Nkhani Kalata 5856-040
Chaka cha 4 cha 4th Sabbatical Cycle
Chaka cha 25 cha 120th Jubilee Cycle
Tsiku la 12 la mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu zaka 10 pambuyo pa kulengedwa kwa Adamu
Mzunguliro wa Sabata wachinayi pambuyo pa Chaka Chatsopano cha 4
Pakati pa Chaka Choliza Lipenga cha 70 Popeza Yehova anauza Mose kuti apite kukatenga anthu ake
Kuzungulira kwa Sabata kwa Lupanga, Njala, ndi Miliri

November 28, 2020

Sabbat Shalomu ku banja lachifumu la Yehova,

Msonkhano wa Shabbat Zoom

Pali anthu ambiri osowa chiyanjano ndipo amakhala kunyumba pa Sabata popanda wolankhula naye kapena kukangana naye. Ndikufuna kukulimbikitsani nonse kuti mudzakhale nafe pa Shabbat nthawi ya 12:30 PM Eastern Time Zone, komanso kuitana ena kuti abwere kudzabwera nafenso. Ngati nthawi si yabwino ndiye kuti mutha kumvera chiphunzitso ndi midrash pambuyo pathu youtube chanl.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mutha kuyitana omwe akufuna kusunga Torah kuti abwere kudzabwera nafe pomenya ulalo womwe uli pansipa. Zili ngati pulogalamu yophunzitsa ya Torah yokambirana ndi anthu ochokera padziko lonse lapansi akutenga nawo mbali ndikugawana nzeru ndi kumvetsetsa kwawo.

 Sabata Nov 28, 2020, idzakhala 1 PM Kummawa.

Joseph Dumond akukuitanani kumsonkhano wa Zoom womwe wakonzedwa.

Mutu: Malo Osonkhanira Payekha a Joseph Dumond

Lowani Msonkhano Wokulitsa

https://us02web.zoom.us/j/3505855877

Chidziwitso cha Misonkhano: 350 585 5877

Tepi imodzi yam'manja

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Imbirani ndi komwe muli

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Chidziwitso cha Misonkhano: 350 585 5877

Pezani nambala yanu yakwanuko: https://us02web.zoom.us/u/kctjNqPYv0

Ndemanga Zoyambira.

Sabata ino tikambirana chinthu chomwe chidzakhala chovuta kwambiri. Ndipo pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi maganizo amphamvu kwambiri pa izo.

M'dera lathu masiku ano, ngati musiyana m'malingaliro anu, anthu ena amayesa kukutsekerezani kapena kukulepheretsani ntchito. Ufulu wa kulankhula kulibe. Kukhala ndi maganizo osiyana ndi a unyinji ndikoopsa. Koma kuyendera limodzi ndi gululi kulinso koopsa.

Ndiye udindo wanga ndi wotani pa izi. Kodi ntchito ya sightedmoon.com ndi yotani panthawi yaphulikayi yomwe tikuchitapo?

Takhala tikuyesetsa kuuza ena choonadi kuyambira pamene tinayamba ulendo wathu. Tatsutsa malingaliro ambiri nthawi zambiri kuti tipereke chowonadi ndipo zatiwonongera monga ndidafotokozera sabata yatha.

Masika apitawa ndinalemba nkhani zambiri zotsutsana ndi ziphunzitso za chiwembu ndi miseche ndi Lasoni Hara, kunena zoipa za anthu ena kapena kunyoza anthu ena. Abale athu angapo adakhumudwa ndikuchoka sightedmoon.com. Ena sanabwerere. Iwo akupitiriza kuganiza kuti akuchita ntchito ya Yehova mwa kugaŵira ena zinthu zoterozo.

Ife tiri pa khomo lomwe la kubweranso kwa Mesiya wathu ndi mapeto a m’badwo uno. Amene mumamvetsetsa za Jubilee Cycles amadziwa izi. Ndikufuna kuti nonse muganizire zomwe Yehshua akunena mu Luka. Apa n’kuti atangowauza za mkazi ndi woweruza wosalungama uja.

Luka 18:6Ndipo Ambuye adati, Imvani chimene woweruza wosalungama anena.

Luka 18:7Ndipo kodi Mulungu sadzabwezera chilango osankhidwa ake amene amafuulira kwa Iye usana ndi usiku, ngakhale kuti amaleza nawo mtima?

Luka 18:8Ine ndinena kwa inu, kuti Iye adzawabwezera iwo chilango msanga. Koma pakudza Mwana wa munthu, kodi adzapeza chikhulupiriro pa dziko lapansi?

Luka 18:9Ndipo Iye ananena fanizo ili kwa ena amene adadzikhulupirira mwa iwo okha, kuti ali olungama, napeputsa ena;

Luka 18:10Amuna awiri adakwera kupita kukachisi kukapemphera; wina Mfarisi, ndi wina wokhometsa msonkho.

Luka 18:11Mfarisiyo anaimirira napemphera mwa iye yekha motere: Mulungu, ndikukuyamikani kuti sindiri monga anthu ena onse ndi, olanda, osalungama, achigololo, kapenanso monga wokhometsa msonkho uyu.

Luka 18:12Ndimasala kawiri on pa Sabata, ndipereka chachikhumi cha zonse ndiri nazo.

Luka 18:13Ndipo ataimirira patali, wokhometsa msonkhoyo sadakweze n’komwe lake maso kumwamba, koma anadziguguda pachifuwa chake, nanena, Mulungu mundichitire chifundo ine wochimwa!

Luka 18:14Ndinena ndi inu, munthu uyu adatsikira kunyumba kwake woyesedwa wolungama m'malo mwake kuposa winayo. Pakuti yense wakudzikuza adzatsitsidwa; ndipo wodzichepetsa adzakulitsidwa.

Mawu akuti Chikhulupiriro apa ndi

G4102

πίστις

pistis

pansi

kuchokera G3982; kukopa, ndiye kuti, kuvomereza; makhalidwe abwino kukhudzidwa (a chipembedzo chowonadi, kapena chowonadi cha Mulungu kapena mphunzitsi wachipembedzo), makamaka kudalira pa Khristu kwa chipulumutso; mwachidziŵikire okhazikika mu ntchito yotere; ndi kuwonjezera dongosolo la chipembedzo (Uthenga Wabwino) choonadi palokha: - chitsimikizo, chikhulupiriro, kukhulupirira, chikhulupiriro, kukhulupirika.

G3982

πείθω

peito

pawo

Mneni woyamba; ku tsimikizira (mwa mtsutso, zoona kapena zabodza); mwa fanizo ndi pacify or kuyanjanitsa (ndi njira zina zabwino); mobwerezabwereza kapena mongoganizira chabe kuvomereza (ku umboni kapena ulamuliro), ku kudalira (ndi kutsimikiza kwamkati): - vomerezani, tsimikizirani, khulupirirani, khulupirirani, khalani (sera) wokhutira, pangani bwenzi, mverani, kakamizani, khulupirirani, perekani.

Tapempha thandizo kwa abale ndipo tafunafuna thandizo kwa akatswiri. Mu zonsezi tinkafuna choonadi osati maganizo kapena maganizo. Ndipo mu zonsezi timakhulupirira kuti tikufunafuna choonadi chifukwa cha chikondi.

1Co 13: 1Ngakhale ndilankhula malilime a anthu ndi a angelo, ndipo ndiribe chikondi, ndakhala as mkuwa wolira, kapena nguli yolira.

1Co 13: 2Ndipo ndingakhale ndiri nawo mauneneri, ndi kuzindikira zinsinsi zonse, ndi chidziwitso chonse; ndipo ndingakhale ndiri nacho chikhulupiriro chonse cha kusuntha mapiri, koma ndiribe chikondi, sindili kanthu.

1Co 13: 3Ndipo ngakhale ndipereka zinthu zanga zonse kuti ndidyetse osauka, ndipo ndingakhale ndipereka thupi langa kulitenthedwa, koma ndiribe chikondi, sindipindula kanthu.

1Co 13: 4Chikondi chili ndi chipiriro, chiri chokoma mtima; chikondi sichidukidwa, sichili chabe, sichidzikuza;

1Co 13: 5sichichita zosayenera, sichitsata za mwini yekha, sichikwiya msanga, sichilingirira zoipa;

1Co 13: 6Chikondi sichikondwera ndi chinyengo, koma chikondwera ndi choonadi;

1Co 13: 7chimakwirira zinthu zonse mwakachetechete, chimakhulupirira zinthu zonse, chiyembekeza zinthu zonse, chimapirira zinthu zonse.

1Co 13: 8Chikondi sichilephera. Koma ngati pali maulosi, adzathetsedwa; ngati malilime, adzaleka; ngati kudziwa, kuthetsedwa.

