NewsLetter 5860-025
The 1st Year of the 5th Sabbatical Cycle
The 29th year of the 120th Jubilee Cycle
The 27th day of the 6th month 5860 years after the creation of Adam
The 5th Sabbatical Cycle after the 119th Jubilee Cycle
The Sabbatical Cycle of the Red Heifer, Famine, Captivity & The 2 Witnesses
August 3, 2024
Shabbat Shalom to the Royal Family of Yehovah,
Please don’t skip over the section about the New Moon. Given all the war threats and potential scenarios we are expecting this weekend, I have shared with you what we will do in case of war.
I have wanted to share with you the history of the PLO and how they spread to Hamas and Hezbollah. At the same time, I felt it was also necessary to explain the history of Iran and Yemen so you can better understand how all of this history is converging upon Israel today. 1964 popped up a couple of times as a year of interest, but I could not connect it to anything I recognized. I share this in case one of you sees something I have not seen.
We are just two days away from the Feast of Trumpets. We do not know the Day or Hour of this Feast. This was the Hebrewism or nickname of this Feast. It was named so because you must see the new crescent moon and report it to the Temple before the Feast could be declared. Because of this you never knew if the feast was on that day or the next. You had to wait and watch. It is also for this reason that the Jews kept this Feast day for two days until the got word later on. Again they just did not know in the diaspora until word came that the moon had been seen and two witnesses reported it to the Temple.
Are you getting ready?
The Feast of Trumpets represents this year of 2024. The Feast of Trumpets is the first day of the 10 Days of Awe, concluding with the Day of Atonement. This year of 2024 is the first year of the 10 years of Awe, concluding with Satan being locked away on the Day of Atonement in 2033. One of the things we do in preparation for the Feast of Trumpets is to put on our white robes of righteousness. We are to remove sin from our lives, and we are to have it completed by the end of those 10 Days of Awe on the Day of Atonement.
I am also sharing an article about tithing with you. You are coming before Yehovah for the Feast Days. You are to be getting ready. Have you also prepared your tithe that you are to pay yourself so that you can enjoy the Feast?
Festival schedule
On Each of the Holy Days we will be teaching at 10 AM and 1 PM
On the Day of Atonement we will hold services at 1 PM only.
Coming New Moon 7th Month
Coming New Moon 7th Month
The new moon sighting to begin the 7th month on August 5th evening is going to be a difficult moon to see. This year could be a test for all of us. Will the moon be seen or not? If not, then all the Holy Days will be moved by one day. We all need to plan accordingly.
As I go to post this newsletter on Thursday evening or Friday morning, the State of Israel is expecting a very large attack on all seven fronts. We do not know what day this will take place. It is their fifth month for Devorah, New Moon Society, and Yoel HaLevi. Others, it is their sixth month. They may not see the urgency in sighting this moon with all the risks that are now involved. For us, it is an important moon sighting.
I will need all of you to watch and see if anyone sees the moon on Monday evening. All of us must fully expect Monday evening and Tuesday day to be the Feast of Trumpets and treat it as such. But because no man can know the day or the hour, we all must wait and watch and wait. We also must have two qualified witnesses. One witness is not equal to two witnesses. One witness with pictures is not two witnesses.
I will operate as though the moon will be seen Monday evening and keep this time Holy. If no one goes out to see it due to the war, then we have no witnesses and must postpone all the Holy Days. Be prepared for either situation and be ready to obey Yehovah at a moment’s notice. As soon as I know one way or the other, and it could be 24 hours later before we learn from New Moon Society, then I will notify you via email.
Although we all go out and look from various places around the world, we must see it in the Jerusalem area in order to report to the Temple. So do go out and look for the moon as a family and see who can spot it first.
You can look for the new moon which will be just below and to the side of Venus.
Here are the projected Holy Day dates if the moon is seen on the evening of August 5th, 2024.
Torah Portion
Torah Portions
We read through the entire Torah along with the Prophets and the New Testament, once over the course of 3 1/2 years. Or according to the Sabbatical Cycle which means we read it all twice over a 7-year period. This allows us to cover more in-depth rather than being rushed to cover as much as is covered on an annual basis. We allow all to comment and take part in the discussions.
Septennial Torah Portion
If you go to Torah Portion at our archived section, you can then go to the 7th year which is the 7th year of the Sabbatical Cycle, the one we are in now, as we state at the top of every News Letter. There you can scroll down to the proper date, and see that this Shabbat we could very well be midrashing about:
Genesis 27
1 Samuel 9-11
Psalm 57-58
Mark 4:24-5:34
We are in the 1st Sabbatical Cycle in 2024-2025. We go through the entire bible twice in a 7 year cycle. This means we cover the entire bible once every 3 1/2 years. It gives us more time to debate and discuss each portion we read.
If you missed last week’s exciting discoveries as we studied that section, you can go and watch past Shabbats on our media section.
Join Our Sabbath Meetings
Join Our Sabbath Meetings
There are many people in need of fellowship and who are sitting at home on the Sabbath with no one to talk to or debate with. I want to encourage all of you to join us on Shabbat, and to invite others to come and join us as well. If the time is not convenient then you can listen to the teaching and the midrash after on our YouTube channel.
What are we doing and why do we teach this way?
We are going to discuss both sides of an issue and then let you choose. It is the work of the Ruach (Spirit) to direct and to teach you.
The medieval commentator Rashi wrote that the Hebrew word for wrestle (avek) implies that Jacob was “tied”, for the same word is used to describe knotted fringes in a Jewish prayer shawl, the tzitzityot. Rashi says, “thus is the manner of two people who struggle to overthrow each other, that one embraces the other and knots him with his arms”.
Our intellectual wrestling has been replaced by a different kind of struggle. We are Wrestling with Yehovah as we grapple with His Word. It is an intimate act, symbolizing a relationship in which Yehovah and I and you are bound together. My wrestling is a struggle to discover what Yehovah expects of us, and we are “tied” to the One who assists us in that struggle.
Today, many say Israel means “Champion of God”, or better — the “Wrestler of God”.
Our Torah sessions each Shabbat teaches you and encourages you to constantly challenge, question, argue against, as well as view alternative views and explanations of the Word. In other words, we are to “wrestle with the Word” to get to the truth. Jews worldwide believe that you need to wrestle with the Word and constantly challenge Dogma, Theology, and views or else you will never get to the Truth.
We are not like most churches where “The preacher talks and everyone listens.” We encourage everyone to participate, to question and to contribute what they know on the subject being discussed. We want you to be a champion wrestler of the Word of Yehovah. We want you to wear the title of Israel, knowing that you not only know but are capable of explaining why you know the Torah to be true with logic and facts.
We have a few rules though. Let others talk and listen. There is no discussion about UFO’s Nephilim, Vaccines or conspiracy-type subjects. We have people from around the world with different world views. Not everyone cares who is the President of any particular country. Treat each other with respect as Fellow wrestlers of the word. Some of our subjects are hard to understand and require you to be mature and if you do not know, then listen to gain knowledge and understanding and hopefully wisdom. The very things you are commanded to ask Yehovah for and He gives to those who ask.
Jas 1:5 But if any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God, who gives to all liberally and with no reproach, and it shall be given to him.
We hope you can invite those who want to keep Torah to come and join us by hitting the link below. It is almost like a Torah teaching fellowship talk show with people from around the world taking part and sharing their insights and understandings.
We start off with some music and then some prayers and it’s as though you were sitting around the kitchen back in Newfoundland having a cup of coffee and all of us enjoying each other’s company. I hope you will grace us with your company someday.
Sabbath services begin at 12:30 PM EDT where we will be doing prayers songs and teaching from this hour.
Shabbat Services will begin at about 1:15 pm Eastern.
We look forward to you joining our family and getting to know us as we get to know you.
Joseph Dumond is inviting you to a scheduled Zoom meeting.
Topic: Joseph Dumond’s Personal Meeting Room
Join Zoom Meeting
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The Perpetual Calendar
The Perpetual Calendar
We have available from our website a calendar you can use to keep track of the days of the month based on when the Barley is ripe and when the moon is sighted. ALl you have to do is download it. https://sightedmoon.com/perpetual-calendar/
With the new year about to begin, you can learn about the calendar as you record it. This is a great tool to have and it is free to anyone who wants it.
History of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
History of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; Arabic: منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية Munaẓẓamat at-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīniyyah) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people; i.e. the globally dispersed population, not just those in the Palestinian territories who are represented by the Palestinian Authority.[14][15][16] Founded in 1964, it initially sought to establish an Arab state over the entire territory of the former Mandatory Palestine, advocating the elimination of the State of Israel. However, in 1993, the PLO recognized Israeli sovereignty with the Oslo I Accord, and now only seeks Arab statehood in the Palestinian territories (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) that have been militarily occupied by Israel since the 1967 Arab–Israeli War.
It is headquartered in Al-Bireh, a city in the West Bank. As the officially recognized government of the de jure State of Palestine, it has enjoyed United Nations observer status since 1974.[17][18][19] Prior to the Oslo Accords, the PLO’s militant wings openly engaged in acts of violence against Israeli civilians, both within Israel and outside of Israel.[20][21][22] Consequently, the United States designated it as a terrorist group in 1987, though a presidential waiver has permitted American–PLO contact since 1988.[23][24] Mediated talks between the Israeli government and the PLO in 1993 (the Oslo I Accord) resulted in the PLO recognizing Israel’s right to exist in peace and accepting United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, while Israel recognized the PLO as a legitimate authority representing the Palestinian people.[25] Despite the Israel–PLO Letters of Mutual Recognition, in which PLO leader Yasser Arafat renounced “terrorism and other acts of violence” against Israel, the PLO continued to engage in militant activities, particularly during the Second Intifada (2000–2005). On 29 October 2018, the PLO Central Council suspended the Palestinian recognition of Israel, and halted all forms of security and economic cooperation with Israeli authorities until Israel recognizes a Palestinian state on the pre-1967 borders.[26][27]
History and armed actions
Early actions
At its first summit meeting in Cairo in 1964, the Arab League initiated the creation of an organization representing the Palestinian people.[28] The Palestinian National Council convened in Jerusalem on 28 May 1964. After concluding the meeting, the PLO was founded on 2 June 1964. Its stated “complementary goals” were Arab unity and the liberation of Palestine.[29]
The PLO began their militancy campaign from its inception with an attack on Israel’s National Water Carrier in January 1965.[24] The group used guerrilla tactics to attack Israel from their bases in Jordan (including the West Bank), Lebanon, Egypt (Gaza Strip), and Syria.[30]
The most notable of what were considered terrorist acts committed by member organizations of the PLO were in the 1970s. The 1970 Avivim school bus massacre by the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), killed nine children, three adults and crippled 19. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the second-largest PLO faction after al-Fatah, carried out a number of attacks and plane hijackings mostly directed at Israel, most infamously the Dawson’s Field hijackings, which precipitated the Black September crisis.
