Incwadi Yezindaba 5850-014
Usuku lwesi-28 lwenyanga yesi-3 iminyaka engama-5850 ngemva kokudalwa kuka-Adamu
Inyanga yesi-3 Onyakeni Wesihlanu Womjikelezo WeSabatha Wesithathu
Umjikelezo Wesabatha Wesithathu Womjikelezo Wejubili Le-119
Umjikelezo WeSabatha Wokuzamazama Komhlaba, Indlala kanye Nezifo Eziwumshayabhuqe
June 28, 2014
Umndeni wakwaShabbat Shalom,
Njengoba ufunda lokhu, ngizobe ngethula izimfundiso zonyaka weSabatha noweJubili eCalgary. Asikhulekele ukuthi konke kuhambe kahle ukuze baqonde ubukhulu balesi sihloko. Uma usendaweni, ngilangazelela ukukhuluma nawe. SiseFish and Game Hall e-Hillcrest Alberta.
E-Columbus, e-Ohio ngo-Agasti 2 kanye no-3rd ka-2014, ngizobe ngethula le mfundiso kanye nemfundiso ye-Blood moon kanye ne-Case for War. Kufanele ubhalise ukuze sithole igumbi elifanele. Ngithanda ukukhuthaza bonke abasemabandleni kaNkulunkulu ukuthi baphume bafunde abangakufundisi ngeminyaka yeSabatha. Ukuze uthole izikhombisi-ndlela zokuya ehholo sicela uthinte
Bafowethu, konke enikubona kwenzeka lapha ku sightedmoon.com empeleni kwenziwa yimina. Anginabasebenzi. Nginomfana wakwa-IT, uJames ophethe isizindalwazi nanoma yini yobuchwepheshe engidinga usizo ngayo. Nginabesifazane abambalwa abavolontiya ukusiza ukuhlela isipelingi sami esibi kanye nohlelo lolimi. Ngiyakwazi ukuqasha insizwa ezoqopha ngevidiyo ezinye zezimfundiso engicabanga ukuthi kufanele ziqoshwe. Unami eCalgary kule mpelasonto siqopha ezinye izimfundiso ezimbalwa azokwabelana ngazo nawe. Isibuyekezo ngomzuzu wokugcina: UJames ulahlekelwe yipasi lakhe futhi kudingeke ukuthi akhansele, ngakho-ke ngeke siziqophe lezi zimfundiso okwamanje. Izinyanga eziyisi-6 zegazi kanye necala lempi, i-20 Proof's kuzodingeka iqoshwe ngevidiyo ngesinye isikhathi. Ngakho siyayidinga imithandazo yenu ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze sithole isibusiso sikaJehova.
Ngikutshela lokhu ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani ezinye izinto zithatha isikhathi eside kangaka ukuba ngizenze. Ngisebenza ngokugcwele ngimba imisele izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. Ngifuna ukunibonga ngokubekezela kwenu njengoba ngilungisa izinto. Emasontweni ambalwa edlule sikwazile ukwenza izinto ezimbalwa ezinkulu.
Sisanda kuthola umshini wokukopisha we-DVD yethu ngakho manje sesingaqala ukuthumela izimfundiso zevidiyo ngayinye kulabo abazifunayo. Sizwile ukuthi abanye babengenakho noma banqunyelwe kanjani ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Abanye babenezihlobo nabangane ababengenayo nhlobo i-inthanethi, futhi babefuna ukwabelana ngala mavidiyo nemindeni yabo. Ngakho-ke, siqhubekile futhi sizoba nazo zonke lezo zimfundiso ongazithenga futhi wabelane ngazo. Amavidiyo ethu akuwebhusayithi azohlala ekhona futhi ahlale ekhululekile ukuze wonke umuntu abukwe, kodwa kuzodingeka uthenge ama-DVD. Ziyathengiswa kusizindalwazi sethu kodwa angikakatholi ukuthi ngiwenza kanjani amakhophi. Ngakho-ke yiba nesineke njengoba ngilungisa lokhu, futhi ngizogcwalisa noma yimaphi ama-oda ngaleso sikhathi.
Isimemezelo sethu sesibili ukuthi sithole idokodo emcimbini we-ICEJ Sukkot eJerusalema, osekuqinisekisiwe manje. Balindele ukuthi kube nabantu abaphakathi kuka-5,000-8,000 abavela emazweni angaphezu kuka-90 ukuze bagcine uMkhosi. Lokhu kuyinto enkulu futhi ithuba elingase libe khona lokuhlanganyela ngeminyaka yeSabatha nabazalwane nabaholi alinakuqhathaniswa nanoma iyiphi enye indawo.
Safaka isicelo edokodweni ngosuku lokuqala abakhululwa ngalo futhi sathola ukukhetha kwethu okwesithathu, njengoba ababili bokuqala base bengasekho. Sinedokodo elingu-8. Ngidinga usizo lwakho futhi. Sesivele silikhokhele idokodo kanye nesikhangiso esiphelele sekhasi kumagazini woMkhosi, lowo nalowo ohambele umcimbi azokwamukela futhi abhekisele kukho. Kudingeka sakhe idokodo elihloniphekile elifanele iNkosi esiyikhonzayo. Ukwesekwa kwakho kule ndawo kungabongwa.
Ukube bekungengenxa yokuphana kwabantu abambalwa abengekho amavidiyo abengenziwa noma atholakale, amavidiyo iningi lenu elithe awakholakali futhi ayamangaza. Ngithanda ukubonga kini nonke enibe nesandla kulo msebenzi futhi nasisiza kuze kube manje. Emcimbini we-ICEJ, usisiza ukuba sifinyelele kumaKristu athanda u-Israyeli futhi agcina uMkhosi kodwa angawaqondi zonke ezinye Izinsuku Ezingcwele noma iminyaka yeSabatha kanye neziprofetho asibonisa zona. Sicela uthumele isheke noma usebenzise i-Paypal ekhasini lomnikelo. Sicela usisize senze le ngxenye yomsebenzi.
Ngithanda futhi ukubonga kini enizinika isikhathi sokubhala inothi elifushane ukuze ningitshele ukuthi umsebenzi esininike wona unibusise kangakanani, nokuthi manje senihlanganyela la maqiniso nabahlanganyeli nomndeni wenu. Anginaso isikhathi sokuphendula lawo manothi, kodwa ngifuna nonke nazi ukuthi asho lukhulu kangakanani kimi. Futhi, baningi kakhulu kubantu abasha abafunda yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi, ngiyabonga ngokungazisa ukuthi lo msebenzi usho okuthile kuwe.
Kuleli sonto ngithintwe abaholi ababili bakamesiya mayelana neMinyaka YeSabatha. Nina enibhalela ngamunye walabo thisha ngicela niqhubeke, njengoba nivuna imiphumela. Cabanga nje ukuthi bangaki abantu oyobafinyelela lapho usukwazi ukusiza uthisha aqonde iminyaka yeSabatha neyeJubili. Sicela uqhubeke futhi ungayeki. Ngithemba ukuthi ngizokwazi ukuba nesimemezelo esikhethekile mayelana nalokhu maduze.
Ngisaqhubeka nokuhlangana namaqembu abantu abanesithukuthezi sokufunda imibhalo. Bacabanga ukuthi sebekwazi konke. Uma sebekucabangile konke babe sebephendukela kokuthi….bengizama ukuthola igama elimnandi kodwa….baphendukela ezimfundisweni zokuhlubuka. Abanye bangena bajule kuzo zonke izimfundiso zozungu abangazithola. Sekuyiminyaka ngithunyelelwa izinto ngoBill Clinton njengoSathane, kwase kuba uGeorge Bush futhi manje sekunguMongameli Obama. Bafunda ukuthi bangabe besathemba lutho oluvela kuHulumeni, bese lokhu kushintshela ekubeni bangathembi muntu ophethe bese bevele bengathembi muntu. Bayisiqhingi sabo.
Abanye bachitha isikhathi sabo befuna izwi ngalinye lemiQulu YasoLwandle Olufile, kanye neNcwadi ka-Enoke neNcwadi kaJasheri noma izincwadi zikaBarnaba nezinye izincwadi ze-apocrypha, bezama ukuba “NGUYE” othola iqiniso elisha eliye lafika. akukaze kwembulwe kubantu ngaphambili; amaSabatha enyanga aqhubeka eshintsha izimfundiso zawo lapho eseboniswe ukuthi zingamanga; nabanye abangeke bahlanganise lutho nhlobo nanoma yini engumJuda. Ngiphinde ngathola abantu abaphikisana ngezihloko eziyimpikiswano ngaso sonke isikhathi, bangalokothi baxazulule inkinga kodwa bagcina ukudideka kuqhubeke ukuze bazwakale ngalokho abakwaziyo. Kuzo zonke lezi zibonelo, ngithole ukuthi abantu abajule kulezi zinto bahlakaniphe kakhulu kunathi sonke futhi bayakwazi.
1Co 1: 26 Ngokuba bhekani ukubizwa kwenu, bazalwane, ukuthi ababaningi abahlakaniphileyo ngokwenyama abizwa, ababaningi abanamandla, ababaningi abayizikhulu. 27 Kodwa uNkulunkulu ukhethile izinto zobuthutha zomhlaba ukuze ajabhise ezihlakaniphileyo; futhi uNkulunkulu ukhethe izinto ezibuthakathaka zezwe ukuze ajabhise izinto ezinamandla; 28 futhi uNkulunkulu ukhethile izinto eziphansi zezwe, nezinto ezidelelwayo, nezinto ezingekho, ukuze achithe izinto ezikhona; 29 ukuze kungabikho nyama ezibonga phambi kwakhe.
Ngike ngakhuluma ngokumelene nokubamba iqhaza kulezi zinto esikhathini esedlule. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ngenza kanjalo, ngithola inqwaba yezincwadi ezinenzondo engilahla esihogweni somlilo ngenxa yokungakholelwa ebuwula obunjalo. Baququde bese bayahlanya bahambe. Kungemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela lapho abanye babo bebhala futhi baxolise, bese bengitshela ukuthi ngangiqinisile. Lawa ma-junkies e-Chemtrail kanye nabasekeli be-HAARP abalokothi babone ukuthi baholwa kanjani kude neqiniso levangeli, iqiniso leTorah futhi empeleni balandela omunye unkulunkulu, unkulunkulu wesihlahla solwazi kanye nobubi. Ngayinye yalezi zimfundiso ineqiniso elithile kuzo kodwa zonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, zikuholela kude noJehova. Angikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi ngiphatheke kabi kanjani lapho ngizwa izingane zithi angingene ngaphakathi ngenxa yamaChemtrails eziwabona esibhakabhakeni.