1Co 13: 9Pakuti tidziwa mderamdera, ndipo timanenera mderamdera.

1Co 13: 10Koma pamene changwiro chidzafika, pamenepo chimene chiri chamderamdera chidzathetsedwa.

1Co 13: 11Pamene ndinali khanda, ndinalankhula ngati khanda, ndinaganiza ngati khanda, ndinalingalira ngati khanda. Koma pamene ndinakhala mwamuna, ndinasiya za kamwana.

1Co 13: 12Pakuti tsopano tipenya m’kalirole chimbuuzi; Tsopano ndidziwa pang'ono, koma pamenepo ndidzazindikira monganso ndidziwika bwino.

1Co 13: 13Ndipo tsopano zitsala chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, chikondi, zitatu izi; koma wamkulu wa awa is zachifundo.

Chikhulupiriro Chiyembekezo ndi Chikondi.

Nthawi zomwe tili m'nthawi ino ziyesa Chikhulupiriro chathu ndi Chiyembekezo chathu ndi Chikondi chathu.

M'masabata angapo apitawa takhala ndi nkhani za Pfizer, Moderna ndipo tsopano Oxford University onse atuluka ndi katemera wa COVID 19 yemwe ndi wogwira mtima 90%.

'Zokongola': Katemera wina wa COVID-19, wochokera kwatsopano Moderna, akuchita bwino pamayesero akulu

Wolemba Jon Cohen Nov. 16, 2020 ,

Tsopano, pali awiri. Katemera wina wa COVID-19 wogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo womwe sunatsimikizidwepo kale monga katemera wochokera ku Pfizer ndi BioNTech, makampani aku US ndi Germany omwe adachita bwino pa 9 Novembala, akuwoneka kuti akugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi ino, wopanga, US biotech Moderna, akutulutsa zambiri kuti atsimikizire zomwe akufuna kuposa makampani awiriwo.

Bungwe lodziyimira palokha lomwe limayang'anira mayeso a katemera wa Moderna wa anthu 30,000 lidakumana Lamlungu ndipo lidauza kampaniyo ndi akuluakulu aboma la US kuti anthu asanu okha omwe ali mgulu lomwe adatemera adayambitsa milandu ya COVID-19, pomwe anthu 90 omwe adawomberedwa ndi placebo adadwala. matenda. Ndiko kuchita bwino kwa 94.5%, kampaniyo idatero potulutsa atolankhani m'mawa uno. Ngakhale kuyesa kwachipatala sikungatanthauzire mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi, kupambana kukuwonetsa kuti katemerayu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuti athetse mliriwo ngati angagawidwe mofala.

Tili ndi lipoti latsopanoli pa Novembara 23, 2020

Kupambana kwa Yunivesite ya Oxford pa katemera wapadziko lonse wa COVID-19

KATETE WA CORONA VIRUS COVID-19

Yunivesite ya Oxford, mothandizana ndi AstraZeneca plc, lero yalengeza zomwe zayesa kwakanthawi kuchokera ku mayeso ake a Phase III omwe akuwonetsa katemera wawo, ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019, ndiwothandiza popewa COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) ndipo amapereka chitetezo chokwanira.
Ntchito yathu ya katemera ikupita patsogolo mwachangu. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi zambiri zaposachedwa kapena kuti mudziwe zambiri za kuyesako, chonde pitani patsamba la Oxford COVID-19 la katemera wa COVID-19 kapena pitani patsamba loyeserera la COVID-XNUMX.

Kuwunika kwakanthawi kwa Gawo 3 kuphatikiza milandu 131 ya Covid-19 kukuwonetsa kuti katemerayu ndi wothandiza 70.4% pophatikiza zambiri zamitundu iwiri yamankhwala.
Mumitundu iwiri yosiyana ya katemera, mphamvu ya katemera inali 90% mu imodzi ndi 62% ina.
Njira zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba zidagwiritsa ntchito theka loyamba la mlingo ndi mlingo wachiwiri wokhazikika
Kuwonetsa koyambirira kuti katemera atha kuchepetsa kufala kwa ma virus kuchokera ku kuchepa kwa matenda asymptomatic
Panalibe ogonekedwa m’chipatala kapena milandu yoopsa mwa aliyense amene analandira katemerayo
Zosungirako zazikulu zachitetezo kuchokera kwa odzipereka opitilira 24,000 ochokera ku mayeso azachipatala ku UK, Brazil ndi South Africa, ndikutsata kuyambira Epulo.
Chofunika kwambiri, katemera amatha kuperekedwa mosavuta m'machitidwe azachipatala omwe alipo, osungidwa pa 'firiji kutentha' (2-8 °C) ndikugawidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zilipo kale.
Kupanga kwakukulu kukupitilira m'maiko opitilira 10 kuti athandizire kupeza mwayi wofanana padziko lonse lapansi
Pulofesa Andrew Pollard, Mtsogoleri wa Oxford Vaccine Group ndi Chief Investigator wa Oxford Vaccine Trial, anati:

'Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti tili ndi katemera wogwira mtima yemwe angapulumutse miyoyo yambiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti tapeza kuti imodzi mwamadongosolo athu amatha kukhala othandiza 90% ndipo ngati njira iyi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, anthu ambiri atha kulandira katemera wokonzekera. Chilengezo cha lero ndi chotheka chifukwa cha odzipereka ambiri mu mayesero athu, ndi gulu logwira ntchito mwakhama ndi luso la akatswiri ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi.'

Pulofesa Sarah Gilbert, Pulofesa wa Vaccinology ku Yunivesite ya Oxford, adati:

"Kulengeza lero kukutitengeranso gawo lina pafupi ndi nthawi yomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito katemera kuti tithetse chiwonongeko chobwera chifukwa cha SARS-CoV-2. Tipitiliza kugwira ntchito kuti tipereke zambiri kwa owongolera. Wakhala mwaŵi kukhala mbali ya ntchito ya maiko osiyanasiyana imeneyi imene idzapindulitsa dziko lonse lapansi.’

Tsopano, anthu ambiri anali kunena kuti kachilombo ka COVID 19 ndi kabodza. Kenako anali kunena kuti ndi kachilombo kopanga munthu kopangidwa mu labu ku China. Kenako adati idapangidwa ndi Bill ndi Melinda Gates. Ndiye anali George Soros. Ndipo nkhani zabodzazi zikupitirirabe mpaka pano.

sightedmoon.com yanena ndipo udindo wathu pazaka 15 zapitazi ndi womwewo. Vutoli ndi lochokera kwa Yehova. Nthawi.

Ayi koma. Ayi inde ndi… Yehova anatumiza kachilomboka ndipo Iye yekha.

LEVITIKO 26:23 Ndipo mukapanda kukonzedwa ndi Ine ndi zinthu izi, koma muyendabe motsutsana ndi Ine;

LEVITIKO 26:24 pamenepo ndidzatsutsana nanu, ndipo ndidzakulangani kasanu ndi kawiri chifukwa cha machimo anu.

LEVITIKO 26:25 Ndipo ndidzakutengerani lupanga lakubwezera chilango pangano. + Mukadzasonkhana m’mizinda yanu, + ndidzatumiza mliri pakati panu. + Ndipo mudzaperekedwa m’manja mwa mdani.

LEVITIKO 26:26 Ndikathyola ndodo yanu ya mkate, akazi khumi adzaphika mkate wanu mu uvuni umodzi, nadzakubwezerani mkate wanu ndi kuuyesa. ndipo mudzadya, osakhuta;

LEVITIKO 26:27 Ndipo ngati simundimvera Ine konse, koma mudzayenda motsutsana ndi Ine;

Lev 26:28 pamenepo ndidzayenda motsutsana nanu muukali. Ndipo ine, inde, ine ndidzakulanga kasanu ndi kawiri chifukwa cha machimo anu.

LEVITIKO 26:29 Ndipo mudzadya nyama ya ana anu amuna, ndi nyama ya ana anu akazi muziidya.

Mliri wa Lupanga ndi Njala.

Yehova ndi amene adzatumiza zinthu zimenezi. Osati zina zopangidwa ndi amuna omwe ali m'chipinda chakumbuyo omwe akugwira ntchito kuti atenge dziko lapansi ndi ntchito zamkati za illuminati.

Yehova watumiza mliri umenewu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo komabe ambiri amakanabe izo zenizeni. Ambiri amakanabe ndipo savala chigoba kuti achepetse kufalikira. Amati masks sagwira ntchito. Ndipo komabe Madokotala anali chigoba akamakuchitirani opareshoni ndipo mano amavala masks akamagwira ntchito mkamwa mwanu. Ngati sagwira ntchito ndiye amavala chifukwa chiyani?