In 1972, the Black September Organization carried out the Munich massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes. In 1974, members of the DFLP seized a school in Israel and killed a total of 26 students and adults and wounded over 70 in the Ma’alot massacre. The 1975, Savoy Hotel hostage situation killing 8 hostages and 3 soldiers, carried out by Fatah. The 1978, Coastal Road massacre killing 37 Israelis and wounding 76, also carried out by Fatah.
PLO operations in Jordan: 1967–1971
From 1967 to September 1970 the PLO, with passive support from Jordan, fought a war of attrition with Israel. During this time, the PLO launched artillery attacks on the moshavim and kibbutzim of Bet Shean Valley Regional Council, while fedayeen launched numerous attacks on Israeli forces. Israel raided the PLO camps in Jordan, including Karameh, withdrawing only under Jordanian military pressure.[31]
This conflict culminated in Jordan’s expulsion of the PLO to Lebanon in July 1971.
The PLO suffered a major reversal with the Jordanian assault on its armed groups, in the events known as Black September in 1970. The Palestinian groups were expelled from Jordan, and during the 1970s, the PLO was effectively an umbrella group of eight organizations headquartered in Damascus and Beirut, all devoted to armed struggle against Zionism or Israeli occupation, using methods which included direct clashing and guerrilla warfare against Israel. After Black September, the Cairo Agreement led the PLO to establish itself in Lebanon.
Lebanese Civil War: 1971–1982
In the late 1960s, and especially after the expulsion of the Palestinian militants from Jordan in Black September events in 1970–1971, Lebanon had become the base for PLO operations. Palestinian militant organizations relocated their headquarters to South Lebanon, and relying on the support in Palestinian refugee camps, waged a campaign of attacks on the Galilee and on Israeli and Jewish targets worldwide. Increasing penetration of Palestinians into Lebanese politics and Israeli retaliations gradually deteriorated the situation.
By the mid-1970s, Arafat and his Fatah movement found themselves in a tenuous position.[citation needed] Arafat increasingly called for diplomacy, perhaps best symbolized by his Ten Point Program and his support for a UN Security Council resolution proposed in 1976 calling for a two-state settlement on the pre-1967 borders.[citation needed] But the Rejectionist Front denounced the calls for diplomacy, and a diplomatic solution was vetoed by the United States.[citation needed] In 1975, the increasing tensions between Palestinian militants and Christian militias exploded into the Lebanese Civil War, involving all factions. On 20 January 1976, the PLO took part in the Damour massacre in retaliation to the Karantina massacre. The PLO and Lebanese National Movement attacked the Christian town of Damour, killing 684 civilians and forcing the remainder of the town’s population to flee. In 1976 Syria joined the war by invading Lebanon, beginning the 29‑year Syrian occupation of Lebanon, and in 1978 Israel invaded South Lebanon in response to the Coastal Road Massacre, executed by Palestinian militants based in Lebanon.
The population in the West Bank and Gaza Strip saw Arafat as their best hope for a resolution to the conflict.[citation needed] This was especially so in the aftermath of the Camp David Accords of 1978 between Israel and Egypt, which the Palestinians saw as a blow to their aspirations to self-determination.[citation needed] Abu Nidal, a sworn enemy of the PLO since 1974,[32] assassinated the PLO’s diplomatic envoy to the European Economic Community, which in the Venice Declaration of 1980 had called for the Palestinian right of self-determination to be recognized by Israel.
Opposition to Arafat was fierce not only among radical Arab groups, but also among many on the Israeli right.[citation needed] This included Menachem Begin, who had stated on more than one occasion that even if the PLO accepted UN Security Council Resolution 242 and recognized Israel’s right to exist, he would never negotiate with the organization.[33][verification needed] This contradicted the official United States position that it would negotiate with the PLO if the PLO accepted Resolution 242 and recognized Israel, which the PLO had thus far been unwilling to do. Other Arab voices had recently called for a diplomatic resolution to the hostilities in accord with the international consensus, including Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat on his visit to Washington, DC in August 1981, and Crown Prince Fahd of Saudi Arabia in his 7 August peace proposal; together with Arafat’s diplomatic maneuver, these developments made Israel’s argument that it had “no partner for peace” seem increasingly problematic. Thus, in the eyes of Israeli hard-liners, “the Palestinians posed a greater challenge to Israel as a peacemaking organization than as a military one”.[34]
After the appointment of Ariel Sharon to the post of Minister of Defense in 1981, the Israeli government policy of allowing political growth to occur in the occupied West Bank and Gaza strip changed. The Israeli government tried, unsuccessfully, to dictate terms of political growth by replacing local pro-PLO leaders with an Israeli civil administration.[35]
In 1982, after an attack on a senior Israeli diplomat by Lebanon-based Palestinian militants in Lebanon, Israel invaded Lebanon in a much larger scale in coordination with the Lebanese Christian militias, reaching Beirut and eventually resulting in ousting of the PLO headquarters in June that year. Low-level Palestinian insurgency in Lebanon continued in parallel with the consolidation of Shia militant organizations, but became a secondary concern to Israeli military and other Lebanese factions. With ousting of the PLO, the Lebanese Civil War gradually turned into a prolonged conflict, shifting from mainly PLO-Christian conflict into involvement of all Lebanese factions – whether Sunni, Shia, Druze, and Christians.
Headquarters in Tunis: 1982–1991
In 1982, the PLO relocated to Tunis, Tunisia after it was driven out of Lebanon by Israel during the 1982 Lebanon War. Following massive raids by Israeli forces in Beirut, it is estimated that 8,000 PLO fighters evacuated the city and dispersed.[36]
On 1 October 1985, in Operation Wooden Leg, Israeli Air Force F-15s bombed the PLO’s Tunis headquarters, killing more than 60 people.
It is suggested that the Tunis period (1982–1991) was a negative point in the PLO’s history, leading up to the Oslo negotiations and formation of the Palestinian Authority (PA). The PLO in exile was distant from a concentrated number of Palestinians and became far less effective.[37] There was a significant reduction in centres of research, political debates or journalistic endeavours that had encouraged an energised public presence of the PLO in Beirut. More and more Palestinians were abandoned, and many felt that this was the beginning of the end.[38]
Second Intifada: 2000–2004
The Second or Al-Aqsa Intifada started concurrently with the breakdown of July 2000 Camp David talks between Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. The Intifada never ended officially, but violence hit relatively low levels during 2005. The death toll, including both military personnel and civilians, of the entire conflict in 2000–2004 is estimated to be 3,223 Palestinians and 950 Israelis, although this number is criticized for not differentiating between combatants and civilians.[citation needed] Members of the PLO have claimed responsibility for a number of attacks against Israelis during the Second Intifada.[citation needed] The PLO has been sued in the United States by families of those killed or injured in attacks by Palestinians. One lawsuit was settled prior to going to trial.[39][40] The other went to trial. The PLO was found liable for the death and injuries of US citizens in a number of terrorist attacks in Israel from 2001 to 2004 and ordered to pay a judgment of $655.5 million.[41] The verdict was overturned on appeal for a lack of US federal jurisdiction over actions committed overseas.[42]
Ideology
The ideology of the PLO was formulated in the founding year, 1964, in the Palestinian National Covenant.[29] In 1968, the Charter was replaced by a comprehensively revised version.[43]
Until 1993, the only promoted option was armed struggle.[citation needed] From the signing of the Oslo Accords, negotiation and diplomacy became the only official policy.[citation needed]
In April 1996, a large number of articles, which were inconsistent with the Oslo Accords, were wholly or partially nullified.[44]
At the core of the PLO’s ideology is the belief that Zionists had unjustly expelled the Palestinians from Palestine and established a Jewish state in place under the pretext of having historic and Jewish ties with Palestine. The PLO demanded that Palestinian refugees be allowed to return to their homes. This is expressed in the National Covenant:
Article 2 of the Charter states that ″Palestine, with the boundaries it had during the British mandate, is an indivisible territorial unit″,[43] meaning that there is no place for a Jewish state. This article was adapted in 1996 to meet the Oslo Accords.[44]
Article 20 states: ″The Balfour Declaration, the Mandate for Palestine, and everything that has been based upon them, are deemed null and void. Claims of historical or religious ties of Jews with Palestine are incompatible with the facts of history and the true conception of what constitutes statehood. Judaism, being a religion, is not an independent nationality. Nor do Jews constitute a single nation with an identity of its own; they are citizens of the states to which they belong″.[43] This article was nullified in 1996.[44]
Article 3 reads: ″The Palestinian Arab people possess the legal right to their homeland and have the right to determine their destiny after achieving the liberation of their country in accordance with their wishes and entirely of their own accord and will″.
History of the Shah of Iran and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
History of the Shah of Iran and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/shah-flees-iran
Faced with an army mutiny and violent demonstrations against his rule, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the leader of Iran since 1941, is forced to flee the country. Fourteen days later, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Islamic revolution, returned after 15 years of exile and took control of Iran.
In 1941, British and Soviet troops occupied Iran, and the first Pahlavi shah, who they regarded with suspicion, was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza. The new shah promised to act as a constitutional monarch but often meddled in the elected government’s affairs. After a Communist plot against him was thwarted in 1949, he took on even more powers. However, in the early 1950s, the shah was eclipsed by Mohammad Mosaddeq, a zealous Iranian nationalist who convinced the Parliament to nationalize Britain’s extensive oil interests in Iran. Mohammad Reza, who maintained close relations with Britain and the United States, opposed the decision. Nevertheless, he was forced in 1951 to appoint Mosaddeq premier, and two years of tension followed.
In August 1953, Mohammad Reza attempted to dismiss Mosaddeq, but the premier’s popular support was so great that the shah himself was forced out of Iran. A few days later, British and U.S. intelligence agents orchestrated a stunning coup d’etat against Mosaddeq, and the shah returned to take power as the sole leader of Iran. He repealed Mosaddeq’s legislation and became a close Cold War ally of the United States in the Middle East.
In 1963, the shah launched his “White Revolution,” a broad government program that included land reform, infrastructure development, voting rights for women and the reduction of illiteracy. Although these programs were applauded by many in Iran, Islamic leaders were critical of what they saw as the westernization of Iran. Ruhollah Khomeini, a Shiite cleric, was particularly vocal in his criticism and called for the overthrow of the shah and the establishment of an Islamic state. In 1964, Khomeini was exiled and settled across the border in Iraq, where he sent radio messages to incite his supporters.
FEATURED
U.S.-Iran Tensions: From Political Coup to Hostage Crisis to Drone Strikes
A look back at America’s long-simmering conflict with Iran.