UJehova akakaze akhulume ngeChemtrails noma i-HAARP. UJehova akazange akhulume ngencwadi kaJasheri noma ka-Enoke. Kumelwe ukuba uJehova uElohim owaphefumulela iTorah uyazibuza ukuthi kungani ucabanga ukuthi akhohlwe okuthile encwadini yaKhe ephefumulelwe manje esiyibiza ngokuthi iBhayibheli. Ngayinye yalezi zincwadi ze-apocrypha iye yatholakala ezingxenyeni zaseGeniza zeSinagoge. Noma yiziphi izincwadi zokuhlubuka noma imibhalo yesandla yayingavunyelwe ukuba ishiswe noma ilahlwe kudoti uma inegama likaJehova phakathi kwayo. Bayalwa ukuba bayibeke embizeni yobumba bese beyigqiba endaweni ecashile ngaphambili, ngakwesokudla kwesinagoge. Isizathu sokuthi lezi zincwadi zingabikho ebhayibhelini yingoba zitholakala zinephutha. Isibonelo, incwadi kaJasher ayihlanganisi uma wenza izibalo, futhi lokho kusesahluko sokuqala.
Ngenxa yakho, sicela uyeke ukufunda konke lokho okungenamsoco abanye abakuthumela kona. Lisuse futhi ungazifaki emangeni kaSathane akudukisa kude noJehova. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi sabelane ngezimfundiso esinazo emasontweni amabili edlule nakuleli sonto. Lezi zimfundiso zozungu zifihla iqiniso. Lapho abantu ekugcineni sebesiqonda iSivumelwano uSathane asenze nabaningi, akekho oyosikholwa ngenxa yokuthi baye bahlaselwa ngezimfundiso eziningi zamanga, zonke ezisakazwa “Abazalwane” asebezidelele ngawo wonke la maqhinga omsebenzi wamantongomane.
Isa 8: 11 Ngokuba uJehova wakhuluma kimi kanjalo ngesandla esinamandla, wangixwayisa ukuba ngingahambi ngendlela yalaba bantu, ethi: 12 Ungasho ukuthi, Uzungu! kukho konke abakushoyo laba bantu ukuthi, Ugobe! Futhi ningesabi ukwesaba kwabo, futhi ningesabi. 13 Ngcwelisa uJehova Sebawoti uqobo, futhi vumela Yena be ukumesaba, futhi makabe yingebhe yenu.
Igama elithi uzungu lapha empeleni liwumfelandawonye noma ukuvukela umbuso. Ungabesabi laba bantu abavukela umbuso noma izinto abazishoyo. Ungawesabi ama-chemtrails, ngoba angamanga. Ungesabi i-HAARP, ngoba futhi ingamanga. Kunalokho, yesabani uJehova futhi nimlalele. Yesabani intukuthelo yakhe, hhayi imicabango yabantu.
Njengoba ngishilo ochungechungeni lwethu lokuvula lezi zindaba zekhalenda, mina no-Schalk Klee besixoxa ngazo ngePhasika kulo nyaka. Ubenocwaningo oluningi aseluvele lwenziwe futhi sasivumelana ngalezi zinto. Bayanda labo abafunda ngeTorah, sebephumile emangeni enkolo yobuKristu, baqala ukuhlola konke ababekukholelwa kanye nezinto ezintsha abazifundayo, njengoba kufanele sonke. Kodwa abanye bayakhubeka bagcine sebejaha ama-herrings abomvu, okuholela ekulimaleni kwawo. Ingabe uJehova wayengabavumela ngempela abantu Bakhe ukuba bangazi ngeSabatha noma Izinsuku Ezingcwele iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3,000? Ingabe uYehshua akashongo okuthile? Abanye abantu beqa ngempela, lapho ubulula bamaqiniso bukukhombisa ukuthi ngisho nengane ingakwazi ukusho isikhathi noma isizini. Akuyona isayensi ye-rocket.
http://www.setapartpeople.com/enoch-calendar
Ukuhlubuka kweKhalenda lika-Enoke
Ibhalwe ngu Schalk_no-Elsa ku. Kuthunyelwe ku Izimfundiso zamanga, Izikhathi ezimisiwe zika-YHVH
Kokunye okuthunyelwe kwethu kwakamuva, sixoxile ikhalenda futhi imvelaphi. Isihloko esisodwa esingakakhulumi ngaso yisihloko sekhalenda yelanga - eyaziwa nangokuthi ikhalenda ye-Enoch. Sisanda kubona amaqembu athile eqala ukukhuthaza ikhalenda lika-Enoch ngokuthi “original” ikhalenda elithi YHVH. Ngokwaleli qembu, amakhalenda asekelwe osukwini lwenyanga avela ngemva kokudingiselwa eBabiloni. Abalandeli bekhalenda lika-Enoke bafundisa ukuthi ikhalenda yenyanga yinto isizwe esayithatha kwabaseBhabhiloni. Ngokusho kwabo, ikhalenda yenyanga ayizange ibe yingxenye yenkathi yethempeli lokuqala. Lesi sihloko siphinde sihlobane kahle nocwaningo lwakamuva olujulile mayelana ne ImiQulu YasoLwandle Olufile futhi amaEssene.
Sivame ukufunda ukuthi enye yezindlela zokuchaza umbono oyiphutha wokuthi u-Y'Shua wayegcina isidlo sePesach ngosuku olwandulele wonke umphakathi, iqiniso lokuthi Wayelandela elinye ikhalenda. Ngokuvamile, ikhalenda okubhekiselwa kulo ikhalenda elilandelwa ama-Essene. Kwethu isihloko esandulele, sibonise ukuthi u-Y'Shua cishe wayemelene no-Essene. Waxwayisa abalandeli Bakhe ngezimfundiso zamaEssene.
Ake senze ucwaningo oluningiliziwe ngekhalenda lika-Enoch kanye nekhalenda lama-Essene. Lapho sazi okwengeziwe ngaleli khalenda yilapho singanquma kangcono ukuthi ikhalenda elingokomBhalo liyini.
Umsuka wekhalenda
Akukho okurekhodiwe kwekhalenda lika-Enoke emBhalweni. Singathola umsuka okungenzeka kakhulu noma ubufakazi baleli khalenda ezincwadini zika-Enoke namaJubili. Lezi zincwadi ezimbili azikwenzi uhlu lwethu lwamanje lwemiBhalo.
Sinemibhalo eminingi encwadini yamaJubili ecaphuna iziqephu zeNcwadi ka-Enoke. Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi incwadi ka-Enoke yalotshwa kuqala. Yabe isilandelwa yincwadi yamaJubili kwase kulandela imibhalo yomphakathi waseQumran. Izincwadi zika-Enoke nezamaJubili azaziwa kahle. Ake siqale sithole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalezi zincwadi ezimbili.
Umlando wezincwadi
Lezi zincwadi ezimbili aziyona ingxenye ye- Iqoqo lemibhalo engcwele ukuthi ubuJuda noma inkolo yobuKrestu iyabubona. Lezi zincwadi zihlukaniswa ngokuthi “I-Pseudepigrapha yeTestamente Elidala.” Lezi zincwadi zabhalwa sekwephuzile, uma ziqhathaniswa nezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Lezi zincwadi zamukelwa kuphela amasonto aseTopiya (AmaKristu Obu-Orthodox namaJuda.) Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, nakuba iBeta Israel, eyaziwa nangokuthi amaJuda aseTopiya, ibona zombili lezi zincwadi njengezincwadi zeBhayibheli, basalandela ikhalenda lenyanga. Ikhalenda labo liyinhlanganisela yekhalenda lasendulo le-Alexandrian Jewry, Book of Jubilees, Book of Enoch, Abu Shaker kanye nekhalenda likaGe'ez.
Emigedeni yasogwadule lwaseJudiya, abavubukuli bathola izingcezu zencwadi ka-Enoke. (1Q23-24, 2Q26, 4Q201-212, 4Q530-33, 6Q8) Iningi lezingcezu ezitholiwe zincane kakhulu ukuthi zingahumushela esiNgisini. Akuzona zonke izingxenye zencwadi ka-Enoke ezazikhona eQumran. Izingcezu ezitholakele zazingesi-Aramu. Izinguqulo zesi-Aramu zencwadi azihlangani kahle nokuhumusha kwe-Ge'ez (Ethiopian). I-4Q209, i-Astronomical Book, enguqulweni yesi-Aramu yinde kunenguqulo ye-Ge'ez. Futhi, inguqulo yesi-Aramu etholakala eQumran yeNcwadi Yezizukulwane, ayikho ekuhumusheni kweGe'ez. Kodwa le ncwadi ilondolozwe ezincwadini zamaJuda zangenkathi ephakathi. Lokhu kukhomba kithi ukuthi umbhalo wale ncwadi awulondolozwanga kahle. Asazi nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezafakwa ekuqaleni nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezazengezwa kamuva.
Siphinde sibe nobufakazi kwa ImiQulu YasoLwandle Olufile ukuthi iNcwadi yamaJubili ekuqaleni yayibhalwe ngesiHeberu. Ngemva kwalokho yahunyushelwa esiGrekini. Emigedeni yasogwadule lwaseJudiya, abavubukuli bathola izingcezu ezimbalwa zale ncwadi ngesiHebheru. Bathola izingcezwana eziyishumi nambili zeNcwadi yamaJubili. Izingcezu ezithile kuphela ezitholakala emhumeni 4 ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi zingahunyushelwa esiZulwini. (4Q216 – 4Q220) EQumran, kwatholakala izingcezu zezincwadi eziseduze namaJubili kodwa ezingafani ncamashi. Abacwaningi babize lezi “pseudo- Jubilees” (4Q225-227.) Siphinde sithole kukhulunywa ngencwadi yamaJubili eMbhalweni waseDamaseku. Lapha, le ncwadi isebenzisa igama lesiHebheru lokuqala - “Incwadi Yokuhlukaniswa Kwezikhathi KumaJubile Namaviki awo” – CD 16.2-4. Ngokusekelwe emibhalweni yesandla yesiHeberu etholakele, kubonakala sengathi izinguqulo zeJubili zeGe'ez (Ethiopia) zisanembile.
Kuzo zombili izincwadi, imibhalo yesandla ephelele kakhulu ikhona kuphela ku-Ge'ez. IsiGe'ez ulimi lwasendulo lwamaSemite lwaseNingizimu olwadabuka e-Eritrea kanye nesifunda esisenyakatho ye-Ethiopia. Sinobufakazi bokuthi lezi zincwadi zahunyushwa zisuka kusiHebheru/Aramaic zayiswa esiGrekini, isiGreek zayiswa esiLatini futhi zisuka esiGrekini zayiswa eGe'ez.
Okuqukethwe kwezincwadi
U-Enoke
Incwadi ka-Enoke inezingxenye eziningi ezahlanganiswa njengencwadi eyodwa umhleli wakamuva. Le ncwadi iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- Incwadi Yabalindi - Izahluko 1-36 kufaka phakathi izingcezu zeNcwadi kaNowa ezahlukweni 6-11.