Kuganiza bwino kumaponyedwa pawindo pokomera sewero la hyperbolic. Izi ndizowoneka bwino ku USA komwe kuvala chigoba kumatsutsana ndi ufulu wawo wachibadwidwe kapena ufulu wawo wovomerezeka. Salabadira ufulu wa okalamba omwe ali chandamale chachikulu cha matendawa.

M'malo mochita chifukwa chokonda okalamba ndi anzawo amafuna kuti tivomere ufulu wawo wosavala chigoba. Iwo samasamala ngati okalamba adwala. Pa chisankho ku USA chigoba chidali ndi zida ndi ma Democrat atavala chigoba osati kusonkhana. m'magulu a anthu ndi aku Republican osavala iwo ndikusonkhana m'magulu ambiri.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti nthawi yayitali m'mbuyomu ma Democrat anali kuchita ziwonetsero mumzinda uliwonse ku USA motsutsana ndi Trump pomwe anthu masauzande ambiri adasonkhana opanda masks komanso osalumikizana. Ndi chinyengo kwa iwo tsopano kulumphira mbali ina pazifukwa za ndale.

Tsopano USA ili ndi mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ya COVID 19 tsiku lililonse padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ziwerengero zikukwera.

Milandu ya kachilombo ka corona:
12,598,974

Imfa:
262,757

Milandu yatsopano yopitilira 183 ya COVID-19 idanenedwa ku United States pa Novembara 23, 2020.

Monga mukuwonera, kuchuluka kwa imfa zatsiku ndi tsiku kumawoneka kofanana pambuyo pa kufalikira koyamba. Koma pamene anthu ambiri akudwala, malo ambiri m’mabedi a m’chipatala akuwonjezeka. Ndipo kupsinjika kwa magulu azachipatala akutopa. Mabedi a ICU akudzazidwa ndipo akadzazidwa ndiye kuti mabedi osefukira amapangidwa ndipo ntchito zadzidzidzi zimachotsedwa.

Ndikumvetsetsa kuti anthu ambiri amalemba manambalawa ndikuchotsa ma chart awa ngati chimfine chapachaka komanso kuti izi sizowonjezera.

Apanso zomwe ndinanena za temberero la 4 la Levitiko. Mliri wa lupanga ndi njala.

Tikubwera kuthanthwe. Sitikubwerera mwakale.

Njala ya Mliri wa Lupanga.

Izi ndi zinthu zomwe takhala tikukuchenjezani kuti mukubwera kuyambira mu 2020. Mukayang'ana mmbuyo chaka chino ndi masomphenya a 2020 mukuwona moto wolusa ku Australia ndi USA west coast. Utsi wokhuthala umasintha usana kukhala usiku. Lembani nyengo zazitali zamoto. Lembani kuchuluka kwa mphepo zamkuntho. Dzombe lalikulu la apocalyptic kudutsa Middle East Pakistan India China Iran ndi Pakistan. Mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo tsopano funde lachiwiri layamba. UN ikuchenjezabe za 270 miliyoni kukhala mu njala pofika kumapeto kwa zaka.

Ndipo tsopano tikuwona mizera ya zikwi ku USA dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi likupempha chakudya.

LEVITIKO 26:23 Ndipo mukapanda kukonzedwa ndi Ine ndi zinthu izi, koma muyendabe motsutsana ndi Ine;
LEVITIKO 26:24 pamenepo ndidzatsutsana nanu, ndipo ndidzakulangani kasanu ndi kawiri chifukwa cha machimo anu.
LEVITIKO 26:25 Ndipo ndidzakutengerani lupanga lakubwezera chilango pangano. + Mukadzasonkhana m’mizinda yanu, + ndidzatumiza mliri pakati panu. + Ndipo mudzaperekedwa m’manja mwa mdani.
LEVITIKO 26:26 Ndikathyola ndodo yanu ya mkate, akazi khumi adzaphika mkate wanu mu uvuni umodzi, nadzakubwezerani mkate wanu ndi kuuyesa. ndipo mudzadya, osakhuta;
LEVITIKO 26:27 Ndipo ngati simundimvera Ine konse, koma mudzayenda motsutsana ndi Ine;
Lev 26:28 pamenepo ndidzayenda motsutsana nanu muukali. Ndipo ine, inde, ine ndidzakulanga kasanu ndi kawiri chifukwa cha machimo anu.
LEVITIKO 26:29 Ndipo mudzadya nyama ya ana anu amuna, ndi nyama ya ana anu akazi muziidya.

Apanso ndikufuna kukulimbikitsani kuti mutenge bukhu lathu Masiku 2300 a Gahena ndi kudziwa chifukwa chake zinthuzi zikuchitika komanso tanthauzo lake.

Sizikukhala bwino. Banja lanu lili pachiwopsezo. Pezani bukhuli ndikuphunzira chifukwa chake zonsezi zikuchitika.

Tidakhalanso ndi izi kuchokera ku PBS News Ola Lachiwiri.

Kuchita Zabwino

Timauzidwa kuti tikhoza kuswa Sabata kuti tipulumutse nyama yomwe ili m'mavuto.

Luk 14:5 Ndipo Iye adayankha iwo, nanena, Ndani wa inu bulu kapena ng’ombe yake itagwa m’dzenje, ndipo sadzayitulutsa pomwepo tsiku la sabata?

Tilinso ndi fanizo la Msamariya wachifundo.

Luk 10:25 Ndipo onani, wachilamulo wina adayimilira namuyesa Iye, nanena, Mphunzitsi, ndizichita chiyani kuti ndilowe moyo wosatha?

Luk 10:26 Ndipo adati kwa iye, m’chilamulo mulembedwa chiyani? Mumawerenga bwanji?

Luk 10:27 Ndipo Iye adayankha nati, Uzikonda Ambuye Mulungu wako ndi mtima wako wonse, ndi moyo wako wonse, ndi mphamvu yako yonse, ndi nzeru zako zonse, ndi mzako monga udzikonda iwe mwini.

Luk 10:28 Ndipo adati kwa iye, Wayankha bwino; chita ichi ndipo udzakhala ndi moyo.

Luk 10:29 Koma iye, pofuna kudziyesa wolungama yekha, adati kwa Yesu, Ndipo m'nansi wanga ndani?

Luk 10:30 Ndipo Yesu adayankha nati, Munthu wina adatsika kuchokera ku Yerusalemu kupita ku Yeriko;

Luk 10:31 Ndipo kudangotero kuti wansembe wina adatsikira njira yomweyo, ndipo pakumuwona Iye, adadutsa mbali yina.

Luk 10:32 Momwemonso Mlevi, pakufika pamenepo, ndi kumuwona Iye, anapyola mbali ina.

Luk 10:33 Koma Msamariya wina woyendayendayo adadza kwa Iye, ndipo pakumuwona Iye, adagwidwa chifundo.

Luk 10:34 Ndipo anayandikira namanga mabala ake, nathirapo mafuta ndi vinyo, namkweza pa chiweto chake, napita naye ku nyumba ya alendo, namsamalira.

Luk 10:35 Ndipo m’mawa mwake adatulutsa makobiri awiri, napatsa mwini nyumba ya alendo, nati kwa iye, msungire iye. Ndipo chilichonse chimene udzawononga, ndidzakubwezera iwe pakudza ine.

Luk 10:36 Ndipo uti wa awa atatu, uyesa muyesa kuti adali mnansi wake wa adagwa m’manja mwa achifwamba?

Luk 10:37 Ndipo adati, Iye amene adamchitira Iye chifundo. Ndipo Yesu anati kwa iye, Muka, nuchite momwemo.

Ndikufuna kuti muwerenge nkhani zonse zomwe ndili nazo pano ndikuganizira mafanizo awiri omwe ndagawana nawo pamwambapa. Kodi kuchitira ena zabwino n'kulakwa?

Chonde werengani nkhani yotsatira ndikudina ulalo kuti muwone momwe achinyamata alili omwe akulemba nkhani zawo atadwala COVID 19.

Tonse takhala ndi chimfine ndipo ambiri a inu mukuganiza kuti COVID iyi siyosiyana. Sichifanana ndi Chimfine. Chonde dinani ulalo ndikuwona momwe achinyamata alili m'nkhani yotsatirayi.

Ndikufunanso kuti muwonere kuyankhulana kwa Nov 22, 2020 pa 60 Mphindi ndi Anderson Cooper.

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-long-haulers-60-minutes-2020-11-22/

Magalimoto Aatali

'Zimandipweteka kukhala ndi moyo': Nkhani zochokera ku COVID-19 oyenda nthawi yayitali
Kwa anthu masauzande ambiri omwe adakhala ndi COVID-19, matendawa sanachoke.

Diana Duong Okutobala 21, 2020

Kupweteka kwa m'mimba, zikwapu zazing'ono, kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, miyezi ya "chifunga chaubongo," komanso kutopa kosatha. Zina mwazizindikiro za COVID-19 zomwe sizipanga mndandanda wazovomerezeka.