Read more about U.S.-Iran Tensions: From Political Coup to Hostage Crisis to Drone Strikes
The shah saw himself foremost as a Persian king and in 1971 held an extravagant celebration of the 2,500th anniversary of the pre-Islamic Persian monarchy. In 1976, he formally replaced the Islamic calendar with a Persian calendar. Religious discontent grew, and the shah became more repressive, using his brutal secret police force to suppress opposition. This alienated students and intellectuals in Iran, and support for Khomeini grew. Discontent was also rampant in the poor and middle classes, who felt that the economic developments of the White Revolution had only benefited the ruling elite. In 1978, anti-shah demonstrations broke out in Iran’s major cities.
On September 8, 1978, the shah’s security force fired on a large group of demonstrators, killing hundreds and wounding thousands. Two months later, thousands took to the streets of Tehran, rioting and destroying symbols of westernization, such as banks and liquor stores. Khomeini called for the shah’s immediate overthrow, and on December 11 a group of soldiers mutinied and attacked the shah’s security officers. With that, his regime collapsed and the shah fled.
The shah traveled to several countries before entering the United States in October 1979 for medical treatment of his cancer. In Tehran, Islamic militants responded on November 4 by storming the U.S. embassy and taking the staff hostage. With the approval of Khomeini, the militants demanded the return of the shah to Iran to stand trial for his crimes. The United States refused to negotiate, and 52 American hostages were held for 444 days. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi died in Egypt in July 1980.
Who are the Houthis, and why are we at war with them?
Who are the Houthis, and why are we at war with them?
For over two-and-a-half years, the United States has supported Saudi Arabia in a war against the Houthi movement in Yemen. The war has created the worst humanitarian catastrophe in the world and threatens to turn into the largest famine in decades.
Yet very few Americans know who the Houthis are, what they stand for, and why they are our de facto enemies. Two administrations have backed the war against the Houthis without a serious campaign to explain why Americans should see them as our enemies.
Yemeni politics are incredibly complex and volatile—rather than get drawn into a quagmire against an enemy they hardly know, the United States and its partners should get serious about finding a political solution.
What you need to know
First and foremost, the Houthis are Zaydi Shiites, or Zaydiyyah. Shiite Muslims are the minority community in the Islamic world and Zaydis are a minority of Shiites, significantly different in doctrine and beliefs from the Shiites who dominate in Iran, Iraq, and elsewhere (often called Twelvers for their belief in twelve Imams).
The Zadiyyah take their name from Zayd bin Ali, the great grandson of Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, whom all Shiites revere. Zayd bin Ali led an uprising against the Umayyad Empire in 740, the first dynastic empire in Islamic history, which ruled from Damascus. Zayd was martyred in his revolt, and his head is believed to be buried in a shrine to him in Kerak, Jordan. Zaydis believe he was a model of a pure caliph who should have ruled instead of the Umayyads.
The Houthis have made fighting corruption the centerpiece of their political program, at least nominally.
The distinguishing feature of Zayd’s remembered biography is that he fought against a corrupt regime. Sunnis and Shiites agree that he was a righteous man. The Zaydi elevate him to be the epitome of a symbol of fighting corruption. The Houthis have made fighting corruption the centerpiece of their political program, at least nominally. The Zaydi do not believe in ayatollahs like the Twelver Shiites—who are the Shiite sect in Iran and most of the Muslim world—nor do they practice the other Twelver doctrine of taqqiyah (dissimulation), which permits one to disguise his or her faith for self-protection.
In short, they are a very different sect than the Iranian version of Shiism that Americans have come to know since the 1979 Iranian revolution.
Followers of Zayd established themselves in north Yemen’s rugged mountains in the ninth century. For the next thousand years, the Zaydis fought for control of Yemen with various degrees of success. A succession of Zaydi Imams ruled the community and Zaydis were the majority of the population in the mountains of the north. They fought against both the Ottomans and the Wahhabis in the 18th and 19th centuries.
With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, a Zaydi monarchy took power in North Yemen called the Mutawakkilite Kingdom. The ruler, or imam, was both a secular ruler and a spiritual leader. Their kingdom fought and lost a border war with Saudi Arabia in the 1930s, losing territory to the Saudi state. They also enjoyed international recognition as the legitimate government of North Yemen. Their capital was in Taiz.

In 1962, an Egyptian-backed revolutionary military cabal overthrew the Mutawakkilite king and established an Arab nationalist government with its capital in Sanaa. With Soviet assistance, Egypt sent tens of thousands of troops to back the republican coup. The Zaydi Royalists fled to the mountains along the Saudi border to fight a civil war for control of the country. Saudi Arabia supported the royalists against Egypt. Israel also clandestinely backed the Zaydi Royalists. The war ended in a republican victory after the Saudis and Egyptians resolved their regional rivalry after the 1967 war with Israel and lost interest in the Yemen civil war.
A Zaydi republican general named Ali Abdullah Saleh came to power after a succession of coups in 1978. Saleh ruled—or misruled—Yemen for the next 33 years. He united north and south Yemen in 1990, tilted toward Iraq during the 1991 Kuwait war, and survived a Saudi-backed southern civil war in 1994. He had complicated relations with both Riyadh and Washington, but by the late 1990s was generally aligned with both against al-Qaida. The al-Qaida attack on the USS Cole in late 2000 in Aden drew the Americans closer to Saleh, although his cooperation against al-Qaida was always incomplete.
The Houthis emerged as a Zaydi resistance to Saleh and his corruption in the 1990s led by a charismatic leader named Hussein al Houthi, from whom they are named. They charged Saleh with massive corruption to steal the wealth of the Arab world’s poorest country for his own family, much like other Arab dictators in Tunisia, Egypt, and Syria. They also criticized Saudi and American backing for the dictator.
2003: The tipping point
The American invasion of Iraq in 2003 deeply radicalized the Houthi movement, like it did many other Arabs. It was a pivotal moment. The Houthis adopted the slogan: “God is great, death to the U.S., death to Israel, curse the Jews, and victory for Islam,” in the wake of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. The group also officially called itself Ansar Allah, or supporters of God. It was a turning point largely unrecognized outside Yemen, another unanticipated consequence of George Bush’s Iraq adventures.
Hezbollah, the Shiite movement in Lebanon which successfully expelled the Israeli army from the country, became a role model and mentor for the Houthis. Although different kinds of Shiites, the two groups have a natural attraction. Hezbollah provided inspiration and expertise for the Houthis. Iran was a secondary source of support, especially since the Houthis and Iranians share a common enemy in Saudi Arabia.
After 2003, Saleh launched a series of military campaigns to destroy the Houthis. In 2004, Saleh’s forces killed Hussein al Houthi. The Yemeni army and air force was used to suppress the rebellion in the far north of Yemen, especially in Saada province. The Saudis joined with Saleh in these campaigns. The Houthis won against both Saleh and the Saudi army, besting them both again and again. For the Saudis, who have spent tens of billions of dollars on their military, it was deeply humiliating.
The Houthis won against both Saleh and the Saudi army, besting them both again and again.
The Arab Spring came to Yemen in 2011. The Houthi movement was one part of the wide national uprising against Saleh. It was primarily concerned with advancing the narrow interests of the Zaydi community, not surprisingly. When Saleh was replaced by a Sunni from the south—Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, who had been Saleh’s vice president at the behest of the Saudis—the Houthi response was predictable. They were critical of the process and of Hadi.
A national dialogue was instituted to address the future of Yemen after Saleh, with regional and international assistance. It proposed a federal solution with six provinces with some autonomy. The Zaydi-dominated north got two landlocked entities, which the Houthis argued was gerrymandered against them.
In 2014, they began colluding with Saleh against Hadi secretly. Even by the standards of Middle East politics, it was a remarkable and hypocritical reversal of alliances by both the Houthis and Saleh. Much of the army remained loyal to Saleh and his family, so together with the Houthis the two had a preponderance of force in the country. Hadi was deeply unpopular and seen as a Saudi stooge.
The war
After months of gradually moving into the capital Sanaa, it fell to the rebel alliance in January 2015, just as King Salman ascended to the throne in Riyadh. The Houthis opened direct civilian air traffic between Sanaa and Tehran, Iran promised cheap oil for Yemen, and rumors of more Iran-Houthi cooperation spread quickly. The main port at Hodeidah fell to the Houthi forces and they began marching to take Aden, the capital of the south and the largest port on the Indian Ocean.
For the Saudi king and his 29-year-old defense minister and son Prince Muhammad bin Salman (MBS), it was a nightmare. A traditional enemy with ties to their regional foe was taking over the country on their southern belly. The strategic straits at the Bab al Mandab could be in the Houthis’ hands. It was a very difficult challenge for an untried team in the royal palace.
For the Obama administration, the picture was more complicated. American intelligence officials said that Iran was actually trying to discourage the Houthis from seizing Sanaa and openly toppling Hadi. Iran preferred a less radical course, but the Houthi leadership was drunk with success. Moreover, Undersecretary of Defense Michael Vickers said on the record in January that Washington had a productive informal intelligence relationship with the Houthis against al-Qaida. He suggested that the cooperation could continue.
The Saudis chose to go to war to support Hadi and prevent the Houthi-Saleh rebellion from consolidating control of the country. Operation Decisive Storm began in March 2015, MBS taking the public lead in promising early victory for the Saudis. They forged a coalition to back them including the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and other traditional Saudi allies. Two refused to join: Oman, Yemen’s neighbor, and Pakistan, whose parliament voted unanimously against the war.
Obama backed the Saudi war. In the choice between the Saudi ally and the Houthis, the president—not surprisingly—took the side of a 70-year old alliance. U.S. and U.K. support is essential to the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF), which is equipped with American and British aircraft. The RSAF has dropped tons of American and British munitions on Yemen since.
Almost three years later, the Saudi air and naval blockade of Houthi-controlled territory has created a humanitarian disaster, with millions of Yemenis at dire risk of starvation and disease. The Saudi-led coalition has tightened the blockade and gradually gained more territory, although Hadi has little if any control over the territory recovered from the rebels. He resides in Riyadh. All sides are credibly accused of war crimes.
Saleh broke with his putative ally this month, signaled to Riyadh that he was flipping sides again, and was killed days later. The Houthis won the battle for Sanaa but are isolated from the rest of Yemeni politics and political parties. Riyadh portrays them as Iranian puppets, but many Yemenis see them as patriots fighting the country’s traditional enemy Saudi Arabia and America, Israel’s defender. Houthi propaganda plays to the line that Yemen is under attack by a Saudi-American-Israeli conspiracy.
A major consequence of the war is to push the Houthis and Iran and Hezbollah closer together. U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley underscored that point, perhaps unintentionally, when she presented compelling evidence of Iranian support for the Houthis missile attacks on Saudi and Emirati targets last week. With their own cities under constant aerial bombardment, the Houthis are firing missiles at Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, with Tehran’s technological assistance. The war costs Tehran a few million dollars per month, while it costs Riyadh $6 billion per month.
