula komzimba. Isitofu sokugonya sihanjiswa ngebala lesikhumba elineenaliti ezincinci ezingama-400.

Imigca yeseli yomntwana ingundoqo ekuveliseni zombini iindidi zesitofu sokugonya. “I-HEK-293 [iiseli] zibalulekile ekwenzeni amayeza okugonya angaphantsi kweeprotheyini,” utsho uAndrea Gambotto, isazinzulu sesitofu sokugonya kwiYunivesithi yasePittsburgh School of Medicine kunye nomphuhlisi ophambili wesitofu sokugonya. Imvelaphi yazo njengomntu ibalulekile, uthi: “Iiseli zezilwanyana [ezingezozamntu] eziphuculweyo zinokuvelisa iiproteni ezifanayo, kodwa beziya kuhonjiswa ngeemolekyuli zeswekile ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezithi—kwimeko yokugonya—zibeke esichengeni sokusilela ukuvelisa iimolekyuli zeswekile ezomeleleyo. impendulo ethile yomzimba. (Phakathi kwabaphuhlisi bezitofu zokugonya ezintlanu, yiGambotto kuphela ephendule isicelo sokuphawula.)

UDavid Prentice, usekela mongameli kunye nomlawuli wophando kwiZiko leCharlotte Lozier, elichasa ukuqhomfa, uthi abaphandi abenza amayeza okugonya i-adenovirus baye baguqula iiseli ze-HEK-293 ukuze zibe nobuchule ekupakisheni iijene ezintsha-ezifana nezo zalathisa iiseli ukuba zihlanganise iprotein ye-coronavirus spike- kwi-adenoviruses. Kodwa wongeza ukuba obunye ubuchwephesha buyafumaneka, kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iiseli ezithathwe kwi-amniocentesis ezenzelwe ukwenza i-adenoviruses engakwaziyo ukuphindaphinda.

"Ukusetyenziswa kweeseli ezivela kwi-fetus eqhotyoshwe ngokuzikhethela kwimveliso yogonyo zenza ezi nkqubo zintlanu zogonyo lwe-COVID-19 zingabikho sikweni, kuba zixhaphaza abantu abamsulwa abakhutshiweyo," uPrentice kunye nombhali-mbhali-isazi sebhayoloji uJames Sherley, iZiko leLozier. isifundiswa kunye nomlawuli wenkampani ye-cell stem cell Asymmetrex-ubhale kwi-position paper epapashwe kwinyanga ephelileyo.

Kodwa uArthur Caplan, isazi ngebioethicist kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York School of Medicine, uthi: “Kukho iindlela ezilunge ngakumbi zokuphumelela kwiimfazwe zokuqhomfa kunokuxelela abantu ukuba bangasebenzisi iyeza lokugonya. Oku kuqhomfa ixesha elide. Ezi zisele zineminyaka engamashumi eminyaka ubudala, yaye kwaneenkokeli zonqulo eziphambili ezinjengopopu ziye zavuma ukuba ukuze kulunge ngakumbi akufanelanga kufuziselwe ukubeka uluntu esichengeni.”

IVatican's Pontifical Academy for Life yabhengeza ngo-2005 yaza yaphinda yaqinisekisa ngo-2017 ukuba, xa zingekho ezinye iindlela, amaKatolika anokuthi, ngezazela ezikhululekileyo, afumane amayeza ogonyo olwenziwa kusetyenziswa iiseli zamandulo ezingekazalwa.

Isitofu sokugonya esenziwe yinkampani yaseTshayina iCanSino Biologics yayisisitofu sokuqala se-COVID-19 ukungena kwisigaba sesi-II solingo lwabantu. Yaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa iiseli ze-HEK-293 ezilungelelanisiweyo ezigunyaziswe yinkampani kwi-NRC yaseCanada, apho iiseli zaphuhliswa khona. (Iiseli ze-HEK-293 eziphuhlisiwe ze-NRC sele zisetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya i-Ebola.) Kwinyanga ephelileyo, i-NRC ibhengeze intsebenziswano kunye neCanSino Biologics phantsi kwayo ilungiselela ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zokugonya eCanada, kunye nesikali. ukunyusa amaziko okuvelisa isitofu sokugonya ngokobuninzi.