Ndizovuta kuti aliyense amvetsetse momwe kukhala ndi matenda aliwonse kulili, kucheperachepera kukhala ndi moyo womwe wangotsala miyezi 10 yakubadwa koma osamvetsetseka.

Kwa anthu masauzande ambiri omwe adakhala ndi COVID-19, matendawa sanachoke.

Odziwika kuti "oyenda maulendo ataliatali," ndi anthu omvetsa chisoni, omwe akulimbana ndi zizindikiro zokhalitsa ndipo amafooketsa ayambiranso miyezi ingapo zizindikiro zoyamba za kachilombo koyambitsa matenda akupha, zomwe palibe mankhwala.

Koma ngakhale kuti kuwonongeka kwakuthupi komwe kwachitidwa ku matupi awo kwakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga pa moyo ndi thanzi labwino, ambiri mwa anthu oyenda maulendo ataliatali amanena kuti choipitsitsacho sichikhulupiriridwa.

The Gulu lothandizira la Body Politic Covid-19 amakhulupirira odwala. Zomwe zidayamba ngati macheza ang'onoang'ono amagulu a Instagram zasintha kukhala njira yayikulu ya Slack yokhala ndi mamembala opitilira 7,000 padziko lonse lapansi omwe alimbana ndi COVID-19. Pali njira za odwala ochokera kudziko lililonse, omwe akhala ndi zizindikiro kwa masiku opitilira 30, masiku opitilira 90, osamalira anzawo odwala kapena achibale, komanso chizindikiro chilichonse kapena chiwalo chilichonse chomwe chakhudzidwa. Mamembala amakambirana ndi kuthandizana m'magawo onse a COVID-19, kuyambira pamavuto amisala mpaka pamavuto azachuma ndi ntchito.

Healthing idalankhula ndi azimayi atatu omwe ali mamembala a Body Politic ndipo pano akukhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za COVID-19.

Lauren Nichols adayamba kudwala pa Marichi 10.

Sikunali zilonda zapakhosi chabe. Koma m'malo mwake, kuwawa kozama m'mapapo ake komwe kumapangitsa mawu aliwonse omwe amalankhula, komanso kupuma kulikonse, kuwotcha. M’kati mwa maola 24, iye anatopa kwambiri, anatsekula m’mimba, ndi ululu wa m’munsi mwa m’mimba umene unasiya magazi m’chimbudzi chake kwa masiku asanu.

Koma m'mwezi wa Marichi, zizindikilo zachilendozi sizinafanane ndi zomwe CDC imafotokozera za COVID - zomwe, nthawiyo, zinkawonekabe ngati matenda opuma. Nichols adakanizidwa kuyezetsa COVID-19 ndipo adamuuza kuti ali ndi acid reflux yoyipa.

Pofika pa Marichi 17, adayamba kupuma movutikira kotero kuti kuyenda masitepe ochepa kuzungulira nyumba yake yachipinda chimodzi ku Boston kunamusiya ali wamphepo ndikupuma mpweya. Anali ndi malungo, chifuwa chowuma, mutu waching'alang'ala, kutaya kukoma ndi kununkhiza, komanso zotupa zofiirira kumapazi ake, zomwe tsopano zimadziwika kuti COVID zala. Pambuyo pa mayeso, choyipa kwambiri chidatsimikizika: anali ndi buku la coronavirus.

Iye anati: “Zinkaona ngati munthu akung’amba mapapu anga ndi mkati. "Ndimamva dongosolo lililonse la thupi lomwe ndinali nalo pang'onopang'ono likuchepa kwambiri ndi chinthu ichi."

"Ndili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mayeso abwino pafayilo chifukwa anthu ambiri ali ndi COVID koma alibe mayeso. Zimathandizadi mukayezetsa.”

Sindingathe kugwira ntchito m'mawa konse. Sizili ngati m'mawa wokongola komwe kuli-khofi wanga. Sindingathe kugwira ntchito ndipo zimandipweteka kukhala wamoyo m'mawa uliwonse.
Koma zotsatira zabwino za kachilomboka zinali chiyambi chabe cha zovuta zaumoyo za Nichols. Pofika pakati pa mwezi wa April, mwana wazaka 120 pounds wazaka 32 yemwe anali wathanzi komanso wopanda mikhalidwe yomwe inalipo kale anayamba kuyenda chibayo, anakumana ndi zizindikiro zopitirirabe za m'mimba, ndipo anayamba kunjenjemera m'dzanja lake lamanzere ndi dzanzi pa phazi lake lakumanzere lomwe linatenga miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo pa miyezi inayi yolunjika ya nseru, vertigo, ndi kutsegula m'mimba kosalekeza, anataya mapaundi 12.

Kwa ambiri oyenda nthawi yayitali, COVID-19 post-exertional malaise imatha kupangitsa munthu kukhala pabedi ngakhale atachita ntchito yosavuta ngati kupita kukhitchini. Nichols, yemwe ankakonda kuyenda mailosi asanu ndi limodzi patsiku asanakhale ndi COVID, tsopano amatha kuchita chizungulire ndikuyiwala momwe angachitire zinthu zosavuta.

“Ndikaiŵalatu chochita ndi chitseko ndipo sindimadziwa kutseka chitseko cha shawa. Ndikanalemba zonse kapena ndikanaiwala,” akutero.

Masiku ano, m'mawa ndizovuta kwambiri. Abwana a Nichols amulola kuti asinthe ndandanda yake kotero kuti amayamba ntchito 11 am

Iye anati: “Sindingathe kugwira ntchito m’mawa. "Sizili ngati m'mawa wokongola komwe muli-khofi wanga. Sindingathe kugwira ntchito ndipo zimandipweteka kukhala wamoyo m’mawa uliwonse.”

Osakhulupirira

Nichols akuti adakumana ndi anthu ambiri, pa intaneti komanso m'moyo weniweni, omwe sakhulupirira omwe adapulumuka ku COVID. Ndipo ngakhale kuti amadzuka m’mawa kwambiri ali wotopa kwambiri, izi ndi zimene zamulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa anthu onyamula makwerero aatali.

“Anthu ambiri samagwirizana chifukwa sanakhaleko. Nthawi zina, anthu sakupeza chithandizo choyenera chachipatala, ndiye kuti mwatsala pang'ono kudzisamalira - ndipo ndi malo ovuta kwambiri kukhalamo mukamalimbana ndi zovuta zakuthupi ngati izi," akutero. "Simungayerekeze kuti ndi zamaganizo pomwe pali zizindikiro zenizeni zenizeni zomwe zikuchitika. Ndizopanda umunthu kuwuza munthu ameneyo kugunda kwa mtima kwanu kosasinthika, zala zanu za COVID, kutsekula m'mimba kapena nseru chifukwa cha nkhawa. ”

Heather-Elizabeth Brown anali akutenga njira zonse zomwe angathe kuti apewe COVID-19. Anayamba kuvala chigoba kumayambiriro kwa mliriwo, adatalikirana ndi ena, ndikusamba m'manja nthawi zonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito sanitizer. Mpaka pano, sakudziwa komwe adatenga matendawa omwe angamuike pa makina opangira mpweya kwa masiku 31.

Monga wansembe wa dipatimenti ya apolisi ku Detroit, a Brown adatha kuyezetsa kachilomboka ngati woyamba kuyankha. Mayeso ake awiri oyamba adamupeza alibe ngakhale anali akutsokomola kale. Paulendo wake woyamba wopita kuchipatala, adauzidwa kuti apite kunyumba, akadzikhazikitse yekha, ndikupeza pulse oximeter kuti awone momwe mpweya wake uliri. Atayamba kudwala, anabwereranso ku chipatala komwe anakabwezanso.

Paulendo wake wachitatu wopita kuchipatala pa Epulo 15, ndi kutentha kwambiri, mpweya wochepa wa okosijeni ndi X-ray pachifuwa chomwe chinawonetsa chibayo, adamuyesa. Zotsatira zabwino zinali zotsimikiziranso komanso zowopsa.

“Kunali kumva kuwawa kowawa ndi kupepukidwa kuti ndinali kumvetsera thupi langa. Ndinadziŵa kuti chinachake sichili bwino,” akutero. "Komanso kuchita mantha chifukwa ndimadziwa kuti ndili ndi COVID ndipo ndimadwala kwambiri."

Mkati mwa maola 48, matenda a Brown anafika poipa kwambiri. Mnyamatayo wazaka 35 yemwe anali wathanzi adagonekedwa, adakomoka, kenako ndi makina opangira mpweya koyambirira kwa Epulo 18.