Tehran and the Houthis are playing with fire, of course. If a missile hits Riyadh, Jeddah, or Abu Dhabi and kills dozens or more, the pressure for retaliation against Iran will be significant. The Trump administration is poorly designed to provide cooling counsel.
This brief and simplified account of the background of the Houthis should underscore how complex Yemeni politics are and how volatile they can be. Saleh called running Yemen to be akin to dancing on the heads of snakes. It is a foolish place for Americans to be drawn into a war and a quagmire against an enemy they hardly know. The administration has recently called for an easing of the blockade. It’s time to get serious about a political solution, not to wade deeper into quicksand.
They Shall Not Appear Before Yehovah Empty
They Shall Not Appear Before Yehovah Empty
We are about to begin the Fall Holy Day season.
At Mount Sinai, there was a tithing system in place that was part of the Covenant to which all of Israel agreed.
To build the Tabernacle, Yehovah requested a volunteer method of offering.
Contributions for the Sanctuary
Exo 25:1 And Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying,
Exo 25:2 Speak to the sons of Israel that they bring Me an offering. You shall take an offering from every man that gives it willingly with his heart.
Exo 25:3 And this is the offering which you shall take of them: gold, and silver, and brass,
Exo 25:4 and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and bleached linen, and goats’ hair,
Exo 25:5 and rams’ skins dyed red, and dugong skins, and acacia-wood,
Exo 25:6 oil for the light, spices for anointing oil and for sweet incense,
Exo 25:7 onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod and in the breast-pocket.
Exo 25:8 And let them make Me a sanctuary, so that I may dwell among them.
Exo 25:9 According to all that I show you, the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all the instruments of it, even so you shall make it.
Yehovah required each family to give a tithe of their produce and herds to support the offerings and the priesthood at the Tabernacle.
Lev 27:25 And all your judgments shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary, twenty gerahs shall be the shekel.
Lev 27:26 However, the first-born of an animal, which should be Jehovah’s first-born, no man shall sanctify it, whether an ox, or sheep, it is Jehovah’s.
Lev 27:27 And if it is of an unclean animal, then he shall redeem it according to your estimation, and shall add a fifth part of it to it. Or if it is not redeemed, then it shall be sold according to your estimation.
Lev 27:28 However, no devoted thing that a man shall devote to Jehovah of all that he has, either of man or animal, or of the field of his possession, shall be sold or redeemed. Every devoted thing is most holy to Jehovah.
Lev 27:29 Nothing devoted, which shall be devoted of men, shall be redeemed, but shall surely be put to death.
Lev 27:30 And all the tithe of the land, of the seed of the land, or of the fruit of the tree, is Jehovah’s. It is holy to Jehovah.
Lev 27:31 And if a man will at all redeem anything of his tithes, he shall add to it the fifth part of it.
Lev 27:32 And all the tithe of the herd, or of the flock, all that passes under the rod, a tenth shall be holy to Jehovah
Lev 27:33 He shall not search whether it is good or bad, neither shall he change it. And if he changes it at all, then both it and the change of it shall be holy. It shall not be redeemed.
Lev 27:34 These are the commandments which Jehovah commanded Moses for the sons of Israel in Mount Sinai.
Here is a prophetic meaning of passeth under the rod: The Rabbis say that when a man gave the tithe of his sheep or calves, he shut them in one fold, in which was a narrow door, to let out but one at a time. He then stood by the door, with a rod dipped in vermilion in his hand, and as they passed he counted them with the rod; and when the tenth came he touched it, by which it was distinguished as the tithe calf, sheep, etc. Jer 33:13; Ezk 20:37; Mic 7:14
Jacob also promised to give a tithe of all that Yehovah gave him almost 300 years before the Exodus. I share this, so you know this understanding preceded Mount Sinai.
Gen 28:20 And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat and clothing to put on,
Gen 28:21 and I come again to my father’s house in peace, then shall Jehovah be my God.
Gen 28:22 And this stone which I have set for a pillar shall be God’s house. And of all that You shall give me, I will surely give the tenth to You.
While at Mount Sinai, Yehovah took the tithes that were offered to Him and gave all of them to the Levites. This was to be given to them forever.
Num 18:19 All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the sons of Israel offer to Jehovah, I have given you and your sons and your daughters with you, by a law forever. It is a covenant of salt forever before Jehovah to you and to your seed with you.
Num 18:20 And Jehovah said to Aaron, You shall have no inheritance in their land, neither shall you have any part among them. I am your part and your inheritance among the sons of Israel.
Num 18:21 And behold, I have given the sons of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.
Num 18:22 Neither must the sons of Israel come near the tabernacle of the congregation from now on, lest they bear sin and die.
Num 18:23 But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall bear their iniquity, a statute forever throughout your generations, that among the sons of Israel they have no inheritance.
Num 18:24 But the tithes of the sons of Israel, which they offer as a heave offering to Jehovah, I have given to the Levites to inherit. Therefore I have said to them, Among the sons of Israel they shall have no inheritance.
In Deuteronomy, Yehovah tells Israel to take ten percent, a tithe, of all their increase and spend it on themselves. This is not the same as the tithe sent to the Levites throughout the year. You are to collect this tithe so that you and your family can go to the Feast and celebrate it with Yehovah. If you make $50,000 a year, then that is $5000 you are to spend on yourself and your family for all three Chags. Do any of the Churches tell you about this tithe? Pay yourself 10%.
Deu 14:22 You shall truly tithe all the increase of your seed that the field brings forth year by year.
Deu 14:23 And you shall eat before Jehovah your God in the place which He shall choose to place His name there, the tithe of your grain, of your wine, and of your oil, and the first-born of your herds and of your flocks, so that you may learn to fear Jehovah your God always.
Deu 14:24 And if the way is too long for you, so that you are not able to carry it, or if the place is too far from you, which Jehovah your God shall choose to set His name there, when Jehovah your God has blessed you,
Deu 14:25 then you shall turn it into silver and bind up the silver in your hand, and shall go to the place which Jehovah your God shall choose.
Deu 14:26 And you shall pay that silver for whatever your soul desires, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatever your soul desires. And you shall eat there before Jehovah your God, and you shall rejoice, you and your household
Deu 14:27 and the Levite within your gates, you shall not forsake him, for he has no part nor inheritance with you.
Yehovah also said that you are to take that tithe for you and your family and go to the place Yehovah chooses. You are not to eat it wherever you want.
Deu 12:11 then there shall be a place which Jehovah your God shall choose to cause His name to dwell there. There you shall bring all that I command you, your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, your tithes, and the heave offering of your hand, and all your choice vows which you vow to Jehovah.
Deu 12:12 And you shall rejoice before Jehovah your God; you, your sons, your daughters, your menservants, your female servants, and the Levite that is within your gates (because he has no part nor inheritance with you).
Deu 12:13 Take heed to yourself that you do not offer your burnt offerings in every place that you see.
Deu 12:14 But in the place which Jehovah shall choose in one of your tribes, there you shall offer your burnt offerings, and there you shall do all that I command you.
Deu 12:15 However, with all your soul’s desire you shall sacrifice and eat flesh in all your gates, according to the blessing of Jehovah your God which He has given you, the clean and the unclean, one may eat, as of the gazelle, and as of the hart.
Deu 12:16 Only you shall not eat the blood. You shall pour it on the earth like water.
Deu 12:17 You may not eat inside your gates the tithe of your grain or of your wine or of your oil, or the first-born of your herds or of your flock, or any of your vows which you vow, or your free-will offerings or the heave offering of your hand.
Deu 12:18 But you must eat them before Jehovah your God in the place which Jehovah your God shall choose; you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and the Levite within your gates. And you shall rejoice before Jehovah your God in all that you put your hand to.
Deu 12:19 Take heed to yourself that you do not forsake the Levite as long as you live on the earth.
Deu 12:20 When Jehovah your God shall make your border larger, as He has promised you, and you shall say, I will eat flesh, because your soul longs to eat flesh; you may eat flesh, whatever your soul desires.
Deu 12:21 If the place which Jehovah your God has chosen to put His name there is too far from you, then you shall kill of your herd and of your flock which Jehovah has given you, as I have commanded you, and you shall eat in your gates whatever your soul desires.
Deu 12:22 Even as the gazelle and the hart is eaten, so you shall eat them. The unclean and the clean shall eat of them alike.
Deu 12:23 Only be sure that you do not eat the blood. For the blood is the life. And you may not eat the life with the flesh.
Deu 12:24 You shall not eat it. You shall pour it on the earth like water.
Deu 12:25 You shall not eat it, so that it may go well with you and with your sons after you, when you shall do what is right in the sight of Jehovah.
Deu 12:26 Only your holy things which you have, and your vows, you shall take and go to the place which Jehovah shall choose.
Deu 12:27 And you shall offer your burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, on the altar of Jehovah your God. And the blood of your sacrifices shall be poured out on the altar of Jehovah your God, and you shall eat the flesh.
Deu 12:28 Be careful to hear all these words which I command you, so that it may go well with you and with your sons after you forever, when you do the good and right in the sight of Jehovah your God.
As we continue to read Deuteronomy, Yehovah instructs us to look after the Levite, the widow, and the orphan after three years. We have been doing this here at sightedmoon.com, collecting and distributing people’s tithes to the widows in the 3rd and 6th years of the Sabbatical Cycle. We are now in the 1st year of the Sabbatical Cycle.
Deu 14:28 At the end of three years you shall bring forth all the tithe of your increase the same year, and shall lay it up inside your gates.
Deu 14:29 And the Levite, because he has no part nor inheritance with you, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, who are inside your gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied, so that Jehovah your God may bless you in all the work of your hand which you do.
This was Yehovah’s system of tithing. It was part of the covenant made on Mount Sinai, and it was to be kept forever. But then something happened.
From the time Israel became betrothed to Yehovah until they crossed the Jordan River, it was 42 years. From the time they crossed the Jordan until the Ark was moved to Jerusalem, it was approximately 367 years. It was about 287 years from the crossing of the Jordan until Samuel died. It was at that time that Israel demanded Samuel to give them a king like all the other nations. Under Yehovah’s direction, Samuel reluctantly chose King Saul to rule over the people, but he gave them a stiff warning.
Israel Demands a King
1Sa 8:1 And it happened when Samuel was old, he made his sons judges over Israel.
1Sa 8:2 And the name of his first-born was Joel, and the name of his second was Abiah, judges in Beer-sheba.
1Sa 8:3 And his sons did not walk in his ways, but turned aside after ill gain and took bribes and perverted judgment.
1Sa 8:4 And all the elders of Israel gathered themselves and came to Samuel to Ramah.
1Sa 8:5 And they said to him, Behold, you are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now make us a king to judge us like all the nations.
1Sa 8:6 But the thing was evil in the eyes of Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed to Jehovah.