Ezi zitofu zimbini ezixhaswa yi-US ezitsalele ukugxekwa kumaqela achasene nokuqhomfa zikuluhlu olufutshane lwabagqatswa ekujoliswe kubo ekufumaneni inkxaso yezemali neyokusebenza kurhulumente wase-US phantsi kwe-White House's Operation Warp Speed, ejonge ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kobuncinci. iyeza elinye le-COVID-19 ngoJanuwari ka-2021, ngokwengxelo ye-3 kaJuni kwiNew York Times.

Omnye wabaviwa be-Warp Speed, owenziwe nguJanssen Research & Development, usebenzisa iiseli ze-PER.C6. Okwesibini, ukusuka kubaphandi beYunivesithi yaseOxford kunye ne-AstraZeneca, isebenzisa iiseli ze-HEK-293. Bobabini baye bafumana izibophelelo zikaRhulumente wase-US, ngokulandelanayo, i-$ 456 yezigidi kunye ne-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ukuba badibana neziganeko ezibalulekileyo, nge-Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority (BARDA).

Esinye isitofu sokugonya esixhomekeke kwi-HEK-293, siphuhliswa ziinkampani ezimbini ezizezenzululwazi kunye nosomashishini uPatrick Soon-Shiong, wenza ngaphambili, uluhlu olude lwe-Warp Speed ​​lwabaviwa abali-14 abathembisayo, ngokutsho koshicilelo oluvela kwenye yeenkampani, iNantKwest. .

UPrentice uthi: “Njengoko bekhetha—i-BARDA ne-Warp Speed ​​people—uluphi ugonyo abafanele baqhubele phambili nalo, ubuncinane bafanele baqonde ukuba kukho inxenye yabemi abangathanda olunye ugonyo abanokulusebenzisa ngesazela esilungileyo.”

UCaplan akavumi. “Ukuba uzakuthi urhulumente makangazixhasi izinto ezichaswa ligcuntswana labantu, uya kuba noluhlu olude kakhulu lwezinto ezingayi kuxhaswa ngurhulumente, ukusuka kuphando lwezixhobo zemfazwe ukuya kuphando lokuthintela ukukhawula. .”

Ulawulo lukaTrump luthintele ukusetyenziswa kwezicubu zomntwana ongekazalwa ekuqhoshweni okukhethiweyo kuphando lwebhayoloji. Ngomnye unyaka odlulileyo, yamkela umgaqo-nkqubo ovimbela abaphandi kwiiZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo (i-NIH) ekusebenziseni izicubu ze-fetal ukusuka ekuqhoshweni okukhethiweyo kwizifundo zabo. Kwaye ibeke umaleko owongezelelweyo wophononongo kwiinzululwazi ezingezizo ze-NIH ezifuna inkxaso-mali ye-arhente ukwenza uphando zisebenzisa izicubu ezinjalo. Kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo awuzange umise naliphi na iqela ekusebenziseni amashumi eminyaka ubudala imigca yeseli yomntwana efana ne-HEK-293 kunye ne-PER.C6.

Zisebenza njani izitofu ze-mRNA ezivela kwiPfizer kunye neModerna, kutheni ziyimpumelelo kwaye kutheni kufuneka zigcinwe zibanda kangaka

NgoNovemba 18, 2020 8.19am EST
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UMququzeleli weProjekthi yeSanjay Mishra kunye noNzululwazi waBasebenzi, iZiko lezoNyango leYunivesithi yaseVanderbilt, kwiYunivesithi yaseVanderbilt
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USanjay Mishra ufumana inkxaso-mali (P30 CA068485) kwiZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo ngomqeshi wakhe.
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IYunivesithi yaseVanderbilt ibonelela ngenkxaso-mali njengeqabane eliseka iNgxoxo yase-US.

Njengoko imozulu iphola, inani losulelo lobhubhani we-COVID-19 linyuka kakhulu. Ukudinwa kukudinwa ngubhubhane, imiqobo yezoqoqosho kunye nokungavisisani kwezopolitiko, amagosa ezempilo azabalazela ukulawula ubhubhane. Kodwa ngoku, uhlalutyo olukhawulezileyo lwethutyana oluvela kwiinkampani zamayeza iModernaand Pfizer/BioNTech likhuthaze ithemba lokuba uhlobo lwenoveli yesitofu sokugonya esenziwe kumthunywa i-RNA, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mRNA, inokubonelela ngamanqanaba aphezulu okhuseleko ngokuthintela i-COVID-19 phakathi kwabantu abagonyiweyo.