Kenako ndinafunsa kuti, 'Ndinali liti?' - monga 'ndinali kuti' koma ndi liti. Anandiuza kuti, 'ndi pakati pa May.' Ndipo ndinakumbukira nthawi yomaliza yomwe ndinagona inali pakati pa April.
"Ndangotha ​​kuphatikiza maola 12 mpaka 24 kuyambira kuyang'ana m'mbuyo mameseji ochokera kwa anthu angapo omwe ndimalankhula nawo mpaka pomwe ndimapita ku makina opangira mpweya," akutero. "Koma sindikukumbukira chilichonse chokhudza tsiku lonselo."

Kudzuka pokhala pa makina opangira mpweya sikunali kanthu kakang'ono ka surreal.

"Ndinali ndi maloto omveka bwino komanso maloto owopsa ndikakhala pa makina opangira mpweya, ndipo nditadzuka koyamba, zinali zovuta kuti ndidziwe zomwe zinali zenizeni," akutero. "Zinanditengera masiku angapo kuti ndimvetse zomwe zidachitika."

Akufotokoza kuti sangathe kuyankhula.

“Sipanapite tsiku limodzi kapena aŵiri pambuyo pake, pamene mmodzi wa anamwino m’chipinda cha odwala mwakayakaya anali kulankhula nane ndipo ndinazindikira kuti sindikanatha kuyankha,” iye akutero. "Ndimakhoza kusuntha ndi mawu, koma palibe chomwe chinkatuluka. Kenako ndinafunsa kuti, 'Ndinali liti?' kutanthauza kuti, 'Ndinali kuti?' ndipo 'Ili liti?' Anandiuza kuti, 'Ndi pakati pa Meyi.' Kenako ndinakumbukira nthawi yomaliza imene ndinagona pakatikati pa mwezi wa April.”

Patatha mlungu umodzi, a Brown adatha kuyang'ana foni yake komwe adapeza mameseji ndi maimelo ochokera kwa abwenzi, achibale, ndi achibale ake akutchalitchi. Pamene adayang'ana tsiku la mauthengawo, adatsika nthawi yomwe adakomoka: masiku 31.

Nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina opangira mpweya inalibe zotsatira zake. Anali atatuluka magazi ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti azimva dzanzi mosalekeza komanso kuti dzanja lake lamanzere ndi mwendo wake wamanzere ukhale wofooka. Dzanja lake lakumanzere silimasuntha kwathunthu - zotsatira za zomwe madokotala amakayikira kuti sitiroko yaying'ono anali nayo ali pa chothandizira mpweya.

Pakadali pano, Brown akukula tsiku lililonse, koma sikophweka.

Nthawi zina ndimakhumudwa kapena kukhumudwa. Koma ndili ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba kwambiri, ndimadalira Mulungu, ndimamukhulupirira,” akutero. "Ndipo ndimadzidalira ndekha komanso kulimba mtima kwanga. Kuika maganizo abwino pa chinthu chachikulu, chomwe chikuyenda bwino ndikuchita zonse zomwe ndingathe kuti ndichire. "

COVID-19 isanachitike, a Brown anali paulendo nthawi zonse komanso wokangalika mdera lawo ngati mtumiki. Koma chiyambire kudwala kwake, iye afunikira kuchedwetsa zinthu. Kukwera ndi kutsika masitepe tsopano kumamusiya ali wamphepo ndipo ngakhale kupita kwa dokotala kumamuthera mphamvu zake zonse pa tsikulo. Ndipo pamene akunena kuti anthu oyandikana naye ayesa kumuzungulira, mfundo yakuti palibe amene amagawana zomwe anakumana nazo zachititsa kuti adzipatule.

"Ngakhale kuti aliyense wakhala akundithandizira, palibe amene wakhala mu nsapato zanga kuti amvetse bwino momwe ndikumvera kapena chifukwa chake ndakhumudwitsidwa pamene zimanditengera mphindi 10 kuti ndikwere masitepe kapena chifukwa chake sindingathe kuchita izi kapena izo," Akutero. "Ndizovuta, koma ndimayamikira kuti anthu amayesetsa. Ndikulakalaka ndikadawonetsa kufunikira kokhala athanzi komanso otetezeka kwa iwo eni ndi ena chifukwa zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zazikulu. ”

Monga anthu ambiri aku America kumapeto kwa Marichi, Lauren Trozzo sanathe kuyezetsa COVID-19 nthawi yomweyo - ngakhale amadwala.

Mwamuna wake anali ku Argentina kukakonza nkhani za agogo ake omwalira pomwe adanyamuka kubwerera kwawo ku New York mkati mwa Marichi. Kumeneko, anakhala yekhayekha m’hotelo kwa masiku 12, akumva kupweteka kukhosi. Koma patapita mlungu umodzi, Lauren ndi ana ake atatu anayamba kudwala. Ana ake anali ndi zizindikiro zocheperako, koma Lauren anali kutsokomola komanso kupanikizana, kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma movutikira, komanso kutentha thupi pang'ono - zizindikiro zomwe sizinakwaniritse zoyezetsa panthawiyo.

Chizindikiro choyamba chosonyeza kuti Trozzo anali ndi kachilomboka ndi pomwe adapanga nyama yankhumba ndi mazira kuti adye chakudya cham'mawa patatha sabata ndi theka ndipo adapeza kuti sanalawe kalikonse - chizindikiro cha COVID-19.

“Chimenecho chinali chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri,” akutero. "Zinali ngati kudya katoni, zinali zodabwitsa."

Trozzo atapita kuchipatala, adotolo adamupatsa mankhwala opha tizilombo ndipo adamuuza kuti amuyezetse COVID. Katswiriyo adalimbana ndi swab yolimba yamatabwa ndipo adati swab siyikupita "komwe iyenera kupita." Mitsinje yamatabwa sivomerezedwa pamayeso a PCR. Katswiri wina pambuyo pake adauza Trozzo kuti mwina akugwiritsa ntchito swab yapakhosi. Mayeso anali opanda.

Anthu amati, 'koma simunayezetse,' koma sindinafunikire kuyezetsa.
Pa Epulo 22, Trozzo adayamba kumva chizungulire komanso dzanzi. Idazimiririka usiku wonse, motero adapita naye kuchipatala mawa lake. Pakati paulendo wa mphindi 20, milomo yake, manja ake, ndi nkhope yake yonse zinayamba kunjenjemera ndipo anayamba kutaya mphamvu za minofu m'manja mwake. Anayendetsa ndi manja ake, maso ake adasokonezeka, ndipo, pamene amalankhula ndi abambo ake pafoni, mwadzidzidzi analephera kufotokoza mawu ake.

Ku chipatala, anam’patsa njinga ya olumala monga momwe anasiya kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ya miyendo yake. Anatumizidwa kukayesa ndipo adawona anamwino angapo ndipo adamutumizira EKG ndi chifuwa cha X-ray. Anatulutsidwa ndipo anatumizidwa kwa katswiri wa mitsempha. Zinawululidwa kuti anali ndi magazi kuundana, zomwe zikanapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi zizindikiro zokhala ngati sitiroko. Pambuyo pake, dokotala wina adauza Trozzo kuti mwina amangokhala ndi nkhawa akuyendetsa.

Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zina zachepa, Trozzo akupitirizabe kupuma movutikira ndipo tsopano akumva kupweteka kwa thupi mwachisawawa. Iye wawonana ndi katswiri wa zaubongo, wa rheumatologist yemwe anamuuza iye kuti alibe matenda a autoimmune, ndi hematologist wa magazi kuundana. Adayezetsanso COVID-19 - nthawi ino ndi swab yolondola. Apanso, zotsatira zake zinali zoipa.

Mnyamatayo wazaka 36 yemwe anali wathanzi analibe mbiri ya sitiroko kapena matenda ena aliwonse kapena matenda. Ankachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse - kuthamanga makilomita awiri tsiku lililonse - amadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kulemera kwake, ndipo sankasuta, kumwa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Tsopano, amathera nthawi yake akupalasa njinga ndi banja lake, kuyesera kupanga mphamvu ya mapapu kuti azitha kuyenda popanda kupuma.

Zakhala nthawi yayitali kwa Trozzo, makamaka pamene akupitiliza kulimbana ndi Blue Cross, kampani yake ya inshuwaransi, chifukwa cha ngongole zakuchipatala zomwe zakwera mpaka $ 11,000. Blue Cross imati chithandizo chilichonse cha COVID chimaphimbidwa, koma chifukwa cha mayeso olakwika a Trozzo mu Epulo, omwe mwina adayendetsedwa molakwika, makampani a inshuwaransi sangapange chilichonse. Dokotala wake wamapapo - yemwe adamuuza pa Juni 23 kuti ali ndi COVID-19 ndi chibayo - ndiye "mpulumutsi wake yekha" panthawi yonseyi.

“Anthu amati, ‘koma sunayezedwe,’ koma sindinafunikire kukayezetsa,” iye akutero.