1Sa 8:7 And Jehovah said to Samuel, Listen to the voice of the people in all that they say to you. For they have not rejected you, but they have rejected Me, that I should not reign over them.
1Sa 8:8 According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even until this day, works with which they have forsaken Me and served other gods, so they do also to you.
1Sa 8:9 And now listen to their voice. Only, you shall surely protest solemnly to them, and show them the kind of king who shall reign over them.
Samuel’s Warning Against Kings
1Sa 8:10 And Samuel told all the Words of Jehovah to the people who asked a king of him.
1Sa 8:11 And he said, This will be the privilege of the king who shall reign over you. He shall take your sons and appoint them for himself, for his chariots, and his horsemen. And they shall run before his chariots.
1Sa 8:12 And he will appoint commanders over thousands, and commanders over fifties, and some to plow his ground and reap his harvest, and make his weapons of war and weapons for his chariots.
1Sa 8:13 And he will take your daughters to beperfumers and cooks and bakers.
1Sa 8:14 And he will take your fields and your vineyards and your olive-yards, the best, and give them to his servants.
1Sa 8:15 And he will take the tenth of your seed and of your vineyards, and give it to his eunuchs and to his servants.
1Sa 8:16 And he will take your male slaves and your slave girls, and your finest young men, and your asses, and put them to his work.
1Sa 8:17 He will take the tenth of your sheep, and you shall be his servants.
1Sa 8:18 And you shall cry out in that day because of your king whom you have chosen for yourselves, and Jehovah will not answer you in that day.
The Lord Grants Israel’s Request
1Sa 8:19 But the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel. And they said, No, but we will have a king over us.
1Sa 8:20 And we shall be, also we, like all the nations, so that our king may judge us and go out before us and fight our battles.
1Sa 8:21 And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he repeated them in the ears of Jehovah.
1Sa 8:22 And Jehovah said to Samuel, Listen to their voice, and make them a king. And Samuel said to the men of Israel, Every man go to his city.
From this point forward, Israel gave a tithe every year except the 7th year, when they had no produce and the 2nd tithe, they gave every 3rd and 6th year. The tithe they paid to themselves to keep the feasts also did not change. Notice that Yehovah does not change His system. What was now added would be the demands of the King to rule over them. The King would take a tithe from them.
Then, in 723 BC, Israel was taken into captivity and never returned to the land. Then, in 586 BC. Judah went into captivity, with Zedekiah being their last king. From the time Judah returned from captivity until John Harcanus, Judah had no king but was ruled over by a Knesset Hagedolah (Great Assembly) convened by Nehemia and Ezra.
At the end of Nehemia 9 all the people make a covenant again with Yehovah.
Neh 9:32 And now, our God, the great, the mighty, and the fearful God, who keeps covenant and mercy, let not all the trouble that has come upon us, on our kings, on our rulers, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all Your people, since the time of the kings of Assyria to this day, seem little before You.
Neh 9:33 But You are just in all that is brought upon us, for You have done right, but we have done wickedly.
Neh 9:34 And our kings, our rulers, our priests, and our fathers, have not kept Your Law, nor listened to Your commandments and Your words with which You testified against them.
Neh 9:35 For they have not served You in their kingdom, and in Your great goodness which You gave them, and in the large and rich land which You gave before them, and they did not turn from their wicked works.
Neh 9:36 Behold, we are servants today. And the land that You gave to our fathers to eat its fruit, and its good, behold, we are servants in it.
Neh 9:37 And it yields much increase to the kings whom You have set over us because of our sins. And they rule over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we are in great distress.
Neh 9:38 And because of all this we are cutting a sure covenant, and write it, and our princes, Levites, andpriests are sealing it.
We then read the list of men who signed this covenant in chapter 10 and how they vowed to keep the Torah, much like many of you have done once you learned about the Sabbath and Holy Days.
Neh 10:28 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the singers, the temple-slaves, and all those who had separated from the people of the lands to the Law of God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters (everyone who had knowledge, and who had understanding),
Neh 10:29 were holding fast to their brothers, their honored ones. And they entered into a curse and into an oath, to walk in God’s Law which was given by Moses the servant of God, and to be careful to do all the commandments of Jehovah our Lord, and His judgments and His statutes.
Neh 10:30 And we swore that we would not give our daughters to the people of the land nor take their daughters for our sons.
Neh 10:31 And if the people of the land should bring goods or any food on the Sabbath day to sell it, that we would not buy it from them on the Sabbath or on the holy day, and that we would leave the seventh year, and the interest of every debt.
Neh 10:32 Also we put commands upon ourselves, to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel for the service of the house of our God,
Neh 10:33 for the showbread, and for the continual meal offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of the sabbaths, of the new moons, for the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God.
Neh 10:34 And we cast the lots among the priests, and the Levites, and the people, for the wood offering, to bring into the house of our God, according to the houses of our fathers, at times appointed year by year, to burn upon the altar of Jehovah our God, as it iswritten in the Law
Neh 10:35 and to bring the firstfruits of our ground, and the firstfruits of all fruit of all trees, year by year, to the house of Jehovah;
Neh 10:36 and to bring the first-born of our sons, and of our cattle, as it is written in the Law, and the firstlings of our herds and of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, to the priests who minister in the house of our God;
Neh 10:37 and that we should bring the firstfruits of our dough, and our offerings, and the fruit of all kinds of trees, of wine and of oil, to the priests, to the rooms of the house of our God; and the tithes of our ground to the Levites, and they, the Levites, might have the tithes in all the cities we farmed.
Neh 10:38 And the priest, the son of Aaron, shall be with the Levites, when the Levites take tithes, and the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes to the house of our God, to the rooms, into the treasure house.
Neh 10:39 For the sons of Israel and the sons of Levi shall bring the offering of the grain, of the new wine, and the oil, to the rooms where the vessels of the sanctuary are, and the priests who minister, and the gatekeepers and the singers. And we will not forsake the house of our God.
But shortly after making this vow they stopped looking after the Levites and Nehemia rebukes them for this. Again this is very similar to many of you who expect those teaching you to do so for free.
Neh 13:10 And I saw that the portions of the Levites had not been given to them; for the Levites and the singers, who did the work, had fled each one to his field.
Neh 13:11 And I contended with the rulers and said, Why is the house of God forsaken? And I gathered them together and set them in their place.
Neh 13:12 And all Judah brought the tithe of the grain and the new wine and the oil into the treasuries.
Neh 13:13 And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah. And next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah. For they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute to their brothers.
Neh 13:14 Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and do not wipe out my good deeds which I have done for the house of my God, and for the offices of it.
At this same time, another prophet, also known as Ezra, spoke but the Bible records his name as Malachi.
The editors of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia implied that Malachi prophesied after Haggai and Zechariah and speculated that he delivered his prophecies about 420 BC, after the second return of Nehemiah from Persia,[4] or possibly before his return. The Talmud and the Aramaic Targum of Yonathan ben Uzziel identify Ezra as the same person as Malachi. This is the traditional view held by most Jews and some Christians, including Jerome.[5][6][7] This identification is plausible, because “Malachi” reprimands the people for the same things Ezra did, such as marrying foreign pagan women. Malachi also focuses extensively on corrupt priests; which Ezra, a priest himself who exhorted the people to follow the law, despised. According to Josephus, Ezra died and was buried “in a magnificent manner in Jerusalem.”[8] If the tradition that Ezra wrote under the name “Malachi” is correct, then Josephus meant that he was buried in the Tomb of the Prophets, the traditional resting place of Malachi. This would also explain why Ezra does not refer to a prophet named Malachi, while he did refer to other prophets such as Haggai and Zechariah. Others ascribe the book to Zerubbabel and Nehemiah; others suggest that Malachi was a separate person altogether, possibly a Levite and a member of the Great Assembly.[9]
Ezra or Malachi spoke the following:
Robbing God
Mal 3:6 For I am Jehovah, I change not. Because of this you sons of Jacob are not destroyed.
Mal 3:7 From the days of your fathers, you have turned aside from My statutes, and have not kept them. Return to Me, and I will return to you, says Jehovah of Hosts. But you say. In what way shall we return?
Mal 3:8 Will a man rob God? Yet you have robbed Me. But you say, In what have we robbed You? In the tithe and the offering!
Mal 3:9 You are cursed with a curse; for you are robbing Me, the nation, all of it.
Mal 3:10 Bring all the tithe into the storehouse, so that there may be food in My house. And test Me now with this, says Jehovah of Hosts, to see if I will not open the windows of Heaven for you, and pour out a blessing for you, until there is not enough room.
Mal 3:11 And I will rebuke your devourer, and he shall not decay the fruit of your ground against you; nor shall your vine miscarry against you in the field, says Jehovah of Hosts.
Mal 3:12 And all nations shall call you blessed; for you shall be a delightful land, says Jehovah of Hosts.
Mal 3:13 Your words have been strong against Me, says Jehovah. Yet you say, What have we spoken against You?
Mal 3:14 You have said, It is vain to serve God; and, What profit is it that we have kept His charge, and that we have walked as mourners before Jehovah of Hosts?
Mal 3:15 And now we are calling the arrogant blessed. Not only are the doers of wickedness built up, they also test God, and escape.
The Book of Remembrance
Mal 3:16 Then those fearing Jehovah spoke together, each man to his neighbor. And Jehovah listened and heard. And a book of remembrance was written before Him for those who feared Jehovah, and for those esteeming His name.
Mal 3:17 And they shall be Mine, says Jehovah of Hosts, for the day that I will make up My treasure. And I will pity them as a man has pity on his son who serves him.
Mal 3:18 Then you shall again see the differencebetween the righteous and the wicked, between him who serves God, and him who does not serve Him.
Many people will not read this section in this newsletter. As soon as they see the subject is tithing, they skip right over it. Others will come up with all sorts of excuses. They are paying 30-50% in taxes and can’t afford to tithe. Yes, this may be true, but Samuel warned us this would happen, and Yehovah did not withdraw the tithing laws. By asking for a King, we made it harder. It is our own fault. So, you cannot use the amount of Taxes you pay as an excuse for not tithing.
Either you are going to keep the covenant, or you are not.
Yehovah is daring you all to test Him. Read it again in verse 10. test Me now with this, says Jehovah of Hosts, to see if I will not open the windows of Heaven for you, and pour out a blessing for you, until there is not enough room.
Others will say that you are only to tithe what you grow off the land. I have yet to receive one tomato from anyone. To be honest, very few grow anything, and yet you all make a living off the land via products taken from the land.
Everyone wants the blessings Yehovah offers them; they just do not want to do what He asks them to do. And they most certainly do not want to tithe and then they wonder why they are always struggling.
Another excuse people use is that we have no idea who the Levites are today. Those who are Jewish do not believe in Yehshua and we are not going to tithe to them. So what do we do?