Nangona zingapapashwanga, ezi ngxelo zokuqala zigqithile kulindelo lweengcali ezininzi zogonyo, kuquka nesam. Kuze kube ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ndisebenze ekuphuhliseni abaviwa bokugonya iZika kunye nedengue. Ngoku ndiququzelela iinzame zamazwe ngamazwe zokuqokelela iingxelo ngabaguli abadala abanomhlaza wangoku okanye wangaphambili nabo bafunyaniswe bene-COVID-19.

Iziphumo zokuqala ezithembisayo

UModerna uxele ukuba ngexesha lenqanaba lesithathu lophononongo lomgqatswa wogonyo lwe-mRNA-3, olubhalise abantu abadala abangama-1273 base-US, zintlanu kuphela iimeko ezingama-30,000 ze-COVID-95 ezenzeke phakathi kwabo bagonyiweyo, ngelixa usulelo ezingama-19 zachongwa kwiqela le-placebo. Oku kuhambelana nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-90%. Akukho namnye kwisigulana esosulelweyo esaye safumana isitofu sokugonya esiye sakhula kakhulu i-COVID-94.5, ngelixa i-19 (11%) labo bafumana i-placebo benjenjalo.

Ngokufanayo, umgqatswa wokugonyela i-Pfizer-BioNTech, i-BNT162b2, isebenze ngama-90% ekuthinteleni usulelo ngexesha lesigaba sesi-3 solingo lwezonyango, olubhalise abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-43,538, kunye nama-30% e-US kunye nama-42% aphesheya.

Sisebenza njani isitofu sokugonya se-mRNA?

Izitofu zokugonya ziqeqesha umxokomezelo wokhuselo lomzimba ukuqaphela indawo ebangela isifo yentsholongwane. Izitofu zokugonya ngokwesiko zineentsholongwane ezibuthathaka okanye iiproteni ezicociweyo zentsholongwane.

Kodwa isitofu sokugonya se-mRNA sahlukile, kuba endaweni yokuba atofwe iprotein yentsholongwane, umntu ufumana imathiriyeli yemfuza - i-mRNA - efaka iprotheni yentsholongwane. Xa le miyalelo yofuzo itofwe kwingalo ephezulu, iiseli zezihlunu ziguqulela ukuba zenze iprotheni yentsholongwane ngqo emzimbeni.

Le ndlela ilinganisa into eyenziwa yi-SARS-CoV-2 kwindalo - kodwa isitofu sokugonya i-mRNA sijonga kuphela isiqwenga esibalulekileyo seprotein yentsholongwane. Oku kunika umxokomezelo wokhuselo lomzimba umboniso wendlela ekhangeleka ngayo intsholongwane yokwenyani ngaphandle kokubangela izifo. Lo mboniso unika amajoni omzimba ixesha lokuyila amajoni omzimba anamandla anokuphelisa intsholongwane yokwenyani ukuba umntu ukhe wosuleleka.

Ngelixa le mRNA yokwenziwa iyinto yofuzo, ayinako ukudluliselwa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Emva kwesitofu se-mRNA, le molekyuli ikhokela ukuveliswa kweprotheyini ngaphakathi kweeseli ze-muscle, ezifikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu kwii-24 kwiiyure ze-48 kwaye zinokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Kutheni le nto ukwenza isitofu sokugonya se-mRNA sikhawuleza kangaka?

Uphuhliso lwesitofu sogonyo lwesintu, nangona lufundwe kakuhle, lutya ixesha kwaye alunakuphendula ngoko nangoko ngokuchasene nobhubhani obufana ne-COVID-19.

Umzekelo, kumkhuhlane wonyaka, kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu ukusuka ekuchongeni uhlobo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ojikelezayo ukuvelisa isitofu sokugonya. Intsholongwane yesitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane ikhuliswa malunga neeveki ezintathu ukuvelisa intsholongwane engumxube, engenabungozi kwaye ikwazi ukukhula ngcono kumaqanda ezikhukukazi. Intsholongwane engumxube ithi ke itofwe kumaqanda amaninzi achumileyo ize ifukanywe kangangeentsuku ezininzi ukwenza iikopi ezininzi. Emva koko ulwelo oluqulethe intsholongwane luvunwa emaqandeni, iintsholongwane zokugonya ziyabulawa, kwaye iiproteni zentsholongwane ziyacocwa kwiintsuku ezininzi.