- Incwadi Yemifanekiso - Izahluko 37-71 yaziwa nangokuthi Incwadi Yezifaniso
- Incwadi Yezinkanyiso - Izahluko 72-82
- Imibono Yephupho - Izahluko 83-90
- Isakhiwo Esibucayi - Izahluko 91-104
- UNkulunkulu noMesiya ukuhlala kuMuntu - Isahluko 105
- Ucezu lwesiLatini lwencwadi kaNowa - Izahluko 106-107
- Isithasiselo sengezwe kamuva - Isahluko 108
Izingxenye zale ncwadi azibhalwanga umlobi oyedwa. Kuyavela futhi ukuthi lezi zincwadi azihlelwanga ngokulandelana kwezikhathi. Ababhali bazo zonke izigaba bangabaseChasid noma abalandeli babo abaFarisi. Incwadi Yezinkanyiso ibonakala iyindala kakhulu, yangekhulu lesithathu BC Incwadi Yabalindi iqukethe izingxenye zeNcwadi Yezinkanyiso, okubonisa ukuthi yahlanganiswa kamuva. Incwadi Yemifanekiso ibonakala ingeyakamuva kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi yalotshwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala BC Le ngxenye yale ncwadi ayizange itholakale emiqulwini yaseQumran. Futhi, Incwadi Yezikhanyiso etholakala eQumran yinde kakhulu kunezinguqulo zase-Ethiopia.1
Incwadi Yezinkanyiso yethulwe njengesambulo esivela engelosini enkulu u-Uriyeli (u-YHVH ungukukhanya kwami.) Encwadini, u-Enoke uhumusha indodana yakhe uMethusela, konke u-Uriyeli ambonise kona mayelana nemithetho yendawo yonke nokuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani. Inhloso yalo msebenzi ukukhombisa ukufana kokudalwa kuka-YHVH. Iphinde ibonise ukuthi ukunyakaza kwezinkanyiso kanye nokuvunguza komoya kuqinisekisa kanjani lokhu.
Ngokwale modeli umkhathi ufana nenkomishi ebheke phansi esosweni. Isoso wumhlaba futhi lapho kuhlangana khona indebe nesosi, kunamasango ayishumi nambili. La masango yilapho kuphuma khona ilanga nenyanga phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-12 zonyaka. Ilanga liyaphuma esangweni lasempumalanga, liphinde lishone ngasesangweni lasentshonalanga elihambisana nalo. Eduze kwala masango kunamafasitela amaningi lapho izinkanyezi ziphuma futhi zinyamalale. Le phethini isuselwe ekhalendeni lelanga lezinsuku ezingama-364. Ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezi-4, ngasinye sinezinsuku ezingama-91. Izinyanga zihlanganisa izinsuku ezingu-30, ngaphandle kwezinyanga ezingu-3, 6, 9 kanye ne-12. Lezi zinyanga ezine iyinye inosuku olwengeziwe. Ezingcezu zesi-Aramu ezitholakala eQumran (4Q208-9), siphinde sibe nohlu oluhlotshaniswa nokunyakaza kwelanga nenyanga phakathi nomjikelezo waminyaka yonke.
Lokhu kubonakala kuwukuqopha okudala kakhulu esinakho kwekhalenda lelanga.
AmaJubili
INcwadi yamaJubili iwukuphinda kulandiswe kuGenesise 1 kuya ku-Eksodusi 12. Iyehluka ngokuthi lo msebenzi uwukuhunyushwa kombhalo. Umbhali kwesinye isikhathi usebenzisa amagama afanayo ncamashi. Kwesinye isikhathi uyawususa umbhalo bese kuthi kwezinye wengeze incazelo yakhe embhalweni. Ukulandisa kabusha nakho kulandela ukulandelana kwezikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbhali wahlanganisa imibhalo yezincwadi ezahlukene zeTorah. Umbhali uphinde wasusa ukuphikisana okucatshangwayo. Lokhu kusinikeza `i-targum' encwadini kaGenesise neka-Eksodusi.
Umbhali wengeza eyakhe incazelo yemiBhalo ezindaweni eziningana. Lokhu ukwenza ngokwengeza umusho othi “Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kulotshiwe (noma kwamiswa) ezibhebheni zasezulwini ….” Ngokwesibonelo, uthi ubunqunu bunqatshelwe ngoba u-YHVH wembathisa u-Adamu no-Eva. Uphinde asebenzise indlela efanayo ukuphikisa ukuthi ikhalenda lelanga kufanele lilandelwe ukugubha umkhosi2:
AmaJubili 6:17-18
17 Ngenxa yalokhu kumisiwe, kulotshiwe ezibhebheni zezulu, ukuba bagubhe umkhosi wamasonto ngale nyanga kanye ngomnyaka, benze kabusha isivumelwano iminyaka ngeminyaka. 18 Wonke lomkhosi wawugujwa ezulwini kusukela osukwini lokudalwa kwaze kwaba ezinsukwini zikaNowa, amajubili angamashumi amabili nesithupha namaviki amahlanu eminyaka; uNowa namadodana akhe bawugcina amajubili ayisikhombisa nesonto elilodwa leminyaka, kwaze kwaba usuku lukaNowa. ukufa, futhi kusukela osukwini lokufa kukaNowa amadodana akhe akuqeda (it) kuze kufike ezinsukwini zika-Abrahama, futhi badla igazi.1
Inhloso enkulu yombhali ukuthola amaJuda esikhathi sakhe ukuthi abuyele eTorah. Unesithakazelo ngokukhethekile ku-halakhah, indlela le mithetho okufanele iphile ngayo. Ukuze akhuthaze amaJuda ukuba agcine le mithetho, ngezinye izikhathi wengeza umbhalo ukuze aphakamise ukubaluleka kweminye yemithetho. Ngokwesibonelo, uthi uNowa wenza umhlatshelo ofanelekayo:
AmaJubili 7:3-5
3Walugubha ngokujabula usuku lwalowo mkhosi, wanikela ngomhlatshelo wokushiswa kuJehova, inkabi eyodwa nenqama eyodwa, nezimvu eziyisikhombisa ezinomnyaka munye, nezinyane lembuzi, ukuze enze ukubuyisana ngakho. yena kanye namadodana akhe. 4 Walungisa izinyane lembuzi kuqala, wabeka elinye igazi layo enyameni eyayiphezu kwe-altare alenzile, namanoni onke wawabeka phezu kwe-altare lapho enzela khona umnikelo wokushiswa, nenkunzi, nenqama, namanoni. izimvu, wabeka yonke inyama yazo e-altare. 5 Wabeka phezu kwalo yonke iminikelo yabo exovwe namafutha; ngasemuva wafafaza iwayini emlilweni abewenza ngaphambili e-altare, wabeka impepho e-altare, wanyusa iphunga elimnandi phambi kukaJehova uNkulunkulu wakhe.1 Uthi futhi uJakobe wakhokha okweshumi kukho konke ayenakho (kuhlanganise nezingubo zakhe). UJakobe wabeka indodana yakhe uLevi umpristi wokwenza iminikelo ngolwe-15 lwenyanga.
AmaJubili 32:2-4
2 UJakobe wavuka ekuseni ngolweshumi nane lwaleyo nyanga, wanikela okweshumi kwakho konke ayeza naye, abantu nezinkomo, negolide, nazo zonke izitsha, nezingubo, yebo, wanikela okweshumi kwakho konke. 3Ngalezo zinsuku uRaheli wakhulelwa indodana yakhe uBhenjamini. UJakobe wabala amadodana akhe kusukela kuye phezulu; uLevi wawela isabelo sikaJehova; uyise wamembathisa izingubo zobupristi, wagcwalisa izandla zakhe. 4 Ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu lwaleyo nyanga waletha e-altare izinkunzi eziyishumi nane phakathi kwezinkomo, nezinqama ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili, nezimvu ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalolunye, namawundlu ayisikhombisa, nezimpongo ezingamashumi amabili nanye zibe ngumnikelo wokushiswa. i-altare lomhlatshelo, limnandi kakhulu, libe yiphunga elimnandi phambi kuka-YHVH.1
Ezahlukweni ezimbili zokugcina umbhali unikeza nencazelo enemininingwane yokuthi iSabatha nomkhosi wePhasika kufanele ugujwe kanjani.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umbhali ulandela ukulandelana kwezikhathi ekulandiseni kwakhe kabusha. Lokhu kubalwa kwezikhathi kusekelwe ekhalendeni lelanga futhi kusebenzisa amajubhili njengophawu olukhulu lwesikhathi. Umbhali uthi ikhalenda elambulelwa u-Enoke yingelosi u-Uriel, njengekhalenda leqiniso.
AmaJubhili 4.16-18
16 Ngejubili leshumi nanye uJarede wazithathela umfazi, igama lakhe lalinguBaraka, indodakazi kaRasûjâl, indodakazi yomfowabo kayise, ngesonto lesine laleli jubili, wamzalela indodana ngesonto lesihlanu. ngomnyaka wesine wejubili, waqamba igama layo ngokuthi u-Enoke. 17 Futhi waba ngowokuqala phakathi kwabantu abazelwe emhlabeni owafunda umbhalo nolwazi nokuhlakanipha futhi owabhala phansi izibonakaliso zezulu ngokulandelana kwezinyanga zabo encwadini, ukuze abantu bazi izinkathi zeminyaka njengokwesiprofetho. ukuhleleka kwezinyanga zabo ezihlukene. 18 Waba ngowokuqala ukubhala ubufakazi, wafakaza kubantwana babantu ezizukulwaneni zomhlaba, walanda amasonto ejubili, wabazisa izinsuku zeminyaka, wahlela kahle izinyanga. futhi walandisa amaSabatha eminyaka njengoba sasiwenza (bona), awazi kuye. 1
Ngokungafani no-Enoke, umbhali wamaJubili ucacisa mayelana nekhalenda lelanga eliwukuphela kwekhalenda. Ubeka ngqo isitatimende sokuthi abantu bazoqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukulandela ikhalenda elingelona izinsuku ezingama-364. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi abantu bagubhe izikhathi ezimisiwe ngezinsuku ezingafanele.
AmaJubhili 6.35-38
35 Ngokuba ngiyazi futhi kusukela manje ngizokumemezela kuwe, futhi akukhona okwami ukucabanga; ngokuba incwadi (amanga) elotshwe phambi kwami, nasezibhebheni zezulu kumisiwe ukwahlukaniswa kwezinsuku, bavivinye bakhohlwe imikhosi yesivumelwano, bahambe ngokwemikhosi yabezizwe emva kokuduka kwabo nangokungazi kwabo. 36 Ngoba kuyoba khona labo abayoqaphela ngokuqinisekile inyanga—ukuthi (inyakazisa) kanjani izinkathi zonyaka futhi ingene unyaka nonyaka ngokushesha kakhulu izinsuku eziyishumi. 37 Ngalokho kuyakufika iminyaka phezu kwabo lapho beyakuphazamisa, benze usuku olunengekayo, usuku lobufakazi, nosuku olungcolileyo lube usuku lomkhosi, bajabhise izinsuku zonke, olungcwele kanye nosuku olungcolileyo. okungcolile, nosuku olungcolileyo olungcwele; ngokuba bayakonakala ngezinyanga, namasabatha, nemikhosi, namajubili. 38 Ngenxa yalokhu ngiyakuyala futhi ngiyafakaza kuwe ukuze ufakaze kubo; ngokuba emva kokufa kwakho abantwana bakho bayakuziphazamisa, ukuze bangawenzi unyaka izinsuku ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisithupha nane kuphela, futhi ngenxa yalokho bayakonakala ngokuthwasa kwezinyanga nezinkathi zonyaka namasabatha nemikhosi, bayakudla yonke inhlobo yegazi kanye nayo yonke inhlobo yenyama. 1
Le ncwadi inosuku olusekelwe kulokho okuqukethwe yile ncwadi kanye nenkathi yeminyaka yezingcezu ezitholakala eQumran. Abacwaningi okwamanje babhala iNcwadi Yejubhili endaweni ethile phakathi kuka-175 no-75 BC Usuku lwakamuva lwencwadi lusekelwa yiqiniso lokuthi umbhalo uhlobene kakhulu nombhalo we-Septuagint. Nokho, umbhalo wayo uhluke ngokwanele ukuze ubonise ukuthi awuncikile embhalweni we-Septuagint kuphela.