Brethren when I was in the Worldwide Church of God we tithed. I paid as much as 50% in taxes. Some years with the 3rd tithe year I was paying out close to 80% of my income. At this same time I was being promoted and my income was increasing year after year. I bought a house and I had it paid off in 5 years time. I also had car payments and paid them off. And we had two small newborns. The math does not work. It does not make sense. And yet that is the truth in my case when I first began this walk.
I had all the excuses I have just shared with you above. I tithed faithfully to the Church. It did not matter to me if they were Levites or not. They were teaching me and I was learning so much from them about the Holy Days. Even though I was not tithing to the Temple, I was being blessed by Yehovah. I was tithing to Him, not some church. What the church did was between them and Yehovah. I just to do my part to Yehovah. He protected me when I thought for sure I was about to be fired. The whole company changed from working seven days a week to working five days. I was no longer in conflict about the Sabbath. I got more raises. It was an exciting time for me as I documented each year, watching my yearly income grow and the tithes I paid out, grow.
We do not have a Temple. I may or may not be descended from Aaron. But I am teaching you and have done so since 2005. You can see our newsletters have gone out almost every week non-stop since 2006. I have conducted tours to Israel at cost and not made money on them. I have never demanded you tithe to me. sightedmoon.com has supported a number of other ministries since 2014. I think I have demonstrated our worthiness to be supported.
But if you would rather support another ministry, then I would recommend only these three. Nehemia Gordon of Nehemia’s Wall (https://www.nehemiaswall.com/support), Keith Johnson of Biblical Foundations Academy (https://bfainternational.com/give/) and Rabbi David Fohrman of Aleph Beta (https://members.alephbeta.org/donate).
I am sharing this teaching on Tithing because I know most of you are not doing it. You are not receiving the blessings Yehovah promised you when you do tithe. But many of you continue to complain about not having enough or the hardships you are enduring. Put Yehovah to the test and discover if He is real or not, if He keeps His word or not. Only you can prove Him. The question is, as always, whether or not you will test Him as He told you to.
You talk about keeping the covenant. The Churches all say the Old Testament laws are done away with, except the tithing laws. You claim to be in covenant with Yehovah and strive to keep that covenant, but you refuse to pay anyone your tithes. No, they are not your tithes; they are Yehovah’s tithes you owe Him. Are you in covenant or not?
Migdal Eder & the Birth of Messiah
Migdal Eder & the Birth of Messiah
We first presented the following article in 2016, which was shown to us by Chad Wilheim.
Just a few weeks ago we shared with you the deception of the Aleph Tav. How Satan has impersonated these two to lead people away from the truth. Today we are going to share with you another one of those truths that very few talk about and yet it makes so much sense and affirms what we already knew.
Satan has deceived the whole world. Everyone except you right. No, he has deceived the whole world.
Rev 12:7 Now war arose in heaven, Michael and his angels fighting against the dragon. And the dragon and his angels fought back, but he was defeated, and there was no longer any place for them in heaven. And the great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world—he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.
In Isaiah 14:12, we are told how Satan would even think to become like God.
“How you are fallen from heaven,
O Day Star, son of Dawn!
How you are cut down to the ground,
you who laid the nations low!
You said in your heart,
I will ascend to heaven;
above the stars of God
I will set my throne on high;
I will sit on the mount of assembly
in the far reaches of the north;
I will ascend above the heights of the clouds;
I will make myself like the Most High.’
And it is through this method of being “LIKE” Yehovah that he has deceived the whole world, including all of us.
How many of you are now still keeping and celebrating Christmas, the birthday of Jesus the Messiah?
Yehshua said that Satan was the father of lies.
John 8:42 Jesus said to them, “If God were your Father, you would love me, for I came from God and I am here. I came not of my own accord, but he sent me. Why do you not understand what I say? It is because you cannot bear to hear my word. You are of your father the devil, and your will is to do your father’s desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks out of his own character, for he is a liar and the father of lies.
And it is these lies that have been passed down to us from our fathers.
Jer 16:19 O LORD, my strength and my fortress, my refuge in the day of distress, the nations will come to You from the ends of the earth, and they will say, “Our fathers inherited nothing but lies, worthless idols of no benefit at all.” 20 Can man make gods for himself? Such are not gods!…
Romans 1:25 They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator, who is forever worthy of praise! Amen.
Once we learn the truth about how our fathers lied to us, we want nothing to do with it. So, we shun all activities surrounding the Christmas Story. But in so doing, Satan has again kept us from the truth, first by making us believe the lie and then by making us ignore the truth as we avoid the lies.
But the best lies are often told with a mixture of truth in them. Let us now search out the truth of the birth of Yehshua and understand it as it should be in Yehovah’s plan.
This article is presented by Chad and Marilyn Wilhelm, who shared it with me last fall (2015) and I have waited until now (2016) to share it with you. It fits perfectly with our teaching last week on the birth of Yehshua being on the Feast of Trumpets. Again, stop and think. Mary had given birth and would be unclean for 40 days.
Lev 12:2 Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, If a woman has conceived seed and has borne a male, then she shall be unclean seven days; as on the days of her menstrual impurity she shall be unclean. 3And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. 4And she shall then continue in the blood of her purifying thirty-three days. She shall touch no holy thing, nor come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purifying are fulfilled.
And the nursing baby Yehshua would have touched her in order to be breastfed, and each time the baby touched the unclean Mary, the baby too would be unclean.
Lev 15:19 And if a woman has an issue, and her issue in her flesh is blood, she shall be in her impurity seven days. And whoever touches her shall be unclean until the evening. 20And everything that she lies on in her impurity shall be unclean. Everything also that she sits on shall be unclean. 21And whoever touches her bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening. 22And whoever touches anything that she sat on, shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening. 23And if it is on the bed or on anything on which she sits, when he touches it, he shall be unclean until the evening.
So exactly how would the infant Yehshua be able to go into the Temple on the 8th Day of Sukkot to be circumcised, as some have taught you, that His birth was on the 1st day of Sukkot? Just stop and think for a moment. It is impossible for the infant to go up to the Temple until at least 40 days after His birth. This is just another indicator we have that He was born on the Feast of Trumpets. More again on this next week. But this week I want to share this teaching from Chad.
The Greek and Hebrew fonts do not come across on this website and are shown as ???. So if you want them they are all on Chad’s site which you can link to at the end of the article.
Migdal Eder & the Birth of Messiah
My sincere hope, brethren, is that by the end of this teaching, you will truly get a better picture of the birth of our Messiah rather than the traditional view that has become the norm passed down from the early Church Fathers. Tradition (not the Bible) says that Yeshua‘s birthplace was in a cave over which the Basilica of the Nativity was built in Bethlehem. According to Origen of Alexandria (185 – 254 CE), the Roman Emperor Constantine built a Basilica over this cave in the 4th Century at the request of his mother Helena. It was destroyed and the present basilica was built by Emperor Justinian in 530 AD. Origen of Alexandria wrote that it was generally accepted that Yeshua was born in a cave at Bethlehem which could be visited in his day. (Origen of Alexandra, “Against Celsus” in Volume 1, Chapter 51. )
There is no evidence that can be found within the Bible to support that claim! Let’s turn to a familiar passage of scripture and see what clues we can uncover from the text.
Revisiting the Birth: Clues from the Text
Luk 2:1-20 “And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.) And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:) To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child. And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying, Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us. And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger. And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child. And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds. But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart. And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.” {KJV} (emphasis mine)
In verses 7,12, and 16 I have put in bold what the KJV has translated from the Greek Text. These are the words with the ‘Strong’s Concordance” reference:
“ inG1722 a manger;G5336 “
However, when one looks at this particular text through an actual Greek Interlinear there is a missing Greek word. Here is what the text looks like from the Interlinear:
εν G1722 IN τη G3588 THE φατνη G5336 MANGER
The Greek word τη G3588 THE is not translated as it should be- although it is of my opinion that the translators in an attempt to smooth out the text inserted “a” instead of “the”. Let’s now take a look at this interesting Greek word. According to the Thayer Greek Dictionary, this Greek word is defined as ‘the definite article’, “the” in its masculine, feminine or neuter gender…the demonstrative pronoun. Examples: “this”, “that”, or “these”. The next word that should be studied in this passage of Luke chapter 2 is “manger”. The Greek word here is G5336 φατνη phatne? fat’-nay (from the Strong’s Concordance). This word comes from the Greek word πατέομαι pateomai (to eat); a crib (for fodder): – manger or stall. Listed below are the Hebrew words that are most similar to the Greek word φατνη phatne? (these are also the Septuagint related words).
H18 Xfba% Xfba% evus: a manger, stall (from H75 [ abas ] –to fodder, fatted, stalled) H723 ???? urvah : a herding place for an animal H1098 ????? belil : feed, fodder H7517 ??? rephet: a stall
This word G5336 φατνη phatne? could be translated as ‘manger’ but if we look into the ancient time and culture during Yeshua’s day, I’m of the opinion that this ‘manger’ was more of a stable or stall to house livestock. We will discuss this further in a bit.
Luke 2:15 “…Let us now go to Bethlehem…”
After the shepherds were told about the Messiah, how did they know where to go?
Luk 2:15-16 And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us. And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger.
Where would the shepherds have known to go in Bethlehem to find baby Yeshua? There were no directions provided… (more on this later as well).
What we know from the Bible about Micah 5:2 and Luke 2:1-20
Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem (Beit –lechem – ‘house of bread’– Micah 5:2). Luke records the birth place of Messiah as Bethlehem in Luke 2:11. Bethlehem is the city of David and of his father’s inheritance (1 Sa 16:4, 17:15, 20:6). Although the Brit Chadashah does not tell us where in Bethlehem Yeshua was born, the Tanakh does.
Location of Yeshua’s Birth
We are all familiar with this verse:
Mic 5:2 “And thou, Beit-Lechem Ephratah, Little to be among the chiefs of Judah! From thee to Me he cometh forth–to be ruler in Israel, And his comings forth are of old, From the days of antiquity.”
But do we go back and read the verses for context? Micah 4:1 – 5:4
Mic 4:1 “But in the last days it shall come to pass, that the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow unto it. And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for the law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. And he shall judge among many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and none shall make them afraid: for the mouth of the LORD of hosts hath spoken it. For all people will walk every one in the name of his god, and we will walk in the name of the LORD our God for ever and ever. In that day, saith the LORD, will I assemble her that halteth, and I will gather her that is driven out, and her that I have afflicted; And I will make her that halted a remnant, and her that was cast far off a strong nation: and the LORD shall reign over them in mount Zion from henceforth, even for ever.