Izitofu zokugonya ze-mRNA zinokutsiba imiqobo ekuphuhliseni izitofu zokugonya zemveli ezinjengokuvelisa iintsholongwane ezingosuleliyo, okanye ukuvelisa iiproteni zentsholongwane kumanqanaba onyango afuna ubunyulu.

Izitofu zokugonya ze-MRNA zisusa uninzi lwenkqubo yokuvelisa kuba endaweni yokuba neeproteni zentsholongwane zitofwe, umzimba womntu usebenzisa imiyalelo ukwenza iiproteni zentsholongwane ngokwazo.

Kwakhona, iimolekyuli ze-mRNA zilula kakhulu kuneeprotheyini. Kugonyo, i-mRNA yenziwa ngekhemikhali endaweni yebhayoloji synthesis, ngoko ikhawuleza kakhulu kunesiqhelo isitofu sokugonya ukuba siyilwe ngokutsha, sinyuswe kwaye siveliswe ngobuninzi.

Ngapha koko, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba ikhowudi yemfuza ye-SARS-CoV-2 intsholongwane ifumaneka, ikhowudi ye-mRNA yovavanyo lwesitofu sokugonya yayisele ilungile. Eyona nto inomtsalane kukuba nje ukuba izixhobo zokugonya ze-mRNA zisebenze, i-mRNA inokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwezinye iindyikityha zexesha elizayo.

Ziziphi iingxaki nge-mRNA?

Itekhnoloji ye-MRNA ayiyonto intsha. Kwaboniswa okwethutyana emva kokuba xa i-mRNA yokwenziwa itofwe kwisilwanyana, iiseli zinokuvelisa iprotein efunwayo. Kodwa inkqubela yahlala icotha. Kungenxa yokuba i-mRNA ayaziwa nje ngokungazinzanga kwaye kulula ukuthotywa ibe ngamacandelo amancinci, ikwatshatyalaliswa ngokulula lukhuselo lomzimba womntu, olwenza ukuba ukunikezelwa koko kujoliswe kuko kungasebenzi kakuhle.

Kodwa ukuqala ngo-2005, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba bazinzisa njani i-mRNA kwaye bayipakishe ibe ngamasuntswana amancinci ukuyihambisa njengesitofu sokugonya. Izitofu zokugonya ze-mRNA COVID-19 kulindeleke ukuba zibe zezokuqala zisebenzisa obu buchwepheshe ukuvunywa yi-FDA.

Emva kweminyaka elishumi yomsebenzi, izitofu zokugonya ze-mRNA ngoku zilungele ukuvavanywa. Oogqirha baya kujonga ukuphendulwa komzimba okungalindelekanga, okunokuba luncedo kwaye kube yingozi.

Kutheni ugcine i-mRNA supercold?

Owona mceli mngeni ubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwesitofu sokugonya se-mRNA kuhlala kukungazinzi kwayo, kuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba yahlukane ngaphezu kwamaqondo obushushu aqhaqhazelisa amazinyo.

Ukuguqulwa kweebhloko zokwakha ze-mRNA kunye nophuhliso lwamasuntswana anokuthi akhuphe ngokukhuselekileyo ngokukhuselekileyo ancede abaviwa be-mRNA. Kodwa olu didi lutsha lwesitofu sokugonya lusafuna iimeko zesikhenkcisi ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili ukuze zisasazwe kwaye zilawulwe.

Ziziphi iimfuno zesikhenkcisi?

Isitofu sokugonya se-Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA siya kufuneka sigcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo ku-minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit kwaye siya kuthotywa malunga neentsuku ezintlanu kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo angaphezulu kancinane komkhenkce.

[Fumana iinyani malunga ne-coronavirus kunye nophando lwamva nje. Bhalisela incwadana yeendaba yeNgxoxo.]