Nkhani ya anthu oyenda maulendo ataliatali ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zambiri zimene zinachitika pa nthawi ya mliriwu. Koma patatha miyezi yopitilira isanu ndi iwiri yodziyimira pawokha, ndipamene anthu oyenda nthawi yayitali akukhala nawo pazokambirana pa COVID-19.

Nichols anati: “N’zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri chifukwa odwala alibe mphamvu zoti azitha kudziimira okha. "Koma tikuyenera kupembedzera chifukwa palibe amene akutithandiza."

Abale matendawa ndi enieni. Sizinthu zina zongopeka chabe. Si nkhani zabodza zachiwembu. Ndi zenizeni komanso zowopsa kwambiri. Kodi ife tichite chiyani ngati okhulupirira? Ndi kuthekera kwa kuchiritsidwa ndi katemera tsopano ndi nthawi yoti tonse tilingalire mozama zomwe tiyenera kuchita. Kaya titalandira katemerayo kapena ayi, aliyense wa ife ayenera kupanga chisankho ngati kuti ndife Mfumu ya dziko lathu ndikusankha zomwe zili zabwino kwa onse okhudzidwa. Nthawi yobisala kuseri kwa kompyuta ndikusewera masewera a FB yatha. Mumatani ndipo mwapenda chowonadi ndi zowona zonse? Osachoka ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya choonadi. Satana amafuna kuti tonsefe tizifa.

Ngati mukupeza mfundo zanu kuchokera ku FB ndiye kuti mulibe zowona. Muli ndi zomva. Ndikupereka kwa inu ndikuyembekeza zowona kuchokera ku magwero odalirika. Ine sindidzakuuzani inu choti muchite. Komanso sindikupatsirani nkhani zakale za FB zachiwembu. Kodi zoona zake n’zotani? Kodi ana akuphedwadi kuti apange katemera? Ndi Anyani? Kodi Torah imati chiyani? Yehova akutsogolereni pa chilichonse chimene mwasankha kuchita mogwirizana ndi choonadi.

Mkhalidwe wachiyuda pa katemera

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2870103/jewish/What-Does-Jewish-Law-Say-About-Vaccination.htm

Kodi Malamulo Achiyuda Amati Chiyani Pankhani ya Katemera?

funso:
Posachedwapa pakhala pali mikangano ndi zokambirana zambiri pa nkhani ya katemera. Monga kholo, ndili ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zomwe malamulo achiyuda akunena pamutuwu.

Nzika Yodziwitsidwa
Yankho:
Wokondedwa Nzika,

Zikomo chifukwa cha funso lanu! Kapena mwina ndiyenera kunena mafunso, chifukwa mutu wa katemera uli ndi mitu yambiri komanso nkhani zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Chomwe chimapangitsa funso lanu kukhala lovuta kwambiri ndi chakuti mawu akuti katemera ndi ochuluka kwambiri - pali katemera wina wa matenda omwe amaika moyo pachiswe, ndipo ena amadwala omwe sali pangozi. Komanso, magawo osiyanasiyana a anthu akhoza kukhala ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu wawo ndi malo, ndi zina zotero.

Komabe, tisanayankhe funso la katemera mwachindunji, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsa Torah kufunika koteteza thanzi lanu lonse.

Ulamuliro wa Halachic Kusamala

Kutchinjiriza thanzi lanu sikungomveka, koma kwenikweni ndi mitzvah. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale simukufuna, pazifukwa zilizonse, mukuyenerabe kutero. Torah imatiphunzitsa kuti thupi lathu ndi mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu, choncho sitiri eni ake ndipo sitingathe kuliwononga.1

Sikokwanira kuthana ndi nkhani zaumoyo zikayamba; tiyenera kusamala kuti tipewe ngozi. Mutu womalizira wa Malamulo Achiyuda umagogomezera kuti “monga pali lamulo lomveka lakumanga linga pozungulira denga la tsindwi kuti munthu angagwe, momwemonso tiyenera kudzisungira tokha ku chilichonse chimene chingaike moyo wathu pachiswe. vesilo limati, 2 ‘Koma udzisungire wekha, nusunge moyo wako koposa . . .'”3

Monga chitsanzo cha chigamulo chimenechi, Rabbi Moshe Isserles (wotchedwa Rema), mmodzi wa akatswiri odziŵika bwino a Chiyuda, analemba kuti mliri ukabuka mumzinda, anthu a mumzindawo sayenera kuyembekezera kuti mliriwo ufalikira. M'malo mwake, iwo (kupatulapo ena4) ali ndi udindo kuyesa kuthawa mumzindawo ukangoyamba kumene.5

Pakakhala mliri, sikuti ndi udindo wanu kuthawa, koma monga kholo muli ndi udindo woteteza ana anu. Rabbi Yeshayah ha-Levi Horowitz, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Shelah, analemba kuti kholo lililonse limene silichotsa ana ake mumzinda umene wakhudzidwa ndi mliri, limakhala ndi mlandu umene udzawachitikire.6

Tatsimikiza kuti munthu ayenera kuchita chilichonse chomwe angathe kuti adzipulumutse yekha, ana ake, ndi ena ku zoopsa zomwe zingawononge moyo wake. ndipo zikuoneka kuti palibe kusiyana pakati pa katemera ndi kuthawa mumzinda pamene pali mliri.

Komabe, funso la katemera wamba pamene palibe mliri wamakono likuwoneka ngati lovuta kwambiri.

Katemera

Malangizo opezeka m'Malamulo a Chiyuda opewa ngozi sakhala ndi zoopsa zilizonse (mwachitsanzo, kuthawa mumzinda, kusadyera limodzi nyama ndi nsomba, kapena kusayika ndalama mkamwa mwako). Katemera, komabe, akhoza kukhala ndi zoopsa zina, ngakhale atakhala ochepa kwambiri. Potero kutibweretsera funso loti munthu atha kutenga chiopsezo pang'ono tsopano kuti mwina apewe chiopsezo chachikulu pambuyo pake.

Polimbana ndi nkhaniyi, mmodzi wa akuluakulu a boma panthaŵi imene anapezeka katemera wa nthomba m’zaka za m’ma 19, Rabbi Yisroel Lipschutz (wotchuka chifukwa cha ndemanga yake yothirira ndemanga pa Mishnah yotchedwa Tiferet Yisraeli), anagamula kuti ngakhale kuti anthu angaphedwe. katemera wa nthomba (panthawiyo 1/1000), munthu ayenera kulandirabe katemera.7

Pamene katemera wa poliyo anali kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mu Israyeli, panali awo amene anatembenukira kwa Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, wa chikumbukiro cholungama, kaamba ka lingaliro lake. Zotsatirazi ndi zitsanzo za mayankho ake.

M’nyengo yachisanu ya 1957 a Rebbe analemba yankho, kusonyeza kuti anali kufulumira kutero chifukwa cha kufunika kwakukulu kwa nkhaniyo:

. . Ponena za funso lanu lokhudza katemera motsutsana ndi matenda:

Ndidadabwa ndi funso lanu, popeza anthu ambiri ochokera ku Dziko la Israeli andifunsapo za izi ndipo ndawayankha motsimikiza, popeza unyinji wa anthu amatero bwino kuno [ku United States].

Zomveka, ngati pali ma jekeseni omwe amapangidwa ndi makampani ambiri opanga mankhwala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito omwe mankhwala awo ayesedwa bwino ndi kutsimikiziridwa.8

M’ngululu ya 1956 a Rebbe analemba kuti:

. . Poyankha kalata yanu yomwe mumandifunsa maganizo anga okhudza jakisoni omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa ana aang'ono:

Ndi pa nkhani ngati zimenezi pamene mawu akuti “Musadzipatule ndi anthu a m’mudzi” amagwiranso ntchito. Muyenera kuchita mogwirizana ndi zimene [makolo a] ambiri mwa ana amene ali m’kalasi la ana anu . . .9

Ngakhale katemera wa poliyo anathetsa bwino matendawa, panali nthawi zina pamene kuwombera kolakwika kumayambitsa matenda. M’kalata yochokera m’nyengo yozizira ya 1957, a Rebbe anatchulapo nkhaniyi:

. . Chochitika chomwe chinachitika ku United States chinali kumayambiriro kwa kugwiritsa ntchito katemerayu, mankhwala [enieni] asanakhazikitsidwe motsimikizika. Izi sizili choncho pakalipano, patatha miyezi yambiri yodziwa katemera.