Kungani lezi zincwadi zingezona izincwadi zeBhayibheli?
U-Enoke
Encwadini kaJuda, sithola inkomba efakazela ukuthi umbhali wayejwayelene nokunye okuqukethwe yiNcwadi ka-Enoke. Kodwa, umbhali kaJuda akasho ukuthi ucaphuna eNcwadini ka-Enoke.
Juda 14-15
14 Ngalaba bantu u-Enoke, wesizukulwane sesikhombisa kusukela ku-Adamu, waprofetha, ethi: “Bheka, uJehova uyeza nezinkulungwane eziningi zabangcwele bakhe, 15 ukuba ahlulele bonke, alahle bonke abangamesabi uNkulunkulu ngazo zonke izenzo zabo zokungamesabi uNkulunkulu abazenzile, nangazo zonke izinto ezimbi izoni ezingamesabi uNkulunkulu ezizikhulume ngaye.”
Ngakho-ke ukuthatha iqiniso lokuthi lezi zincwadi ezimbili ziqukethe izinto ezifanayo, ngeke kube nokunemba. Akuwona umqondo ophusile manje ukusho ukuthi iNcwadi kaJude yenza iNcwadi ka-Enoke ibe yincwadi yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Uma besingalandela lomqondo, bekuzodingeka futhi senze imisebenzi yababhali bamaGreki u-Aratus (Izenzo 17: 28), Menander (I-1 Cor. 15: 33kanye nama-Epimenides (I-Tit. 1:12) ezincwadini zeBhayibheli. UPawulu wabhekisela emibhalweni yabo ezincwadini zakhe.
Okukhathaza kakhulu iNcwadi ka-Enoke yindlela eveza ngayo u-Enoke. Ngokusekelwe emBhalweni we UGenesise 5: 22-24 sinencazelo ka-Enoke enyukela ezulwini.
Genesise 5:22-24
22 Ngemva kokuzalwa kukaMethusela u-Enoke wahamba noYHWH iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu, wazala amadodana namadodakazi. 23 Iyonke imihla ka-Enoke yaba yiminyaka emakhulu mathathu, anamanci mathandathu anamihlanu. 24 U-Enoke wahamba noYHWH; futhi wayengasekho, ngoba uJehova wamthatha.Enoke 1:1–2
1Amazwi esibusiso sika-Enoke, abusisa ngaso abakhethiweyo “na” abalungileyo, abayobe bephila osukwini losizi, lapho bonke ababi “nabangamesabi uNkulunkulu” beyosuswa. 2 Wayesethatha umfanekiso wakhe, wathi: U-Enoke indoda elungileyo, amehlo akhe avulwe nguNkulunkulu, wabona umbono woNgcwele esezulwini, engawuboniswa yizingelosi, ngezwa kuyo konke, Ngaqonda njengoba ngabona, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yalesi sizukulwane, kodwa okwesikhathi esikude esizayo.1
Le ncazelo yenza u-Enoke enyukele ezulwini, ebona umbono we-YHVH futhi ethola ukuhlakanipha okufanele akuhlanganyele nendodana yakhe. Indaba yengelosi ekhombisa u-Enoke izidalwa zasezulwini iyisitayela esifanayo nethempeli eliboniswa uHezekeli. Sibona futhi ku-Enoke 46: 1-3 incazelo ye "Owayenekhanda likaMasuku” kanye nenye ebizwa ngokuthi “INdodana yomuntu. "
Enoke 46:1–3
1 Ngase ngibona khona Owayenenhlanhla yezinsuku,
Futhi ikhanda lakhe lalimhlophe njengoboya bezimvu.
Futhi naye kwakukhona esinye isidalwa esinobuso bomuntu.
ubuso bakhe babugcwele umusa, njengenye yezingelosi ezingcwele.
2 Ngayibuza ingelosi eyayihamba nami futhi yangibonisa zonke izinto ezifihliwe, mayelana naleyo Ndodana yomuntu, ukuthi yayingubani, nokuthi yayivelaphi, (futhi) kungani yahamba neNhloko Yezinsuku?
3 Futhi waphendula wathi kimi:
Le yiNdodana yomuntu onokulunga.
Okuhlala kuye ukulunga;
Futhi owembula yonke ingcebo yalokho okufihliwe.
Ngokuba iNkosi yoMoya imkhethile;
Futhi inkatho yabo inobukhulu phambi kweNkosi yemimoya ngobuqotho kuze kube phakade.1
Lombono uphinda ufane kakhulu nomunye esiwuthola emiBhalweni. Encwadini kaDaniyeli sithola okulandelayo:
Daniyeli 7:13-14
13 “Ngabheka emibonweni yasebusuku, bheka, kwafika namafu ezulu onjengeNdodana yomuntu, yenyuka kuMdala Wezinsuku, wethulwa phambi kwakhe. 14 “Futhi wanikwa ukubusa, inkazimulo nombuso, ukuze bonke abantu, nezizwe, nabantu bazo zonke izilimi bamkhonze. Ukubusa kwakhe kungukubusa okuphakade Okungayikudlula; Nombuso waKhe munye Ongayikuchithwa.
Encwadini kaDaniyeli sibona ukuthi uMesiya ubizwa ngokuthi iNdodana yomuntu. Okwenza iNcwadi ka-Enoke ibe yinkinga enkulu ukuthi kamuva, le ncwadi ichaza ukuthi u-Enoke uba kanjani “INdodana yomuntu. "
Enoke 71:14–15
14 Futhi (okungukuthi ingelosi) yeza kimi futhi yangibingelela ngezwi Layo, yathi kimi:
‘Lena iNdodana yomuntu izalelwe ukulunga,
Futhi ukulunga kuhlala phezu kwakhe,
Nokulunga kweNhloko yezinsuku akuyishiyi.'
15 Futhi wathi kimi:
'Umemezela ukuthula kuwe egameni lezwe elizayo;
Ngoba kusukela lapho kwaphuma ukuthula kusukela ekudalweni komhlaba.
Kuyakuba njalo kuwe kuze kube phakade naphakade.1Umbhali weNcwadi ka-Enoke, ubona u-Enoke enyukela ezulwini ngefu futhi kamuva eba yiNdodana yoMuntu (uMesiya.) Kunoma yimuphi okholwa ku-Y'Shua onguMesiya, lokhu kufanele kube isizathu sokulahla iNcwadi ka-Enoke njenge umbhalo ophefumulelwe.
Indaba encane kakhulu ngencwadi kufanele ibe ukuthi isambulo sinembe kangakanani. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi amanye amaqiniso awembulelwa u-Enoke empeleni awanembile. Nakhu okunye okunganembile okwaziwayo:
- Umjikelezo welanga yizinsuku ezingama-364. Siyazi ukuthi yizinsuku ezingama-365,25. Impikiswano ephikisana nalokhu ukuthi u-Enoke uchaza unyaka welanga ngaphambi kukazamcolo kaNowa. Lokhu akunakuba yiqiniso njengoba u-Enoke echaza nokuthi izinsuku ziba mfishane kanjani futhi zibe zinde njengoba unyaka uqhubeka. Lokhu bekungeke kube njalo “ekhalendeni langaphambi kukaNowa”.
- U-Enoke 72:37 uthi ilanga likhanya ngokuphindwe ka-7 kunenyanga, kodwa lezi ezimbili zilingana ngobukhulu. Siyazi ukuthi lokhu akulungile. Uma umuntu ebuka ilanga nenyanga emhlabeni, kungase kubonakale kufana. Ukube uMdali ubengambulela u-Enoke iqiniso ngezinkanyiso, ngokuqinisekile ubezokwazi ukuthi ilanga likhulu kakhulu kunenyanga.
- Incwadi ka-Enoke ichaza amakhalenda amabili. Inemininingwane yekhalenda yelanga nenyanga. Uma ikhalenda lelanga “liyikhalenda langempela”, kungani ukuchaza kokubili?
Incwadi YamaJubili
Isizathu sokuqala sokungabaza iNcwadi yamaJubili kungaba ukwethembela kwayo okuqinile eNcwadini ka-Enoke. Njengoba sixoxile engxenyeni edlule, kunokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokunye okuqukethwe ku-Enoke.
Esinye isizathu sokungabaza incwadi yamaJubili kungaba ukunganembi kwayo kokulandelana kwezikhathi. Umbhali uthatha ukuma okuqinile ngokubaluleka kweminyaka yesabatha neyejubili, kodwa nokho uyakuthola kungalungile. Ngokwesibonelo, amaJubili 4:21 athi u-Enoke wayeneminyaka eyisithupha yamaJubili ku-YHVH, kodwa IGen 5: 22 uthi u-Enoke wayeneminyaka engu-300 eno-YHVH.
AmaJubili 4.21
Wayenaye nezingelosi zika-YHVH lawo majubili ayisithupha eminyaka, zambonisa konke okusemhlabeni nokusezulwini, ukubusa kwelanga, waloba phansi konke.1
UGenesise 5: 22
22 Ngemva kokuzalwa kukaMethusela u-Enoke wahamba noYHWH iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu, wazala amadodana namadodakazi.