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iModerna ithi iyeza layo lokugonya linokugcinwa kuninzi lwekhaya okanye ubushushu befriji yezonyango ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuze kuthunyelwe ngenqanawa kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide. IModerna ikwabanga ukuba iyeza layo lokugonya linokuhlala lizinzile kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zefriji, ze-36 ukuya kwi-46 degrees Fahrenheit, ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-30 emva kokunyibilika, kwishelufu yeenyanga ezintandathu.

Akumangalisi ukuba, iPfizer ikwaphuhlisa izikhongozeli zokuthumela ngenqanawa zisebenzisa umkhenkce owomileyo ukulungisa imiqobo yokuthumela ngenqanawa.

Ngaba isitofu sokugonya se-coronavirus senziwe kwimigca yeeseli zomntwana?

Nge-Arhente yeNdaba yamaKatolika
Ithunyelwe: 7/31/2020

Ibhinqa libonisa ibhotile encinci ebhalwe "Vaccine COVID-19" kulo mfanekiso ngo-Epreli 10, 2020. Ifoto ye-CNS / Dado Ruvic, Reuters

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EWashington, DC (CNA) -Njengoko iprototypes yesitofu sokugonya i-coronavirus isondela ekuvavanyeni nasekuvunyweni, amanye amaKhatholika axoxa ngemithombo yokuziphatha emva komgqatswa ophambili wogonyo.

Umongameli uDonald Trump ubhengeze i-27 kaJulayi ukuba isitofu sokugonya i-mRNA-1273, esiyilwe yinkampani ye-biotechnology iModerna kunye neZiko leSizwe le-Allergy kunye neZifo ezosulelayo (NIAID), lingene kwisigaba sesi-3 solingo lwezonyango. Isitofu sokugonya kungekudala siza kuvavanyelwa ukhuseleko, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba sinokuyithintela ngempumelelo i-COVID-19 kwiidosi ezimbini.

UGqr. Anthony Fauci, umlawuli we-NIAID kunye nomcebisi wezempilo we-White House, uthe ngoMvulo isitofu sokugonya “ngokungxamisekileyo” siyafuneka “ukulawula lo bhubhani,” kodwa ukwalumkisile kwezi ntsuku zidlulileyo ukuba, ngaphandle kwenkqubela ekhawulezileyo, isitofu sokugonya sisenokungabikho. ifumaneka ngokubanzi kude kube ziinyanga ezininzi ukuya ku-2021.

Ulawulo lukaTrump luxhasa ngemali abagqatswa bogonyo njengenxalenye ye “Operation Warp Speed,” yenza utyalo-mali kubagqatswa bogonyo abavela eNovavax, Moderna, AstraZeneca, naseJanssen. Ikwatyala imali eyi-1.95 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngePfizer ukuququzelela ukuhanjiswa kweedosi ezizigidi ezili-100 emva kokuba isitofu sokugonya siphuhlisiwe.

UFauci uthe nge-27 kaJulayi ukuba uvavanyo lwangethuba lwesitofu sokugonya iModerna lubonisa ukuba "lukhuselekile kwaye lukhuselekile."

Ngelixa imfuno yesitofu sokugonya ingxamisekile, imibuzo iphakanyiswe ngabameli bobomi malunga nomgqatswa weModerna, kunye nophuhliso lweenqobo ezisesikweni-ngokukodwa, ukuba ivavanyiwe kusetyenziswa umgca weseli yomntwana othathwe kusana oluqhoshiweyo.

I-Charlotte Lozier Institute, ingalo yophando ye-pro-life Uluhlu lukaSusan B. Anthony, idwelise isitofu sokugonya iModerna phakathi "kweenkqubo zokugonya ze-CoV-19 ezingenakuphikiswa," kunye neeprojekthi zophuhliso ezivela kwi-Inovio Pharmaceuticals, iSanofi kunye neTranslate Bio, iPfizer kunye I-BioNTech, i-Novavax, kunye ne-Merck/IAVI.

Ngokutsho kwe-CLI, abaviwa ababini bokugonya bayimveliso yeenkqubo ezingekho mthethweni - ezo ziphuhliswa yiYunivesithi yaseOxford kunye ne-Astrazeneca, kunye noJohnson noJohnson kunye noJanssen Res. kunye neDeveli., Inc.

Kumbuzo ocacileyo wokuba ingaba iyeza leModerna liyaveliswa na kwiiseli ezikhethiweyo zokuqhomfa, uGqr. John Brehany, umlawuli wobudlelwane kwiziko kwiZiko leSizwe lamaKhatholika eBioethics, uthe "kubonakala ngathi impendulo ayikho."