Mic 4:8 And thou, O tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem. Now why dost thou cry out aloud? is there no king in thee? is thy counsellor perished? for pangs have taken thee as a woman in travail. Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail: for now shalt thou go forth out of the city, and thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou shalt go even to Babylon; there shalt thou be delivered; there the LORD shall redeem thee from the hand of thine enemies. Now also many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eye look upon Zion. But they know not the thoughts of the LORD, neither understand they his counsel: for he shall gather them as the sheaves into the floor. Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the LORD, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth. Mic 5:1 Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek. But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting. Therefore will he give them up, until the time that she which travaileth hath brought forth: then the remnant of his brethren shall return unto the children of Israel. And he shall stand and feed in the strength of the LORD, in the majesty of the name of the LORD his God; and they shall abide: for now shall he be great unto the ends of the earth.”
To summarize: YHWH explains what it will be like in the millennial reign of Messiah (4:1 – 4:7). Micah 4:8 – 5:4 explains what will happen before that day!
The significance of ‘Migdal Eder’
Mic 4:8 “And thou, O tower ldgm of the flock rdu, the strong hold of the daughter of Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem.”
H4026 aldgm / ldgm migda?l / migda?la?h BDB Definition:
-
Tower 1a) tower 1b) elevated stage, pulpit 1c) raised
bed
H1431 (ROOT WORD) ldg ga?dal BDB Definition: 1) to grow, become great or important, promote, make powerful, praise, magnify, do great things 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to grow up 1a2) to become great 1a3) to be magnified
What did the Sages of Israel think about Micah 4:8 and 5:1-2?
Targums: Micah 4:8 “And you, O Messiah of Israel, who has been hidden away because of the sins of the congregation of Zion, the kingdom shall come to you, and the former dominion shall be restored to the kingdom of the congregation of Jerusalem.”
Targums: Micah 5:1 “And you, O Bethlehem Ephrathah, you who were too small to be numbered among the thousands of the house of Judah, from you shall come forth before me the Messiah, to exercise dominion over Israel, he whose name was mentioned from of old, from ancient times.”
The sages of old understood Micah 4:8 and 5:1-2 to be about the coming Messiah!
Yeshua’s Birth at Migdal Eder
Where have we seen these words before? Migdal Eder?
Gen 35:16-21 And they journeyed from Bethel; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. 17 And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also. 18 And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing, (for she died) that she called his name Benoni: but his father called him Benjamin. 19 And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. 20 And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave: that is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day. 21 And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond (from) tower of Eder [Migdal Eder].
RACHEL’S TOMB IN BETHLEHEM.
÷áø øçì ááéú ìçí.
Why is this significant? Because even the sages of old understood this passage of scripture was a prophecy concerning Messiah! They understood that Genesis 35:21 and Micah 4:8 were connected! According to Targum Jonathan (Jonathan Ben Uzziel) Genesis 35:21 is written this way:
Gen 35:2 “And Jakob proceeded and spread his tent beyond the tower of Eder, the place from whence, it is to be, the King Meshiha (Messiah) will be revealed at the end of the days.” (emphasis mine)
Shadow Picture of Messiah Yeshua
Just as the naming of Leah’s children reveals YHWH’s plan of Messiah: The Messiah came as Elohim’s Son [Reuben – ‘see, a son’]. He was heard [Simeon – to hear] by some and joined to [Levi – joined] by others. We should praise him [Judah – praised] because he paid the wages [Issachar – wages] of sin. Soon he will come to dwell [Zebulun – habitation] with us and He will rule/judge [Dinah – Judgment] over the whole world.
Also note how Rachel’s children are thematically connected to Messiah Yeshua:
Joseph: bread man, suffering servant, exalted to the right hand of Pharaoh, savior of Egypt
Yeshua: bread of life, suffering servant, exalted to the right hand of the Father, savior of the world.
What about Benjamin?
How is Rachel’s other son Benjamin a shadow picture of Messiah [thematically related]?
Gen 35:18-19,21 And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing, (for she died) that she called his name Benoni (son of sorrow): but his father called him Benjamin (son of right hand). And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which isBethlehem. 21 And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond (from) tower of Eder [Migdal Eder]. Messiah was also born in Bethlehem, at Migdal Eder. He came the first time as a suffering servant, a son of sorrows (Isaiah 53:4). Yeshua now sits at the RIGHT HAND of the Father (Mark 16:19)… Our Heavenly Father will send him again a second time to return to put down iniquity and evil, set up the Kingdom, and rule/reign for a thousand years (Rev 19 & 20)!
Location of Migdal Eder
After Jacob left Bethel he came to Migdal Eder (the tower of the flock) and there Rachel began hard labour and as she delivered Benjamin she died and was buried there in ”…Ephratah which is Bethlehem” (Gen. 35:19). After burying Rachel, Jacob moved his flocks beyond Migdal Eder (tower of Eder/Flock). This would pinpoint the location as being near (to the North) to what is present-day Bethlehem. This establishes that Migdal Eder, “the tower of the flock” was in Bethlehem.
Keep in mind that the area which is called Bethlehem in biblical times covered a larger area than does present-day Bethlehem and Migdal Eder was in that city, or just on the outskirts of the city. The oldest tradition based upon Gen 35 and 48 places ancient Bethlehem Ephratah northeast of the current day city and about 4 miles south of the Old City of Jerusalem.
Other sources also suggest that Migdal Eder or the tower of the flock is a location on the outskirts of Bethlehem. The LXX has the location between Bethel and Rachel’s tomb. Eusebius locates it 1.9km east of Bethlehem (3.Eusebius Onamasticon 43.12) and others with a place called Siyan al Ghannam SW of Jerusalem (4.Avraham Negev: Archeological encyclopaedia of the holy land pg 339)
This puts Migdal Eder very close to the modern day marker of rbk lhkr (Kever Rakhel)- the tomb of Rachel. Isn’t it interesting that it is the third holiest site in Judaism? Our brother Judah continues to pray for Rachel and her children (tribes of Yosef and Benyamin)!
The Significance of Migdal Eder and the Holy Temple
Now that we have begun to uncover some clues about where Yeshua was born, let’s see if we can incorporate anything to do with the Holy Temple and the Temple services. When the Temple stood, there was the twice-daily offering of a male lamb instructed in the Torah called the Tameed (continual) burnt offering (Num 28:3). It was the first and last offering of the day in the Holy Temple. This offering was specific in that it could only be a male lamb without spot or blemish. It had to be perfect, or Tameem (complete, perfect).
According to the Mishnah (Baba K. 7.7), expressly forbids the keeping of flocks throughout the land of Israel, except in the wilderness and the only flocks otherwise kept, would be those for the Temple-services (Baba K. 80a) [Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, Edersheim pg131]
Who were the ‘Shepherds’?
Luke 2:1-20 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered. This was the first registration when Quirinius was governor of Syria. And all went to be registered, each to his own town. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the town of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child. And while they were there, the time came for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.
The Shepherds and the Angels
And in the same region there were shepherds out in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. And an angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with great fear. And the angel said to them, “Fear not, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. And this will be a sign for you: you will find a baby wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger.” And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying,
“Glory to God in the highest,
and on earth peace among those with whom he is pleased!”
When the angels went away from them into heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go over to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us.” And they went with haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the baby lying in a manger. And when they saw it, they made known the saying that had been told them concerning this child. And all who heard it wondered at what the shepherds told them. But Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart. And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, as it had been told them.
“…and, accordingly, that the shepherds, who watched over them, were not ordinary shepherds.” [The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, Edersheim pg 131]
More than likely, these shepherds resided near Bethlehem were none other than the shepherds from ‘Migdal Eder’ who were well aware what the sages of old taught that the Messiah might well be announced from ‘Migdal Eder’ in Bethlehem. There is a good possibility that these Shepherds were either ‘Levites’ or designated Shepherds specifically trained to watch over sheep for Temple Services. I believe that they would have cared for and inspected each newborn lamb of any defects or blemishes and it was these ‘Levites’ (in my opinion) that declared whether or not these ‘newborn’ clean animals were acceptable for Temple service.
The sign: a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a THE manger
The Greek word used here for ‘swaddling cloths’ is sparganoo? spar-gan-o’-o G4683 [Strong’s] From sparganon (a strip; from a derivative of the base of G4682 meaning to strap or wrap with strips); to swathe (an infant after the Oriental custom): – wrap in swaddling clothes. It is interesting that this Greek word is used because it comes from the Greek word σπαράσσω sparasso? G4682, a verb, meaning to convulse or tear. Continuing on with the Strong’s definition: A Related Word by Thayer’s/Strong’s Number: prolongation from spairo (to grasp, apparently strengthened from G4685 through the idea of spasmodic contraction).
What I am getting at here is that this Greek word, translated as ‘swaddling cloths,’ was more applicable to preventing a newborn animal or baby from scratches or injury. To further emphasize my point, In the book “The Chronological Gospels” by Michael Rood, Rood comments on the swaddling cloths from Luke 2:7: “A child of the King and potential heir to the throne was salted and swaddled as part of the initial dedication of the child and in recognition of the parents’ responsibility to raise the child according to the straight path
Eze 16:4 And as for your birth, on the day you were born your cord was not cut, nor were you washed with water to cleanse you, nor rubbed with salt, nor wrapped in swaddling cloths.
Soon after birth, the child was washed with salted water and bound in the swaddling cloths with all of his limbs made straight…Swaddling cloths were made from priests’ garments that were no longer serviceable. This cloth was used for the wicks in the Temple menorah and for swaddling the sons of kings…” (pg. 52).
Harold Smith , in “The Birth- Revisited” writes:
Approaching this subject from the Hebrew perspective will show, that while swaddling “cloths” were used in the handling of newborn babies, swaddling “bands” (as referenced in Job 38:9 (and Eze 16:4)) were used for subduing animals prior to sacrifice. These “swaddling bands” were strips of gauze-like cloth used to restrain a lamb being prepared for inspection before sacrifice to prevent thrashing that they not “blemish” themselves.
Could Yeshua, the ‘Lamb of Elohim, that takes away the sins of the world’ have been born at the birthing place (Tower of the Flock/ Migdal Eder) that was used to bring forth newborn lambs destined for the Temple? The place where the shepherds used to inspect the lambs of any blemish to determine if they could be used for Temple sacrifices? Not only the ‘Tameed’ offering (continual burnt offering), but also the Passover lambs for Israel and the High Priest? Could Yeshua have been wrapped in the clothing of the garments of Temple Levites?
“…Let us know go to Bethlehem…” (continued)
How did the shepherds know where to go? Harold Smith writes:
“There was no need for the angels to give these shepherds directions to the birth place because they already knew. These were the men who raised sacrificial lambs that were sacrificed in the Temple. When the angelic announcement came, they already knew exactly where to go, as Luke 2 indicates, for the sign of the manger could only mean the manger at the base of the Tower of the Flock, as it is found in the original Greek wording of Luke 2:7,12 and 16! You cannot explain the meaning or direction of the sign they were given or their response unless you have the right manger (stall), the right shepherds and the proper Hebraic perspective.”