Chifukwa chake, kudalirika kwa katemera kukakhazikika, palibe nkhawa. M'malo mwake . . .10

Mofananamo, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, mmodzi wa arabi otchuka a m’zaka 4 zapitazi, akulamula kuti ngati munthu ali ndi nkhaŵa yoyenerera ya kuopsa kopanda katemera, ndipo mwaŵi wokhawo wolandira katemera umakhala pa Shabbat (kapena adikire zaka 5 kapena 11 kuti alandire mwayi wotsatira, ndiye kuti katemera adzaloledwa pa Shabbat.XNUMX

Kulamula Katemera

Kungoganiza kuti katemera pakakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ndikufanana ndi kuthawa mliri, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti muchite, ndipo ena akhoza kukakamizidwa kutero. Funso lomwe likufunikabe kuyankhidwa ndilakuti, kuchokera pamalingaliro a halachic, titha kulamula ngakhale kulibe mliri wapano.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti popeza katemera wasanduka chizolowezi chovomerezeka, ndi udindo kwa makolo onse kuwapatsa ana awo. Choncho, kungakhale koyenera kulamula katemera. 12 Komabe, ena amaganiza kuti ngakhale kuti nthawi zina tingakakamize munthu wina kuti alandire chithandizo chamankhwala, sitingakakamize munthu wathanzi kapena kholo kuti alandire chithandizo chamankhwala. , ngakhale ngati kukana kwake kuli kozikidwa pa “mantha opanda nzeru.”13

Mwachiwonekere, monga momwe zilili m’zochitika zonse, makamaka ponena za thanzi la ana, munthu ayenera kukaonana ndi dokotala waumwini, dokotala wamankhwala wololedwa. Ngati dokotala wanu akukulangizani kuti musatemere chifukwa cha zinthu zinazake, ndiye kuti simuyenera katemera.

Chakudya Choganiza

Titakambirana njira ya Torah pa katemera wamba, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti si katemera onse omwe ali ofanana, ndipo ena amafunsa mafunso awoawo. Mwachitsanzo, nkhuku ya nkhuku (varicella), ngakhale ili yovuta, imakhala yoipa komanso nthawi zambiri imapha ana. Komano, ngakhale kuti akuluakulu sagwidwa ndi matenda a varicella, amatha kufa ndi nkhuku. Mwina, ena amatsutsa kuti, zingakhale bwino kuti mwanayo atenge nkhuku m'malo mopatsidwa katemera?14

Funso lina lomwe lingabwere ndi katemera wa poliyo. Matenda a polio apezeka m'madera ena a Israel omwe amatha kukhudza anthu omwe alibe katemera. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, pali kampeni yobweretsa kachilombo kocheperako kwa ana omwe adalandira kale katemera koma amatha kupatsira ena kachilomboka. Atalandira kachilombo kameneka, mwanayo sangadwale, koma adzamenyana ndi kachilomboka ndipo sadzakhala chonyamulira, motero kumathandiza kuthetsa kachilomboka kotheratu. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, mwanayo sangathe kugwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe alibe chitetezo cha mthupi, omwe angatenge matendawa ngakhale kuchokera ku kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Ndiye funso ndilakuti: kodi timasokoneza thanzi la anthu ena omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi omwe munthu angakumane nawo, chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri?

Mwachidule, monganso nkhani zina zambiri zamalamulo achiyuda, mkangano wotseguka ndi wophunzitsidwa wozikidwa pa mfundo za Torah ndi malingaliro a anzeru athu ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse mgwirizano. Monga momwe Rebbe akulembera, ndi pankhani ngati izi pomwe mawu akuti "Musadzipatule ndi anthu" amagwira ntchito.

Katemera Monga Phunziro la Moyo Wanu

Tiyeni timalize ndi chochitika chotsatirachi chosimbidwa ndi Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, wa chikumbukiro cholungama.

Myuda wina anandichezera posachedwapa, ndipo tinakambitsirana za maphunziro. Anandiuza kuti ziŵerengero zasonyeza kuti maphunziro oipa amavulaza ana 5 peresenti yokha.

Ndinamufunsa ngati anapatsa ana ake katemera wa chikuku, poliyo, ndi zina zotero. Iye anayankha kuti: “Zoonadi! Ndife makolo!”

"Kodi mukudziwa kuti ndi ana ochuluka bwanji omwe salandira katemerayu amatenga matendawa?" Ndidafunsa. Anadziŵa chiŵerengerocho—osakwana 3 kapena 4 peresenti. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale mwayi wa 4 peresenti, ndipo makamaka m'mayiko awa omwe matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri, ndikofunikabe katemera, ndi zowawa zonse, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimayambitsa. Chifukwa chiyani?

"Ndani amasamala zazovuta zazing'onozi, poyerekeza ndi zomwe zingachitike popanda katemera?" Adayankha.

Ndinamuuza kuti: “Ngati mokayikira 4 peresenti ndi bwino kupweteketsa mwana, kupirira kukuwa kwa mwanayo ndi zotsatira zina zonse za katemera, kupeŵa matendawa—ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zambiri palibe kuthekera kwa ngozi iliyonse ya moyo, koma kungosautsika kwambiri kwa nthawi-momwe kuli koyenera kuonetsetsa thanzi la moyo wa mwanayo, kumene kukayikira kuli 5 peresenti, ndi kumene katemera samayambitsa ululu uliwonse. Zomwe zimafunikira ndikusainira mwana kuti akaphunzire ku malo ophunzirira a Torah! Izi zidzakhudza moyo wake wonse!”

Chifukwa chiyani Ayuda sadzalandira katemera mpaka msinkhu wa sukulu.

https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/11/9/18068036/measles-new-york-orthodox-jewish-community-vaccines

Gulu lachiyuda la Orthodox ku New York likulimbana ndi mliri wa chikuku. Okana katemera ndi amene ali ndi mlandu.

Rockland County ndi New York City alengeza zadzidzidzi chifukwa cha mliriwu.

Wolemba Julia Belluz@juliaoftoronto Zasinthidwa Apr 10, 2019, 1:22pm EDTGraphics: Javier Zarracina

Othandizira odana ndi katemera akopa makolo ku New York kuti akane katemera wa ana awo, zomwe zidayambitsa miliri yayikulu kwambiri ya chikuku m'mbiri yaposachedwa ya boma, malinga ndi akuluakulu azaumoyo.

Pofika pa Epulo 10, anthu osachepera 285 ku New York City - makamaka ku Williamsburg ndi Borough Park ku Brooklyn - adadwala. Kufupi ndi Rockland County, anthu 168 atenga kachilomboka. Matendawa apangitsa akuluakulu azaumoyo m'madera onsewa kulengeza zadzidzidzi. Mumzindawu, akuluakulu adalamula katemera wovomerezeka pakati pa anthu osatemera Lachiwiri, ndikuwopseza omwe atuluka ndi chindapusa. Rockland yapafupi idatenga njira yachilendo yoletsa aliyense wazaka zosakwana 18 yemwe sanalandire katemera wa chikuku m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri kwa masiku 30 mu Marichi. Lamulo limenelo linaimitsidwa ndi woweruza patatha masiku khumi.

Chodziwika apa ndikuti madera omwe akhudzidwawo ndi olumikizana kwambiri: Milandu imachitika makamaka pakati pa Ayuda a Orthodox omwe sanatemeledwe kapena osalandira katemera, makamaka ana. Atafunsidwa chifukwa chake anthu akusiya kulandira katemera, dipatimenti ya zaumoyo mumzinda wa New York idati otsutsa katemera akufalitsa zabodza mdera.

Oyambitsa manthawa akuphatikizapo gulu lotchedwa PEACH - kapena Parents Educating and Advocating for Children's Health - lomwe likuwoneka kuti likuloza gulu lachiyuda ndi mauthenga olakwika okhudza chitetezo cha katemera, kutchula arabi monga akuluakulu, kupyolera mu hotline ndi magazini. Mphunzitsi wa tchalitchi cha Orthodox ku Brooklyn William Handler wakhala akulengezanso mgwirizano wodziwika bwino pakati pa katemera wa chikuku-mumps-rubella (MMR) ndi autism. Makolo omwe "amayika milungu ya katemera" akuchita "nsembe ya ana," adatero Vox.

Kugwa komaliza, mliri utayamba, ndidalankhula ndi Ayuda a Orthodox ku New York za mliriwu komanso nkhawa zawo za katemera. Ndipo ndinaphunzira kuti anthu ochepa sakhulupirira katemera - pazifukwa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zachipembedzo.

Komabe mfundo yoti Ayuda ena achi Orthodox amakhala kunja kwa anthu ambiri, amapewa ukadaulo, ndikukhala ndi malingaliro a arabi mwaulemu zitha kuwapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha anti-vaxxers.

"Pokhala Myuda wachipembedzo, umazoloweranso kukhala ndi malingaliro ochepa," atero a Alexander Rapaport, CEO wa Masbia Soup Kitchen Network ku Brooklyn, komanso pamaso pagulu la gulu la Hasidic. Chifukwa chake ngati china chake sichinali chodziwika bwino, sichimakulepheretsani kuchikhulupirira.