Lokhu kungasho ukuthi iJubili yiminyaka engama-50. Lokhu kungqubuzana nayo yonke incwadi yamaJubili (AmaJubili 23.8:XNUMX). Ake sibheke esinye isibonelo. Sinemininingwane elandelayo ngo-Abrahama:
AmaJubhili 11.14-15
14 Futhi kulelijubili lamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye, ngeviki Lesibili ngomnyaka wokuqala, uThera wazithathela umfazi, ogama lakhe lalingu-Edna, indodakazi ka-Abrama, indodakazi kadadewabo kayise. 15 Ngomnyaka wesikhombisa waleli sonto wamzalela indodana, wayiqamba igama lokuthi u-Abrama ngegama likayise kanina; ngoba wayefile indodakazi yakhe ingakakhulelwa indodana.1
AmaJubili 22.1
Kwathi ngeviki lokuqala, ngejubili lamashumi amane nane, ngomnyaka wesibili, okungumnyaka u-Abrahama afa ngawo, bafika o-Isaka no-Ishmayeli bephuma emthonjeni wesifungo ukuba bagubhe umkhosi wamasonto; okungukuthi, umkhosi wolibo lwesivuno – ku-Abrahama uyise; u-Abrahama wathokoza, ngokuba amadodana akhe amabili ayefikile.1
AmaJubili 23.8
Waphila amajubili amathathu namaviki amane eminyaka, iminyaka eyikhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu, waqeda izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe, esemdala, esanelisiwe yizinsuku. 1
Ngokwala mavesi, u-Abrahama wazalwa ngejubili lamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye, unyaka wesikhombisa womjikelezo wesibili. U-Abrahama wafa ngejubili lamashumi amane nane ngonyaka wesibili womjikelezo wokuqala. Kodwa, uma sengeza amajubili angu-3 ekuzalweni kwakhe sifika ejubilini lama-42 futhi uma sengeza eminye imijikelezo emi-4 sifinyelela onyakeni wesikhombisa womjikelezo wesithupha. Ngakho-ke sinejubili okungenani elilodwa elilahlekile ndawana thize. Umbhali uzama ukugcina umbhalo wakhe uhambisana nencwadi ka UGenesise 25: 7. Ngenqubo uthola izibalo zakhe konke okungalungile.
Ama-Essene
Eminingi yale miqulu isichazela ikhalenda lama-Essene. Asikwazi konke ngekhalenda labo, kodwa emibhalweni yabo singafunda okuningi ngemikhuba yabo.
Babelandela ikhalenda lezinyanga eziyishumi nambili lapho unyaka unezinsuku ezingama-364. Umqulu Wethempeli (11QTemple) uchaza leli khalenda ngokuningiliziwe. Umhleli womqulu, u-Yigael Yadin, wathi lo mqulu waba khona ngesikhathi sikaJohn Hyrcanus. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi umqulu ube ngowe-135 kuya kowe-104 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu.
Ngaleli khalenda, usuku lokuqala lonyaka luzohlala lungolwesine lwesonto ngemva kwe-spring equinox. Ama-Essene akwenza lokhu ngoba u-YHVH wadala ilanga ngosuku lwesine. Lokhu-ke kusho ukuthi izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala zokudala zazingaphambi kokuqala konyaka wokuqala. Ngakho sinezinsuku ezintathu ezingezona ezanoma yimuphi unyaka.
Izinyanga nazo zinephethini emisiwe. Kukhona njalo izinyanga eziyishumi nambili onyakeni. Inyanga ngayinye yizinsuku ezingama-30. Njalo ngekota babengeza usuku olwengeziwe. Ngakho ukulandelana kungu-30; 30; 31. Ikhalenda liphindaphinda ukulandelana izikhathi ezine ukwenza ingqikithi yezinyanga eziyishumi nambili. Lokhu kwagcina kuwunyaka wezinsuku ezingama-4.
Ngaphandle kwalapho kwenziwa ushintsho oluthile ngezikhathi ezithile ekhalendeni lama-Essene lezinsuku ezingu-364, isikhathi sokugcinwa kwemikhosi yaminyaka yonke sasiyohlukana nezinkathi zonyaka. Ama-Essene ayegcina eyigcina imikhosi yasentwasahlobo ebusika. Kungathatha amashumi ambalwa eminyaka ukuba ukushelela kwekhalenda okuphawulekayo kwenzeke ngoba “lalicishiwe” cishe izinsuku ezingu-1 1/4 ngonyaka. Indlela ethile yokuxhumana ngokusobala yayidingeka. Kodwa, asinabo ubufakazi bokuthi ama-Essene asebenzisa noma yikuphi ukuxhumana. Futhi asinazo izinkomba ezincwadini zika-Enoke noma zeJubili mayelana nendlela yokwenza lokhu.
Imiqulu yomphakathi waseQumran isitshela nangemikhosi yawo yaminyaka yonke. Babenemikhosi eminingi yezolimo kunaleyo elotshwe kuLevitikusi 23. Lena kwakuyimikhosi yokuvuna yamagilebhisi noweminqumo. Eminye imikhosi egujwa amahlelo aseQumran yayihlanganisa uMkhosi Wokunikela Ngokhuni, uMkhosi Wewayini kanye noMkhosi Wokungcweliswa Kwabapristi (ukugcotshwa). Abazange bayigubhe imikhosi yePurimu noma iChanukah.
Umphumela wale ndlela ukuthi zonke izinsuku zihlala ziwela ngosuku olufanayo lwesonto njalo ngonyaka. Isabatha liwela ngosuku olufanayo enyangeni ethile, unyaka nonyaka. Futhi imikhosi yonke iba ngosuku olufanayo lwesonto njalo ngonyaka. IPhasika lihlala lingoLwesibili.
Uhlelo lonyaka belumi kanje:
| izinyanga | Day | Idili |
| 1 | 1-8 | Izinsuku Zokugcotshwa Kwabaphristi |
| 1 | 14 | IPhasika |
| 1 | 26 | I-Waving of the Omer (izithelo zokuqala) |
| 3 | 15 | Umkhosi Wamaviki (Shavu'ot) |
| 5 | 3 | Umkhosi Wewayini Elisha |
| 6 | 22 | Umkhosi Wamafutha |
| 6 | 23-29 | Umkhosi Wokunikela Ngezinkuni |
| 7 | 1 | Usuku Lwesikhumbuzo (Yom T'Ruah) |
| 7 | 10 | Usuku Lokubuyisana (Yom Kippurim) |
| 7 | 15 | Umkhosi Wamadokodo (Sukkot) |
Ikhalenda lalingagcini nje ngokulawula isimiso samadili. Wabuye walawula isikhathi samaqembu abapristi abakhonza ethempelini. Umphakathi wahlela abapristi ngezifundo ezingama-24 (i-mishmar / mishmarot). I-mishmar ngayinye yenza inkonzo yeThempeli isonto elilodwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwesonto. Iqembu ngalinye lalinegama lomndeni noma isibongo futhi labelwa amasonto athile. Njengoba amaqembu angu-24 akhonza kabili ayelingana namasonto angu-48 kuphela, amaqembu amane ayekhonza kathathu ngonyaka. Lokhu kwakha unyaka ophelele wamasonto angama-52. Le miqulu ihlanganisa namathebula amaningana omjikelezo weminyaka eyisithupha wezifundo zabapristi. Iphinde ikhulume ngemindeni obekulindeleke ukuthi iphathe eThempelini ngezikhathi zamasonto onke. Njalo ngonyaka wamasonto angu-52, imindeni emine yayiba namajika amathathu, kunokuba amabili. Ngakho kwathatha iminyaka eyisithupha ukuqeda lo mjikelezo.
Obani amaSadoki eqiniso?
Iningi lethu libona ubuJuda beThempeli Lesibili njengengxenye eyodwa yenkolelo. Ngokusekelwe emibhalweni yemiBhalo Yabaphostoli, sivuma ukwehlukana okuthile eqenjini. Siyazi ngabaFarisi, abaSadusi futhi amaSamariya. Eminyakeni yamuva ama-Essene nawo aqale ukugxila. Nokho, kwakukhona ukwehlukana okukhulu kakhulu phakathi kweNkolo YamaJuda Yethempeli Lesibili iningi lethu elingalazi. Kudingeka sikuqonde lokhu kwehlukana okuyisisekelo uma sifuna ukuhlanganisa ikhalenda lika-Enoke.
Ngemva kokubuya kwesizwe ekuthunjweni eBabiloni, kwamiswa ubupristi baseSadoki eJerusalema. Babethi, ngokusekelwe emiBhalweni, amadodana kaSadoki ayengabapristi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, uZadoki wayengumpristi ngesikhathi senkosi uDavide. nguSadoki owagcoba inkosi uSolomoni. Encwadini yeziKronike, kubhalwe ukuthi babengabapristi kwaze kwaba sekuthunjelweni eBabiloni. 7
1 IziKronike 6:3–15
3 Amadodana ka-Amramu kwakungu-Aroni, uMose noMiriyamu. Amadodana ka-Aroni kwakunguNadabi, no-Abihu, no-Eleyazare, no-Itamari. 4 u-Eleyazare wazala uFinehasi, uFinehasi wazala u-Abishuwa; 5 u-Abishuwa wazala uBhuki, uBuki wazala u-Uzi; 6 u-Uzi wazala uZerahiya, uZerahiya wazala uMerayoti; 7 uMerayoti wazala u-Amariya, u-Amariya wazala u-Ahitubi; 8 u-Ahithubi wazala uZadoki, uSadoki wazala u-Ahimahasi; 9 u-Ahimahazi wazala u-Azariya, u-Azariya wazala uJohanani; 10 uJohanani wazala u-Azariya (nguyena owayekhonza njengompristi endlini uSolomoni ayakha eJerusalema); 11 u-Azariya wazala u-Amariya, u-Amariya wazala u-Ahitubi; 12 u-Ahithubi wazala uZadoki, uSadoki wazala uShalumi; 13 uShalum wazala uHilikiya, uHilikiya wazala u-Azariya; 14 u-Azariya wazala uSeraya, uSeraya wazala uJehosadaki; 15 uJehosadaki wahamba lapho uJehova ethumba uJuda neJerusalema ngoNebukadinesari.1 AmaKhosi 1:32–34
32 Khona-ke inkosi uDavide yathi: “Ngibizeni uSadoki umpristi, uNathani umprofethi, noBenaya indodana kaJehoyada.” Basebefika phambi kwenkosi. 33 Inkosi yathi kubo: “Thathani izinceku zenkosi yenu, nigibele uSolomoni indodana yami embonjeni wami, nimehlisele eGihoni; 34"uSadoki umpristi noNathani umprofethi bamgcobe khona abe yinkosi phezu kuka-Israyeli, nishaye icilongo nithi: 'Mana njalo, nkosi uSolomoni!'
Manje njengoba ubukhosi bukaDavide babungasekho, base bezwa isidingo sokuhola isizwe. Ngokushesha isidingo senkosi sanyamalala, njengoba le misebenzi manje yayisithathwe abapristi. Ubupristi babamba ukuthi iSivumelwano saseSinayi siyisivumelwano esibalulekile. Lesi sivumelwano sigcizelela ukubaluleka kukaMose no-Aroni. AmaHasmoni athatha isikhundla sobupristi bamaZadoki phakathi nenkathi yamaMaccabee. Bathatha indawo yamaZadoki ngenxa yokusekela kwabo ukuguquguquka kwesizwe samaJuda. Ukushintshwa kwamaZadoki kwakusendaweni ngesikhathi uShuwa eya ethempelini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakunamanye amahlelo obuJuda. Laba bahlanganisa nabanye babantu abangazange balishiye izwe ngesikhathi sokudingiswa. Kwakunamaqembu amancane, wonke eneqiniso lawo. Lawa maqembu amancane angahlanganiswa abe yiqembu AmaJuda Enoki. AmaJuda ka-Enokhi ayehlanganisa namanye amaSamariya. Sithola emibhalweni ka-Abu'l Fath incazelo yeqembu elithakazelisayo lamaSamariya elibizwa ngokuthi “Ihlelo likaDustan” – owaziwa nangokuthi amaDositheans. Leli yiqembu elakhiwa ngemva kokuba uJohn Hyrcanus ebhubhise ithempeli lamaSamariya eNtabeni iGerizimu. Leli qembu libonisa ukufana okuningi nezimfundiso zomphakathi waseQumran.