Izitofu zokugonya zisebenzisa uhlobo olubuthathaka lwesifo, esikhule kwimizila yeeseli zaselabhoratri, ukuze zitofelwe umntu ngokuchasene nesi sifo. Ngezinye izitofu zokugonya eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nezo zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nerhashalala kunye nemasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella (MMR), iiseli zeentsana eziye zaqhomfa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo zisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa izifo ezibuthathaka.

Kukwaxelwa ukuba kunjalo kwezinye izitofu zokugonya ze-coronavirus kuphuhliso, olufana nolunye olusetyenzwe yiYunivesithi yaseOxford kunye ne-Astrazeneca, exhomekeke kwimizila yeeseli ze-HEK-239 ukusuka kusana olwaqhomfa eNetherlands ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Le nkqubo ikwaxhaswa ngemali ngulawulo lukaTrump "Isantya sokuSebenza seWarp."

Kodwa isitofu sokugonya seModerna sisebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunezitofu ezininzi zokugonya. Indlela yayo yokuhlanjululwa "ayisekelwanga ekusebenziseni iiseli nonke kwimveliso," kusho uBrehany.

Ugonyo lweModerna luxhomekeke kwiprotein ye-spike evela kwa-SARS-CoV-2 ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies kumamkeli, endaweni yenguqulelo ebuthathaka yesi sifo.

Ulandelelwano lwemfuza ye-spike protein yamiselwa ukuba ibe ngumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wokuvelisa isitofu sokugonya.

Izazinzulu ezingezizo ezeModerna ekuqaleni zenze iivektha ze-DNA kunye nolandelelwano lwemfuza ye-spike protein, kwaye zazitofa kwiiseli ze-HEK-293 ukuvelisa iprotein ye-spike. Lo msebenzi waphononongwa kwaye wavavanywa ziingcali ze-NIAID kunye neDyunivesithi yaseTexas, ezagqiba ukuba iprotein ye-spike yayingumgqatswa olungileyo wovavanyo. UModerna akazange athathe inxaxheba kulwakhiwo lweDNA kwaye akabandakanyekanga kuvavanyo lolwakhiwo.

Ke, uBrehany uthe, ngelixa inkampani inonxulumano oluthile nokusetyenziswa kwemigca yeeseli ukusuka ekuqhoshweni okukhethiweyo, ayinaxanduva loko kusetyenziswa, kwaye isitofu sayo sokugonya asizange siveliswe kusetyenziswa ezo seli ze-HEK-293.

Uxwebhu luka-2005 oluvela kwiPontifical Academy for Life lwaqwalasela imiba yokuziphatha engqonge izitofu ezilungiselelwe kwiiseli eziphuma kwiimveku eziqhomfayo. Iqela laseVatican lafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kuvumelekile yaye kuvumelekile ukuba amaKatolika asebenzise ezi zitofu zokugonya.

Ngokubanzi, oogqirha okanye abazali ababhenela ekusebenziseni ezi zitofu zokugonya kubantwana babo, nangona beyazi imvelaphi yabo (ukuqhomfa ngokuzithandela), benza uhlobo lwentsebenziswano ekude kakhulu yezinto eziphathekayo,” yatsho i-pontifical academy.

“Umsebenzi wokuphepha ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziphathekayo awunyanzelekanga ukuba kukho inkxwaleko enkulu. Ngapha koko, sifumana, kwimeko enjalo, isizathu esilinganayo, ukuze samkele ukusetyenziswa kwezi zitofu phambi kobungozi bokuthanda ukusasazeka kwe-agent ye-pathological, ngenxa yokunqongophala kokugonywa kwabantwana, "yongezelela. .

I-pontifical academy ikwaqaphele ukuba amaKhatholika anesibophelelo sokusebenzisa izitofu zokugonya ezithathwe ngokweenqobo zokuziphatha xa zikhona, kwaye anoxanduva lokuthetha kwaye acele ukuphuhliswa kwemigca yeeseli ezintsha ezingaphunywanga kwiimveku eziphuhliweyo.