Extra Thoughts…
Messiah Yeshua, who is The Passover Lamb, came into Jerusalem riding on a donkey
Rabbinic tradition has the High Priest riding on a donkey going to and from Bethlehem (perhaps Migdal Eder?) with his Passover Lamb back into Jerusalem through the ‘Sheep gate’- why is this significant? In the book of Nehemiah we read the following:
Neh 3:1 “Then Eliashib [H475] the High Priest rose up with his brethren the priests, and they builded the sheep gate; they sanctified it, and set up the doors of it; even unto the tower of Meah they sanctified it, unto the tower of Hananeel.” [This was the 1st gate listed in Jerusalem] (emphasis mine)
The meaning of Eliashib is a contraction of two words, ‘el’ and ‘shuv’, meaning El (God) will restore.
Petri Paavola, in his research of “Jerusalem’s gates spiritual meaning” writes the following: “The high priest Eliashib with his brethren and priests built the Sheep Gate and set up its doors. This is the first gate mentioned. The spiritual meaning of the Sheep Gate is that the high priest was building it and that through the Sheep Gate lambs and sheep were brought to the temple, in which they were offered.”
Messiah Yeshua is the High Priest of the renewed Covenant, who is the Lamb, who was offered for the sake of our sins. The Spiritual meaning of the Sheep Gate is the death and offering of the Lamb (Messiah), through which sacrifice, blood and resurrection bring us forgiveness of sins and redemption. According to Nehemiah 3:1, the High Priest was setting up the doors of the Sheep Gate, which means that He is the Door of the sheep. What did Yeshua proclaim? John 10:7 “…I am the door of the sheep.”
*[Side Note] In my opinion, Yeshua came in through the sheep gate, ‘destined’ to be ‘offered’. Yeshua was hoisted on the execution tree at the same time the 1st Tameed offering was offered up in the Temple (the 3rd hour) and after the last Tameed offering at the 9th hour, Yeshua said “It is finished”… dying on that tree to redeem us of our sins (and to restore us back to the Father.) Just as Eliashib (meaning El will restore), the High Priest rebuilt the door to the ‘Father’s House’ –so too, does our High Priest Messiah Yeshua, who is the door, restores us back to the Father !!!
Putting all the clues together
What we know is that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem (Mic 5:2). He was revealed from Migdal Eder (Mic 4:8). This Tower more than likely laid close to the town near the road to Jerusalem (old Hebron road – Hwy 60 in modern-day Israel) and not far away from where the Tomb of Rachel is located (current day). The Mishnah tells us that the flocks which pastured there were destined for Temple sacrifices (Shekinah 7:4). The Mishnah tells us that the shepherds (who I believe were Levites) watching over them were specifically trained to inspect the newborn lambs for any defects. This same location where newborn lambs were born and inspected, destined for sacrifice at the Holy Temple, is the same place that Messiah Yeshua was ‘born’. He was ‘inspected’ to be unblemished, and destined to be offered for us!!! The Shepherds (Levites) would have known the exact place to go look for this ‘sign’ at none other than Migdal Eder.
Here’s what I find fascinating about all this. First, it places Yeshua’s birth in the traditional location for Passover lambs to be born. Fitting, since He became the Passover Lamb of Elohim who took away the sins of the world. Second, it explains how the shepherds knew where to go to find the newborn baby — and why being wrapped in swaddling clothes would be a significant clue. Finally, it explains why those shepherds were notified as it was their holy calling to certify Temple-approved & Passover lambs upon birth.
Something else to think about…
Think of Messiah, as a newborn baby, wrapped or bound at the birthing place of the lambs ‘destined’ for Temple-Sacrifice. The Shepherds (who I believe were of the Levitical Priesthood), who had heard of the sage teachings of Migdal Eder, the Prophecy of Micah 4:8, 5:2 and Genesis 35:21 and the place where Messiah would appear. Think of all the connections of Messiah from his birth until his crucifixion… How much deeper can we draw from this than the Traditional ‘Nativity’ scene that so many people have come to believe?
Shalom & blessings,
Chad
www.returnoftheremnant.com
Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rs0AACIbJbI
REFERENCES
Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, Edersheim 1993
The Birth – Revisitedby Harold Smith
Where was the Birth Place of the Lord Jesus? – Cooper P Abrams III
Jerusalem’s Gates Spiritual Meaning http://www.kotipetripaavola.com/http://www.patheos.com/blogs/faithwalkers/2012/12/was-jesus-born-away-in-a-manger-at-migdal-eder/#ixzz3RZw43lZ2
Jerusalem Talmud,
Babylonian Talmud,
Mishnah
Targum Jonathan
KJV
I, Jacob Howard, wrote Dr. Charlie Dyer, who is the speaker on the Land and the Book Radio, a question about Migdal-Eder, mentioned in Micah 4:8. This was Dr. Dyer’s response.
Jacob,
Thank you for your e-mail, and thanks as well for your kind words! Denny and I both appreciate the privilege God has given us to serve Him in this way. You have encouraged us both!
As far as Midgal Eder is concerned, there is no universal identification of the site. But I do believe it was a real site. The best thing I’ve read on the subject is from Alfred Edersheim’s The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. (You can find his complete work online at Google Books.) I’ll include his quotation here, and then I’ll follow it with a few observations. (I’ll also highlight the key point he makes in the quote.)
But as we pass from the sacred gloom of the cave [i.e., he was just talking about the birth of Jesus in a cave] out into the night, its sky all aglow with starry brightness, its loneliness is peopled, and its silence made vocal from heaven. There is nothing now to conceal, but much to reveal, though the manner of it would seem strangely incongruous to Jewish thinking. And yet Jewish tradition may here prove both illustrative and helpful. That the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem, was a settled conviction. Equally so was the belief, that He was to be revealed from Migdal Eder, “the tower of the flock.” This Migdal Eder was not the watchtower for the ordinary flocks which pastured on the barren sheep ground beyond Bethlehem, but lay close to the town, on the road to Jerusalem. A passage in the Mishnah leads to the conclusion, that the flocks, which pastured there, were destined for Temple-sacrifices, and, accordingly, that the shepherds, who watched over them, were not ordinary shepherds. The latter were under the ban of Rabbinism, on account of their necessary isolation from religious ordinances, and their manner of life, which rendered strict legal observance unlikely, if not absolutely impossible. The same Mishnaic passage also leads us to infer, that these flocks lay out all the year round, since they are spoken of as in the fields thirty days before the Passover—that is, in the month of February, when in Palestine the average rainfall is nearly greatest. Thus, Jewish tradition in some dim manner apprehended the first revelation of the Messiah from that Migdal Eder, where shepherds watched the Temple-flocks all the year round. Of the deep symbolic significance of such a coincidence, it is needless to speak.
—Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, pp. 186-87
If Edersheim is correct (and I believe he is), the location for Migdal Eder would be north of Bethlehem and near the old road from Bethlehem to Jerusalem. (That road is the old “Hebron road” one drives on between Jerusalem and Bethlehem today!) I believe this puts the location somewhere between the Jewish kibbutz of Ramat Rachel and Bethlehem, probably just to the west of Har Homa. There used to be an actual sheepfold in this area where I would take our groups but, sadly, it has been covered over by the modern road that now goes to Har Homa.
A key point here. Edersheim indicates that Migdal Eder was an actual spot, but he is not saying it was a town or village. Rather, the name means “Watchtower of the flock” which seems to identify it as a specific pasture area for sheep. And the sheep that grazed here were those specifically destined for Temple sacrifice. In that sense, the shepherds keeping watch over the temple sacrifices were the ones to whom God announced the birth of the ultimate “sacrificial lamb.”
I’m attaching a screenshot from Google Earth that might be of help in identifying the location for Migdal Eder. Note that Ramat Rachel is at the top of the picture and Bethlehem is at the bottom. The road running along the left side of the picture is the old Hebron Road, and Homat Shemu’el/Har Homa is just to the right of center in the picture. Based on Edersheim’s description, I would place Migdal Eder almost in the center of the picture…north of Bethlehem, just to the west of Har Homa, and east of the road from Bethlehem to Jerusalem. Since the word means “tower of the flock” it is likely a high spot in this area where sheep would graze. The hills right around (or right at) Har Homa are probably the best possible location.
I hope this is helpful!
Charlie
Confirming the the Empty Handed Warning, Earlier this week I read an admonition by Paul:
1Co 9:7 Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Or who shepherds a flock and does not feed on the milk of the flock?
1Co 9:8 Do I say this as a man? Or does not the Torah say the same too?
1Co 9:9 For it has been written in the Torah of Mosheh, “You shall not muzzle an ox while it treads out the grain.” Deu_25:4 Is it about oxen Elohim is concerned?
1Co 9:10 Or does He say it because of us all? For this was written because of us, that he who ploughs should plough in expectation, and the thresher in expectation of sharing.
1Co 9:11 If we have sown spiritual seed among you, is it too much if we reap material goods from you?
1Co 9:12 If others share authority over you, should not rather we? But we have not used this authority, but we put up with all, lest we hinder the Good News of Messiah.
1Co 9:13 Do you not know that those serving the Set-apart Place eat from the Set-apart Place, and those attending at the slaughter-place have their share of the offerings of the slaughter-place?
1Co 9:14 So also the Master instituted that those announcing the Good News should live from the Good News.
Shabbat Shalom
Spiritual Readiness:
Empty Hand: Could symbolize openness to receive spiritual blessings, humility, and dependence on God.
Full Hand: Might indicate being burdened by worldly possessions or self-reliance, which can hinder spiritual growth.
Generosity and Giving:
Empty Hand: Reflects a willingness to give freely, to serve others, and to share resources.
Full Hand: May imply holding tightly to one’s possessions and being less willing to help others.
Preparedness:
Empty Hand: Represents readiness to take on new challenges, being uncluttered and focused.
Full Hand: Could suggest being overwhelmed or distracted by too many commitments or responsibilities.
Practical Implications:
Personal Reflection: Assess what you hold onto in your life and whether it serves your spiritual growth or hinders it.
Community Life: Encourage a culture of generosity and mutual support within your community.
Balanced Living: Strive for a balance between being open to receive blessings and being ready to share those blessings with others.
“Just a few weeks ago we shared with you the deception of the Aleph Tav”
What does this mean; “deception of the Aleph Tav”?
Where is this article?
It doesn’t say that the circumcision has to be done in The Temple, does it?
Nor the dedication!
In Leviticus 12 it says that the boy is to be brought at the door of the Tabernacle, doesn’t it?
I was wondering what should be done as i left the church years ago , then learning about keeping the instructions/torah. I wonder who the apostles tithed to or where. Here there are scatterd people who believe, we give to needy people etc.