Lezi zihlanganisa:
- Ukugcinwa kwesabatha okuqinile - Akukho ukudla noma ukuhlenga izilwane ngesabatha. ( CD 10:14–11:18 )
- Ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuhlanzeka kwamanzi abo, kokubili ukuphuza kanye ne-mikvah. ( 1Q 3:4-5 )
- Bobabili balandela ikhalenda yelanga njengoba ibekwe phansi yiNcwadi yamaJubili kanye no-1 Enoke. ( 1Q 10:1–5; 1QpHab 12:5–9 )8
Siyazi ukuthi abanakuba yiqembu elifanayo ncamashi. Umphakathi waseQumran wawubheka iJerusalema njengendawo yokukhulekela. Babona nemibhalo yabaprofethi njengencwadi yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Nokho, siyazi ukuthi esinye sezizathu ezenza ihlelo likaDustan lihlukane namaSamariya kwakuwukuthambekela kobuJuda kwaleli hlelo. Ithonya laleli qembu emphakathini waseQumran lisobala kakhulu.
AmaJuda ka-Enoki ayethi ubupristi bawo babungaphambi kobupristi buka-Aroni. Ubupristi babo bavela kubantu abafana no-Adamu no-Enoke. Kubo isivumelwano esibalulekile yisivumelwano noNowa emva kukazamcolo. Imibhalo yabo ayizange igcizelele isivumelwano saseSinayi. Basekela ukuqhubeka kwabo kwesivumelwano kulokho okwenzeka kuNowa.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi, sincoma imisebenzi kaGabriele Boccaccini. Ngokukhethekile incwadi yakhe - Ngaphandle kwe-Essene Hypothesis – ihlanganisa lesi sihloko ngokuningiliziwe. Lena indawo yomlando nenkolo esenemibuzo eminingi engaphenduleki.
Isiphetho
Ukuze ukwazi ukwamukela ikhalenda lika-Enoch, udinga futhi ukuguqula ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu yakho yenkolelo. Lezi zinguquko ezibalulekile zizobandakanya:
- Ukushintsha incazelo yakho yokuthi uyini umbhalo ophefumulelwe. Manje udinga ukwenza izincwadi ezinjengo-Enoke kanye namaJubili zibe yingxenye yale ncazelo. Lokhu kuzobe sekuhlanganisa nengxenye lapho u-Enoke ezibheka njengeNdodana yomuntu.
Ukwamukela lezi zincwadi ezimbili bese kuvula umnyango wezinye izincwadi okufanele zifakwe. Iphinde ibeke izincwadi ezinjengoLevitikusi ngokumelene nezinye zalezi zincwadi ezengeziwe. (isib. ITestamente Labayishumi Nambili) - Ukuze ube umlandeli weqiniso wababhali balezi zincwadi ezengeziwe, kuzodingeka ungagcizeleli isivumelwano sikaMose. Khona-ke kwakuyodingeka ubeke ukubaluleka okukhulu kwesivumelwano noNowa. Encwadini ka-Enoke namaJubili, kugxilwe kakhulu endleleni kaNowa, kunalokho okwenzeka esizweni lapho sikhishwa eGibhithe. Bathethelela ikhalenda labo ngokusekelwe kulokho uNowa akwenza.
- Ngakho singabona ukuthi ikhalenda lika-Enoke linenguquko eyisisekelo enkolelweni yakho. Isinqumo esincane, njengokwamukela iNcwadi ka-Enoke njengeqiniso, sinomthelela omubi. Incwadi ka-Enoke iholela encwadini yamaJubhili, yona eholela eTestamenteni Lobaba Abayishumi Nambili. Konke lokhu bese kuholela ekubekeni izincwadi zika-Enoch (kuhlanganise nobupristi obunye babo) ezingeni elifanayo nawo wonke umBhalo.
Njengephuzu lokugcina, sithanda ukuchaza ukuthi kungani sikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlubuka. Sithi singabalandeli bakaY'Shua the Messiah. Uma singabalandeli Bakhe nabafundi Bakhe, kusho ukuthi kufanele senze njengoba enza. Kwethu isihloko esandulele, sikubonise amaphuzu amabili obufakazi mayelana nokuthi kungani sikholelwa ukuthi u-Y'Shua wayemelene no-Essene. Ukuze siqhubekisele phambili leli phuzu, sidinga ukwengeza amaqiniso alandelayo:
- U-Y'Shua akakaze acaphune ezincwadini zika-Enoke noma zamaJubili.
- UJoshuwa waya emikhosini yaseJerusalema ngokwekhalenda yamaJuda.
Johane 5: 1–2
1 Ngemva kwalezi zinto kwaba khona umkhosi wamaJuda (amaJuda), futhi UJoshuwa wenyukela eJerusalema. 2 Kwakukhona-ke eJerusalema ngaseSangweni Lezimvu ichibi elithiwa ngesiHeberu iBethesda, linemipheme eyisihlanu.
- Abazali bakaY'Shua bamyisa ethempelini eJerusalema ukuze ahlengwe.
Luka 2:22-24
22 Futhi lapho izinsuku zokuhlanjululwa kwabo ngokomthetho kaMose eseqedile, bamenyusela eJerusalema ukuze bammise phambi kukaJehova 23 (njengoba kulotshiwe emthethweni weNkosi ukuthi: “Wonke amazibulo esilisa avula isizalo uyakubizwa ngokuthi angcwele ku-YHVH”) 24 nokunikela ngomhlatshelo njengokushiwo emthethweni kaJehova ukuthi: “Amahobhe amabili noma amaphuphu amabili amajuba.”
- UY’Shua wasitshela ukuthi kudingeka silalele lokho okufundiswa yilaba bantu (ababhali nabaFarisi). Kwakungafanele senze njengoba benza, kodwa sasilokhu sibalalela.
UMathewu 23: 1-3
1 Khona uJoshuwa wakhuluma ezixukwini nakubafundi bakhe, 2 ethi: “Ababhali naba AbaFarisi bazihlalise esihlalweni sikaMose; 3 ngakho-ke konke abakutshela khona, kwenze, ukugcine, kodwa ningenzi ngokwezenzo zabo; ngoba bakhuluma izinto kodwa bangazenzi.
- UJeshua wakhetha uPawulu, umFarisi, ukuba abe umphostoli Wakhe ezizweni. Akazange akhethe umEssene noma umsekeli weNkolo YamaJuda ka-Enochic.
IzEnzo 9:11-17
11 Wayesethi uJesu kuye: “Sukuma uye esigcawini esithiwa siQondile, ubuze endlini kaJuda umuntu waseTarsu ogama lakhe linguSawulu, ngokuba uyakhuleka; 12 futhi ubonile embonweni indoda, igama layo lingu-Ananiya, ingena, ibeka izandla phezu kwakhe, ukuze abuye abone. 13 Kepha u-Ananiya waphendula wathi: “Nkosi, ngizwile ngabaningi ngalo muntu ukuthi kungakanani okubi ekwenzile kwabangcwele bakho eJerusalema; 14futhi lapha unegunya elivela kubapristi abakhulu lokubopha bonke ababiza igama lakho. 15 Kepha uJoshuwa wathi kuye: “Hamba; uyisitsha sami esikhethiweyo ukuba aphathe igama lami phambi kwabezizwe namakhosi nabantwana bakwa-Israyeli; 16 ngokuba mina ngiyakumkhombisa ukuthi umelwe ukuhlupheka kangakanani ngenxa yegama lami. 17 Ngakho u-Ananiya wahamba wangena endlini, futhi ngemva kokubeka izandla zakhe phezu kwakhe wathi: “Sawulu mfowethu, iNkosi uJesu, owabonakala kuwe endleleni obuza ngayo, ingithumile ukuba ubuye ubone futhi nigcwaliswe ngoMoya oNgcwele.”Izenzo 23: 6
Kepha uPawulu ebona ukuthi elinye iqembu lingabaSadusi, elinye lingabaFarisi, wamemeza emphakathini, wathi: “Madoda, bazalwane, ngingumFarisi, indodana yabaFarisi; ngigwetshelwe ithemba nokuvuka kwabafileyo.”
La maphuzu akwenza kucace ukuthi u-Y'Shua wabona ubupristi eJerusalema njengobupristi obusebenzayo. Akasitsheli ukuthi silalele labo abasesihlalweni sika-Adamu, isihlalo sikaNowa noma isihlalo sika-Enoke. Imayelana nobupristi njengoba buchazwe esivumelwaneni saseSinayi. Ngemva kokufa kukaJesu, abafundi bakhe noPawulu baqhubeka beya ethempelini eJerusalema. Baqhubeka neminikelo ethempelini, kuhlanganise neminikelo yesono.
Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi uma sifuna ukwamukela ikhalenda lika-Enoch njengekhalenda langempela, kuzodingeka siphikisane, ngaleyo ndlela senqabe, izimfundiso zika-Y'Shua. Khona-ke kudingeka silandele izimfundiso zehlelo lobuJuda leNkathi Yethempeli Lesibili elihlubukayo. U-Y'Shua waze wasixwayisa ngezimfundiso zaleli hlelo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi leli hlelo alisekho. Kungani abanye bemagange kangaka ukuvusa le mfundiso yamanga?
Okubhekwayo
- UCharles, RH (Ed.). (2004). I-Pseudepigrapha yeTestamente Elidala. I-Bellingham, WA: I-Logos Bible Software.
- Nickelsburg, GWE (2005). Izincwadi zamaJuda phakathi kweBhayibheli neMishnah : isingeniso semibhalo nesomlando (2nd ed.). I-Minneapolis, MN: I-Fortress Press.
- Shanks, H. (Umhl.). (2002). BAR 28:06 (Nov/Dec 2002). - Buyekeza: Okutholakele Ogwadule LwaseJudiya Umq. XXI, Umhume waseQumran 4—XVI: Imibhalo Yekhalenda
- Vanderkam, JC (1992). Amakhalenda: Ama-Israyeli Asendulo NamaJuda Okuqala. Ku-(DN Freedman, Ed.)The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. ENew York: I-Doubleday.
- I-VanderKam, JC, & Flint, PW (2002). Incazelo Yemiqulu YasoLwandle Olufile: Ukubaluleka Kwayo Ekuqondeni IBhayibheli, UbuJuda, UJesu, NobuKristu (1st ed.). ENew York: HarperSanFrancisco.
- Cansdale, L. (1997). I-Qumran kanye nama-Essenes: Ukuhlolwa Kabusha Kobufakazi. (M. Hengel & P. Schäfer, Eds.) (Umqulu 60). Tübingen: JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck).