IBandla leMfundiso yoKholo lowama-2008 iDignitatis personae yalugxeka kakhulu uphando lwezicubu ezingekazalwa. I-CDF yathi abaphandi bafanele “bayale” loo nkcazelo kwanaxa “abanxibelelananga ngokusondeleyo” “nezenzo zabo baqhankqalazileyo okanye abaqhomfayo.”

“Lo msebenzi usuka kwimfuneko yokuba umntu azisuse, kwindawo yophando lwakhe, kwimeko yomthetho engekho sikweni kwaye aqinisekise ngokucacileyo ixabiso lobomi bomntu,” yatsho iCDF.

Ngokuphathelele amayeza okugonya aqhelekileyo, afana nalawo erhashalala, imasisi, uqwilikana nerubella (MMR), asenokuba athatyathwe kwiiseli zeentsana eziqhomfwayo, iVatican ithe anokusetyenziswa ngabazali ngenxa “yezizathu ezinzulu” njengengozi. kwimpilo yabantwana babo.

Omnye umbuzo weenqobo ezisesikweni osembindini wemveliso yogonyo lwe-COVID-19 sisantya esenzeka ngaso.

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lukwenza kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba i-bioethicists iphonononge isitofu sokugonya, utshilo umongameli we-NCBC uJoseph Meaney kwingxelo ye-24 kaJulayi.

"Ii-bioethicists ezilungileyo zihlala zilumkile xa uphando lwezenzululwazi luqhutyelwa phambili, kwaye nangakumbi xa impembelelo enokubakho ebantwini inokuba nzulu," watsho.

UBrehany ubethelele loo ngongoma, exelela i-CNA ukuba isitofu sokugonya kufuneka siphuhliswe kwaye sisasazwe ngemvume enolwazi kubo bonke abamkeli malunga neengozi ezinokwenzeka, ngaphandle kovavanyo kubantu abasesichengeni ngakumbi abo bahluphekayo.

Nge-17 ka-Epreli, oobhishophu abakhokelayo baseMelika babhala uStephen Hahn, umkomishinala woLawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (FDA), ecela ukuba isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 siphuhliswe ngokusesikweni.

"Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu baseMelika bafikelele kwisitofu sokugonya esiveliswa ngokusesikweni: akukho mntu waseMelika unokunyanzelwa ukuba akhethe phakathi kokugonyelwa le ntsholongwane inokuba yingozi kwaye aphule isazela sakhe," babhala njalo oobhishophu.

Le leta yatyobelwa ngoosihlalo beekomiti zoobhishophu bamaKatolika baseUnited States kwimiba exhasa ubomi, imfundiso, nobulungisa basekhaya, kunye nekomitana kwimiba yokhathalelo lwempilo. Iinkokeli zamaqela e-pro-life kunye ne-bioethics, kubandakanywa neZiko leSizwe lamaKhatholika e-Bioethics, i-Catholic Medical Association, kunye ne-American College of Pediatrician, nayo yasayina le leta.

UBrehany uthe izitofu zokugonya eziphuma kwiiseli zeentsana eziqhomfayo “ngumbandela obaluleke kakhulu wezinto eziphilayo” ekufuneka amaKristu kunye nabo baxhasa ubomi babo “bawuthathele ingqalelo.”

“Eli lixesha lokuba sikhuthaze ezinye iindlela,” utshilo malunga nemveliso yangoku yesitofu sokugonya i-COVID-19 kunye nemithombo esesikweni yogonyo.

Bamalunga nama-30,000 abantu abangenayo i-COVID-posi abaza kubhaliswa kwisigaba sesithathu sovavanyo lwesitofu sokugonya iModerna. ULawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (FDA) luya kuthi emva koko luphonononge iziphumo zovavanyo.

Ukongeza kumgqatswa weModerna, uTrump uthe abanye abagonyo abane "kulindeleke ukuba bangene kulingo lokugqibela kwezi veki zizayo."

Bazalwana ndihambile kule nkqubo ndifuna inyani. NGENXA yokusasaza ubuxoki okanye ukusasaza iinyaniso ezingaphelelanga. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya kungekudala ziza kufuna ukuba ube nobungqina bokuba ugonyiwe ukuze ubhabhe nazo. Ngoku kufuneka ukwazi ukukwenzela isigqibo kunye nosapho lwakho kwaye ungabi naxhala lokuba awona okanye awoni.