- http://www.heavenlyascents.com/2008/07/07/how-many-judaisms/
- Cansdale, Lean. I-Qumran kanye nama-Essenes: Ukuhlolwa Kabusha Kobufakazi. 1997. Tubingen : Mohr. I-ISBN 3-16-146719-1
Siyaqhubeka kule mpelasonto ngokufunda kwethu njalo kwe-Triennial Torah okungatholakala kokuthi? https://sightedmoon.com/sightedmoon_2015/files/TriennialCycleBeginningAviv.pdf
Izingxenye zeTorah Ezintathu
Gen 44 2 Sam 17-18 IHu 88 Luka 7
Indebe Yokubhula (Genesise 44)
Abazalwane namanje abazi ukuthi kwenzekani, kodwa banokubambisana futhi bathobekile ngangokunokwenzeka, okubonakala sengathi akukho okubasiza kakhulu. UJosefa ubophela abafowabo ngesiphambeko esikhulu: ukweba inkezo okwakuphuzwa kuyo ibandla labo elinomusa.
Lapho inceku kaJosefa ibhekana nabafowabo ngecala labo, itshelwa ukuba ibuze, “Lena akusiyo yini [indebe] ephuza ngayo inkosi yami, ebhula ngayo na?” (Ivesi 5). Ingabe uJosefa wayisebenzisa ngempela indebe ukuze abikezele noma achaze amabika? Lokho ngokuqinisekile kwakungeke kuvunyelwe uNkulunkulu. Mayelana nendebe yokubhula, the Jamieson, Fausset & Brown Commentary uyaphawula: “Ukubhula ngezindebe, ukuze kutholakale inkambo yekusasa, kwakungenye yezinkolelo-ze ezazivamile eGibithe lasendulo, njengoba kusenjalo nasemazweni aseMpumalanga. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uJosefa, ikholwa eliqotho kuNkulunkulu weqiniso, wayezifake kulo mkhuba wokukholelwa ezeni. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi wasebenzisa lokho okuthandwayo Umcabango ukuze enze iqhinga lakhe eliphumelelayo ekuvivinyweni kokugcina okuwujuqu kwabafowabo” (phawula evesini 5). Ngamanye amazwi, kungenzeka ukuthi uJosefa wabavumela ukucabanga wabhula ngale ndebe ukuze afake ukwesaba okwengeziwe kubo—njengoba kubo kwakuyobonakala sengathi babeyobekwa icala lokweba into ebaluleke kakhulu eGibhithe.
Phawula nokuthi uJosefa akazange ayale umphathi wakhe ukuba aqambe amanga aqondile— kunalokho, wamane wamtshela ukuba abuze umbuzo. Impendulo yangempela yayiyoba cha. Kodwa abazalwane babengazi lokhu.
2 Samuweli 17
Nakuba u-Abisalomu esilalela iseluleko sika-Ahithofeli ngokuphathelene nezancinza zikaDavide, yena nezinduna zakhe bathonywa uHushayi ukuba enqabe icebo lika-Ahithofeli lokuhlasela. Ubuhlakani beseluleko sikaHushayi bubonakala ekuhloleni kwakhe ngokucophelela ukuthi iseluleko sika-Ahithofeli asisihle “ngalesi sikhathi” ( 2 Samuweli 17:7 ). Ngamanye amazwi, uHushayi akazange asenqabe ngokuqondile iseluleko sika-Ahithofeli. Kunalokho, ukugxeka kwakhe isikhathi nje secebo kwabonisa inhlonipho ngokuhlakanipha kuka-Ahithofeli, okungenzeka ukuthi kwavimbela izinsolo kuye ngokwakhe. Yebo, ivesi 14 lichaza ukuthi impumelelo kaHushayi ingokoqobo SikaNkulunkulu ukwenza. Ngokuphawulekayo, nakuba uNkulunkulu kade esebenzisa izimo ukuze empeleni alethe ukuhlubuka kuka-Absalomu njengesijeziso kuDavide—ngalowo mqondo “esiza” u-Absalomu—manje siyabona ukuthi uNkulunkulu uzimisele ukumehlisa u-Absalomu futhi ekugcineni asindise uDavide.
Njengoba iseluleko sakhe senqatshiwe, u-Ahithofeli uzilengisa ( ivesi 23 ). “Ngokusobala waqaphela ukuthi indaba ka-Absalomu yayizophela, nokuthi lapho uDavide ebuya wayezobulawa njengesikhonzi esingathembekile” (Nelson, phawula evesini 23).
“O Absalomu, Ndodana yami, Ndodana yami!” ( 2 Samuweli 18:1-19:8 )
Manje emzini waseMahanayimi ( 17:27 ), uDavide ubukeza amabutho akhe ukuze ahlole isimo yena nabalandeli bakhe ababhekene naso. Nakuba ekuqaleni kwakuyiqeqebana elincane elasuka naye eJerusalema, siyabona lapha ekusetshenzisweni kwegama elithi “izinkulungwane” ( 18:1, 4 ) ukuthi abaningi baye ngokushesha bahlanganyela emsebenzini wakhe, kuze kube seqophelweni lapho ekwazi khona ukuhlukanisa impi yakhe. zibe yizinkampani ezintathu (ivesi 2). Ekuqaleni uzimisele ukuhola leli butho lempi ngokwakhe. Kodwa lena akuyona impi yezwe evamile. Kunalokho, kuwukungqubuzana kobukhosi bukaDavide—lapho ukufa kukaDavide kwakuyosho ukuphela kwempi. Ngakho amadoda akhe amncenga ukuba azisuse ekulweni ukuze angafaki imbangela yawo engozini.
UDavide uyala ukuba indodana yakhe u-Absalomu ingalinyazwa. Nokho, ngokwenza kanjalo, uDavide uphinde abonise ukukhetha endodaneni yakhe kunokuba aphathe kuyo njengoba isimo sidinga. U-Absalomu uphakamise isandla sakhe ukuze abhubhise inkosi egcotshiwe kaNkulunkulu. Lapho omunye umuntu ethi wenze lokhu mayelana noSawule, uDavide wayala ukuba abulawe (2 Samuweli 1:14-15). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndaba inkosi inguyise ka-Absalomu. Futhi isijeziso uMthetho kaMose usibekela umuntu ngokushaya noma ngisho nokuqalekisa abazali bakhe—futhi ngokuqinisekile evusa ukuhlubuka okuhlomile ukuze ukubulala uyise womuntu—ngukufa ( Eksodusi 21:15, 17 ).
Kuyathakazelisa ukubona amabutho ka-Absalomu ebizwa ngokuthi “u-Israyeli” kanye “nabantu bakwa-Israyeli” ( 2 Samuweli 18:6-7 ). Lokhu kubonakala kuwukuvukela okudumile—lapho leli “butho labantu” lingenakuqhathaniswa namabutho kaDavide angomakad' ebona. Ihlathi eliwugqinsi, kunokuba licashe futhi lisize ekuphunyukeni kwabo, “zadla abantu abaningi ngalolo suku kunabadliwa yinkemba” (ivesi 8). Mhlawumbe abaningi bafa ngenxa yokulimala okuhlobene nehlathi, ukukhathala, ukuhileleka, ukuchayeka, izilwane zasendle, njll. Leli vesi lingasho futhi ukuthi ihlathi lalivimbela ababalekela enkundleni yempi ukuze amadoda kaDavide akwazi ukubabamba kalula. Noma ngabe yikuphi, ukuqaphela mayelana nengxenye imvelo eyadlalwa emphumeleni ibalulekile—ngoba imvelo iwela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaNkulunkulu.
Ngempela, u-Absalomu ngokwakhe uvaleleke esihlahleni ( ivesi 9 ). Sitshelwa ukuthi yikhanda lakhe elibanjwayo, kodwa lokhu kumelwe nakanjani kubangelwa izinwele zakhe eziwugqinsi, ezinde. Ngaphambili sifunde kweyesi-2 Samuweli 14:25-26 ngobuhle buka-Absalomu nezinwele eziwugqinsi. Ngenxa yalezi zici nokunconywa akuthola ngenxa yazo, u-Absalomu wazinikela ekubeni yize—njengoba kusobala eqinisweni lokuthi wayethanda ukubukisa ngezinwele zakhe ngokuziyeka zikhule, azigunde kanye kuphela ngonyaka, abese esakaza isisindo esimangalisayo izinwele ezigundiwe (cishe amakhilogremu amahlanu). Ukulutha kwakhe ukutuswa nokutuswa ekugcineni kwaba nesandla etulo lakhe lokuketula isihlalo sobukhosi sika-Israyeli. Ngakho-ke kuwubulungiswa obusankondlo obuthakaselayo ukuthi izinwele zakhe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekufeni kwakhe kokugcina.
Lapho u-Absalomu elenga esihlahleni, uJowabe uyambulala—ngokusobala eqiniseka ukuthi wenza okulungile. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uJowabe wephule umyalo oqondile wenkosi—angenalungelo lokuwenza.
Nokho, lapho ezwa izindaba zokunqoba kwamabutho akhe siqu, ukukhathazeka kukaDavide ngokushesha kuku-Absalomu. Lapho ezwa ngokufa kwakhe, uDavide uwela osizini nasekulileni. Ukuthi akaduduzeki kusabalala amabutho. UJowabe ungena kuDavide futhi umtshela ukuthi ukuziphatha okunjalo kuwukwedelela kuwo wonke amasosha akhe ( 19: 5-6 ). Ngempela, amadoda empi anqobile awabuyeli eMahanayimi ngenjabulo noma “ngombukiso wamakhasethi.” Kunalokho, anyonyobela abuyele edolobheni ezama ukubalekela ukubonwa. Lokhu kudabukisa ngokudabukisayo, futhi uJowabe ulungile ukukukhomba kuDavide.
Inkosi iphendula ngokuhlala esangweni lomuzi—indawo yohulumeni womphakathi lapho ngokuvamile kukhishwa khona isahlulelo. Inkulumo ethi “bonke abantu beza phambi kwenkosi” (ivesi 8) isikisela ukuthi uDavide is elandela iseluleko sikaJowabe ngokuzwakalisa ukwazisa kubo ngobuqotho nosizo lwabo phakathi nempi yakamuva.
Umkhuleko Wokuphika; Isivumelwano SikaDavida Sachithwa? ( IHubo 88-89 )
Kunombuzo mayelana nokubhalwa kwe AmaHubo 88 no-89. Umbhalo ongenhla weHubo 88 ulichaza njengengoma yamadodana kaKora (ihubo lokugcina lamaKorahi angu-11 eHutsheni) kanye ne maskil—ihubo elifundisayo noma “ukuzindla” (NKJV)—likaHemani umEzra. IHubo 89 libhalwe ngokuthi a maskil ka-Ethani umEzra. Abaningi bathatha la magama bebhekisela kubaholi bekhwaya yamaLevi kaDavide uHemani no-Ethani (owokugcina ngokusobala owaziwa nangokuthi uJeduthuni). Ngempela, uHemani umculi, umzukulu kaSamuweli nomholi wekhwaya yomndeni wamaLevi kaKohati, wayengowozalo lukaKora (bona 1 IziKronike 6:33-38). Nokho phawula eyoku-1 AmaKhosi 4:31, ethi uSolomoni wayehlakaniphe ‘kuno-Ethani umEzra, noHemani, noKalikoli, noDarda. La madoda ngokusobala ayengewona ozalo lukaLevi kodwa endodana kaJuda uZera: “Amadodana kaZera ayengoZimri, no-Ethani, noHemani, noKalikoli, noDara” ( 1 IziKronike 2:6 ) Ngokusobala lamadoda ayengewona ozalo lukaLevi. Umehluko u-Ethani umEzra lapha ubonakala ubonisa u-Ethani umZarhite noma umZerahite (khumbula ukuthi isiHebheru ekuqaleni sasibhalwa singenabo onkamisa). Siwenza kanjani umqondo kulokhu?
Abanye bacabanga ukuthi amasiko adidekile nokuthi imibhalo engenhla yeHubo 88 no-89 inephutha—ukuthi igama elithi “Ezrahite” lenezelwa ngokungafanele kuHemani no-Ethani kulezi zihloko zamahubo. Kodwa lokho akunjalo ngempela. Okokuqala nje, kungenzeka ukuthi uHemani no-Ethani lapha ababona nhlobo abaholi bomculo kaDavide abangamaLevi kodwa kunalokho bayinzalo evelele kaZera. Uma kunjalo, endabeni yeHubo 88 , amadodana kaKora ayengase athathe inkondlo elotshiwe kaHemani umZera ayiculela ingoma—eyenza ibe ingoma (eyenza ibe “ihubo lamadodana kaKora”). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uHemani lapha kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumholi wamakwaya kaDavide ongumLevi, inzalo kaKora. Qaphela ukuthi uKora ngokwakhe wayeyindodana ka-Izihari, enye yamadodana amane kaKohati (bona 1 IziKronike 6:37-38, 18 ). Mhlawumbe inzalo ka-Izihari kwakubhekiselwa kuyo njengamalungu omndeni wakwaKohati wama-Izrahi noma ama-Ezrahi. Nokho, incazelo enjalo ingaba hhayi zibhekise ku-Ethani, umkhokheli kaDavide, owayengowozalo lukaMerari, indodana kaLevi. Uma sicabangela konke lokhu, mhlawumbe uHemani weHubo 88 wayengumholi womculo kaDavide, umIzrahiya, kuyilapho u-Ethani weHubo 89 wayengumZerahi odumile hhayi umholi wekhwaya yamaMerari (ngaphezulu ngalokhu kumazwana eHubo 89).
Ngaphandle kokuthi lilotshwe, umbhalo ongenhla weHubo 88 nawo unawo lo musho le-mahalath le-annoth. Khumbula ukuthi umbhalo ongenhla weHubo 53 unawo umusho le-mahalath. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili oHlelweni Lokufundwa KweBhayibheli, le nkulumo iye yahunyushwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ngokuthi “Ekuguleni,” “Ekuhluphekeni,” “Emiphini” (ngezinsimbi ezifuthwayo) noma “Ukudansa” (noma uhlobo oluthile lomculo). Ingxenye yesibili lapha, le-annoth, kucatshangwa ukuthi lisho “ukuzehlisa noma “kwezinhlupheko.” Akucaci ukuthi zombili izingxenye kufanele ziqondwe ngokuzimela noma zithathwe ndawonye njengenkulumo ehlanganisiwe (njengokuthi “Ekuhluphekeni kwezinhlupheko”). Futhi, ingxenye eyodwa noma zombili zihlangene zingabonisa isihloko sehubo noma elinye ihubo elibekwe kulo.
UHemani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungubani ngokuqondile, ukuHubo 88 ukhuthazelela uvivinyo olunzima, olusongela ukuphila. Ivesi 15 empeleni lithi uye wabhekana nosizi olusongela ukuphila ngenxa iminyaka—kusukela ebusheni bakhe. Akukacaci noma usho ukuthi ubelokhu ebekezelela icala elifanayo, eqhubeka nokuquliswa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi noma ukuthi uye wabhekana nezimo eziningi ezinzima ezifanayo phakathi neminyaka edlule. Lesi sakamuva sibonakala singenzeka, nakuba izinkinga zakhe eziqhubekayo zingase zibangelwe yizimbangela ezifanayo ezingakaze ziphele.
Ngokudangala kwakhe, uHemani uzwakalisa ukukhononda okukhulu ngoNkulunkulu: “O Jehova, kungani ungilahlile futhi ungifihlela ubuso bakho na?” (Ivesi 14). Ukhala kuNkulunkulu imini nobusuku ( amavesi 1, 9, 13 ), emncenga ukuba ezwe ( ivesi 2 ). Uzwa ukuthi ukufa akunakugwenywa futhi kuseduze. Usefana nokuthi ufile, “usekhukhulekile phakathi kwabafileyo” (ivesi 5), ehlukanisiwe noNkulunkulu, akasakhunjulwa Nguye (ivesi elifanayo).
Ngempela, ubheka izimo zakhe njengezizayo kusukela UNkulunkulu: “Ungibeke emgodini ophansi kakhulu” (ivesi 6). “Ungihluphile ngawo wonke amagagasi akho” (ivesi 7)—okungukuthi, ulaka nokwesabeka (qhathanisa namavesi 16-17). “Ungenze ukuba abangane bami bangilahle; ungenze ngenyanya kubo.... Ngikhathele ngenxa yomthwalo wezijeziso zenu” ( amavesi 8, 15 , Today’s English Version ). UHemani akanakubalekela usizi lwakhe: “Ngivalelwe, angikwazi ukuphuma” (ivesi 8).
Ubize uNkulunkulu nsuku zonke futhi wamkhulekela ngezandla ezeluliwe (ivesi 9). Ingabe akusizi? Uyakufa njengababi na? Ingabe uNkulunkulu uzolinda ukuze angenele kuze kube yilapho esefile kakade? (qhathanisa nevesi 10a). Yebo, uNkulunkulu ngokuqinisekile can ngenela labo asebefile ngokubavusa—futhi Yena kuthanda ekugcineni avuse bonke abantu Bakhe esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa lo mbono wawukude nomhubi. Ngokuba ukumyeka afe ngalesi sikhathi kuzomkhazimulisa kanjani uNkulunkulu kulesi sikhathi samanje? Uma efile, ngaphandle kokwazi, uHemani wayengenakumemezela umusa wothando, ukwethembeka nokulunga kukaNkulunkulu kwabanye (bheka ivesi 10b-12). Ngamanye amazwi, wayengenamsebenzi kuNkulunkulu efile. Lokhu kukhumbula ukucabanga kukaDavide kumaHubo 6:4-5 no-30:8-9 .
Ihubo liphetha ngokudabukisayo ngesimo esingakaxazululwa: “Ungenze ngisho nabangane bami abakhulu bangilahle, ubumnyama buwukuphela komngane wami” (88:18, TEV). Noma kunjalo, kunenhlansi yethemba kulesi sililo esimnyama kakhulu esisekelwe endleleni esiqala ngayo, ngoba uHemani uqala ihubo ngokubiza uJehova ngokuthi “uNkulunkulu ongisindisayo” ( ivesi 1, NIV ) noma “uNkulunkulu wensindiso yami” (NKJV). I-Expositor's Bible Commentary uthi: “Nakuba ihubo liphetha ngesililo, ukholo luyanqoba, ngoba kukho konke umhubi uye wafunda ukubheka ‘kuNkulunkulu osindisayo’ ( ivesi 1 ). 'Ubumnyama' (indima 18; cf. v. 12) bosizi bukhumbuza ukufa; kodwa uma nje kusekhona, ithemba lihlala ligxile eNkosini. [Omunye umhlaziyi] uqinisile lapho ebhala, ‘IHubo 88 liwuphawu lokuba ngokoqobo kokholo lweBhayibheli. Inomsebenzi wokwelusa, ngoba kunezimo lapho inkulumo elula, eshibhile yokuxazulula kufanele igwenywe'” (phawula emavesini 15-18).
The Zondervan NIV Study Bible iphawula ephuzwini layo leqoqo lokugcina leNcwadi Yesithathu (AmaHubo 84-89): “Imithandazo emibili yokugcina (IHu 88; 89) yomibili iphetha ngokungakhululeki ngenxa yokubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kokuqiniseka ukuthi uNkulunkulu uzoyizwa futhi enze okuthile…. Nokho, abahleli beNcwadi III baye bawabeka ngaphansi komthunzi oseduze weHu 87, ethunzini elikude kakhulu leHubo 84 nasethunzini elikude kakhulu leHubo 82. Kula mahubo akufanele ahlukaniswe.”
Luka 7
KuLuka 7 sihlangana noKapteni ongumRoma onokholo olukhulu futhi yena, omunye, uqonda ukuthi igunya lisebenza kanjani. Enye yezinto ezimbalwa esizitholayo ukufunda ngazo emiBhalweni. Enye yezinceku zikaKaputeni iyagula futhi isiseduze nokufa, ngakho yabiza uJesu ukuba ayophulukiswa. Idumela likakaputeni phakathi kwabantu abangamaJuda liwukuthi uyabasekela futhi wakha amabandla abo. UJesu wamangala ngokholo lwakhe.
Ngemva kwalokhu, uJesu uvusa insizwa eyayifile yaphila eNayimi, futhi wonke umuntu wafikelwa ukwesaba, azi ukuthi uMbuso weZulu wawusufikile ngempela!
UJohane uMbhapathizi wathuma ezimbili zezinceku zakhe ukuba ziyobuza kuJesu ukuthi unguye yini “Ozayo”. Ngaleso sikhathi uJesu wenza lokhu okulandelayo: Izimpumputhe ziyabona, izinyonga ziyahamba, abanochoko bayahlanjululwa, izithulu ziyezwa, abafileyo bayavuswa, ivangeli lishunyayelwa kwabampofu.
Khona-ke uJesu ufakaza ngoJohane uMbhapathizi futhi umemezela ukuthi nguye oyovula indlela kaMesiya. Amadoda afundile asenqaba iseluleko nokucwiliswa kukaJohane futhi athi wayenedemoni nakuba ayengenasinkwa newayini. Bona laba basho ngoJesu ukuthi uyisidakwa nesiminzi futhi uchitha isikhathi nabathelisi nezoni. Akukho okuthinta izinhliziyo zala madoda, alukhuni futhi agxeka.
UJesu wamukela isimemo somFarisi sokuba adle naye ukuze adle. Kweza kuye owesifazane ephethe umfuma wealabhaste* wamakha esekhona. UmFarisi waqala ukukhubeka kuJesu, ngokuba ngokubona kwakhe, uma uJesu wayengumprofethi weqiniso, Wayezokwazi ukuthi lo wesifazane uyisoni futhi ungcolile.
UJesu, eyazi imicabango Yakhe... ushumayela umfanekiso omkhulu kuye ukuze amfundise ngokuthethelela nesihawu. Lowo odinga ukuthethelelwa kakhulu, uthanda kakhulu futhi lolo thando lubonakala ngokuthobeka kwabo. UJesu wamthethelela owesifazane izono zakhe ngenxa yokubonisa kwakhe uthando nokukholwa kuYe.
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