Iye anafotokozanso kuti Ayuda ena achipembedzo cha Orthodox ku Brooklyn amapita kusukulu limodzi, kupembedza limodzi, kukhalira limodzi komanso kumayenda limodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ochepa osatemera omwe amakhala moyandikana akhoza kukhala owopsa. Koma zikutanthawuzanso kuti kulowa ndi mauthenga azaumoyo kumafuna khama lowonjezera. "Tikuwona kuti boma likuyika ndalama zambiri pakudziwitsa anthu zaumoyo," adatero Rapaport. "Koma sizimafika kwa olankhula Chiyidishi kapena anthu omwe alibe ma TV."

Nkhani yaku New York ndi yodziwika bwino: Madera ena ogwirizana - monga anthu aku Somali-America ku Minnesota, Amish ku Ohio, ndipo posachedwa, osamukira ku chilankhulo cha Chirasha ku Washington - agwa posachedwa chifukwa cha mliri wa chikuku. za kukana katemera. Mliri wa New York uku ndi chikumbutso cha momwe magulu odziyimira pawokha angakhalire pachiwopsezo cha anti-vaxxers, komanso zovuta zapadera kwa olimbikitsa zaumoyo polimbana ndi mauthenga awo m'maderawa.

Chikuku chinathetsedwa ku US mu 2000 - koma miliri yokhudzana ndi kukana katemera yakhala ikuchitika m'madera omwe anthu sali osagwirizana.

Pali mfundo imodzi yomwe imapangitsa kuti kachilombo ka chikuku kukhale koopsa: Ndi imodzi mwa matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe anthu amawadziwa. Munthu yemwe ali ndi chikuku amatha kutsokomola m'chipinda, kuchoka, ndipo - ngati mulibe katemera - patatha maola angapo, mutha kutenga kachilomboka kuchokera kumadontho amlengalenga omwe adasiya. Palibe kachilombo kena kamene kangachite zimenezo.

Choncho ngati mulibe katemera, n’zosavuta kugwira chikuku. Pagulu lopanda katemera, munthu mmodzi yemwe ali ndi chikuku amatha kupatsira ena 12 mpaka 18. Izi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa ma virus ena monga Ebola, HIV, kapena Sars.

Pofika m’chaka cha 2000, chifukwa cha katemera wofala, analengeza kuti kachilomboka katheratu ku United States: Anthu okwanira analandira katemera wosonyeza kuti miliri inali yachilendo, ndipo imfa za chikuku sizinamvepo kanthu.

Koma kuti katemera aliyense akhale wogwira mtima, muyenera kukhala ndi anthu ena mwa anthu omwe ali ndi katemera. Ndicho chimene chimadziwika kuti "chitetezo cha ng'ombe," ndipo zikutanthauza kuti matenda sangafalikire mwa anthu mosavuta. Ndi katemera wa MMR, 95 peresenti ya anthu amafunika kuwombera. Choncho anthu ochepa okha amene amakana katemera angakhale oopsa.

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2000, takhala tikuwona miliri chaka chilichonse mwa anthu omwe amamwa katemera wocheperako, omwe amakhala pakati pa 37 ndi 667. Kachilomboka kamafala ngati apaulendo opanda katemera amayendera malo omwe chikuku chikufalikira kwambiri ndikubweretsanso kwa anthu ena omwe alibe katemera kapena opanda katemera omwe amakhala mdera logwirizana komwe makolo ena akhala akusiya kulandira katemera wa ana awo.

Izi ndi zomwe zidachitika m'miliri yayikulu yaposachedwa ya chikuku ku US kuyambira pomwe matendawa adathetsedwa. Mu 2014, chikuku chinafalikira pakati pa anthu osatemera a Amish ku Ohio pambuyo poti mmishonale wina atabweretsa kachilomboka kuchokera ku Philippines. Ndipo mu 2017, wapaulendo adayambitsa chipwirikiti mdera lachi Somalia-America ku Minnesota.

Ku New York, miliri yomwe yachitikapo idayambanso ndi apaulendo omwe adangopita kumene ku Israel, komwe mliri wa chikuku ukuyamba. Apaulendowo adabwerera ku US ndikufalitsa pakati pa anthu osatemera kapena opanda katemera ku New York.

Koma zimenezi si zachilendo ayi. Gulu lachiyuda la Orthodox lakumana kale ndi matenda ambiri oletsa katemera m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuphatikiza chifuwa cham'mimba ndi mphuno. Posachedwapa mu 2013, mliri wina wa chikuku wokhudza anthu 58 udakhala waukulu kwambiri mumzindawu kuyambira 1992, pafupifupi zaka khumi chisanachitike chikuku, ndipo zidawonongera mzindawu $400,000.

Chifukwa chomwe makolo sakupatsa katemera ku New York

Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ndidalankhula nawo m'nkhaniyi analibe nkhawa za chitetezo cha katemera ndipo amalandila katemera mosangalala mabanja awo. Malingaliro ambiri ndikuti palibe chifukwa chachipembedzo chopewera katemera.

"Kuchokera kuchipembedzo, anthu amayenera kulandira katemera," Rabbi David Niederman, mkulu wa bungwe ndi pulezidenti wa United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburg, anandiuza. M'malo mwake, anthu ali ndi udindo woteteza mabanja awo komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri m'madera mwawo. "Chilichonse chomwe chimavulaza - muyenera kuchita chilichonse chomwe mungathe kuti [mupewe] zimenezo."

Komabe maulamuliro a Rabbi, komanso mkangano wopewa kuvulaza, akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otsutsa katemera ngati njira yofalitsira zabodza.

Taganizirani nkhani ya Rachel, * Myuda wa tchalitchi cha Orthodox ku Brooklyn. Pamene mwana wake wamkulu anali ndi miyezi 18, anabweretsa mwana wake kwa dokotala kuti adzalandire katemera wa MMR. Posakhalitsa, mtsikanayo adatsika ndi malungo omwe adakwera mpaka 106 ndipo pamapeto pake adagonekedwa m'chipatala.

“Dokotala ananena kuti panalibe kugwirizana ndi katemerayu,” amakumbukira motero mayi wa ana asanu ndi aŵiri, wa miyezi 11 mpaka zaka 15. Koma Rakele ankakayikira. Pambuyo pake, anaona kuti mwana wake wamkazi akudwala nthaŵi zonse. “Matenda a m’makutu, ma virus. Ndinkakhala ku ofesi ya dokotala.” Iye ankaganiza kuti katemera ndi amene wachititsa.

Chifukwa chake adawerenga zojambulidwa m'mapepala a PEACH, adawonera zolemba zotsutsana ndi katemera wa Vaxxed, ndikulankhula ndi anansi ake omwe amakhala mdera lawo lachiyuda la Brooklyn Orthodox.

"Arabi omwe saganiza kuti katemera ndi njira yoyenera yodziwikiratu," adatero, "koma ndingatchule gulu laiwo."

Iye ankawerenga komanso kumva zinthu zimene zinkamudetsa nkhawa. Zosakaniza za katemera sizimawoneka zotetezeka kapena zathanzi, ndipo adamva mphekesera za anansi omwe ana awo adadwala autism atangowombera. (Mwa mbiri, zambiri za anthu masauzande azaka zapitazi zapeza kuti katemera ndi wotetezeka komanso wogwira mtima.)

Choncho kwa zaka zambiri, Rachel wakhala akupatsa ana ake katemera “mochepa”. Awiri ake aang'ono sanalandire katemera konse.

Masiku ano, pakati pa kubweretsa ana ake kusukulu ndi kuwasintha matewera, mayi amene amakhala pakhomo amakhala ndi laibulale m’nyumba mwake, mmene makolo angabwereke mabuku ofotokoza katemera ndi kukambirana zimene akuwerenga. Laibulaleyi ili ndi mabuku onse ochiritsira komanso oletsa katemera. Anthu amatha kuwerenga ndi kusankha okha.

Laibulale yake imalengezedwa m'zinthu zotsutsana ndi katemera zomwe zikufalitsidwa mdera la Rachel, ndipo tsopano ndi m'gulu la anthu ochepa omwe amakana katemera - yemwe wathandizira kuyambitsa miliri iwiri yayikulu kwambiri ya chikuku m'mbiri yaposachedwa yaku US.

“Zakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhumudwitsa makolo”

Zina mwazodetsa nkhawa za Rachel zikuwonetsedwa mu Vaccine Safety Handbook, yomwe akuti idapangidwa kuchokera ku Brooklyn ndi gulu la PEACH. (Gululo linakana kufunsidwa mafunso m’nkhaniyi.) Bukuli lili ndi mawu akuti, “Nthawi zonse mukhoza katemera. Simungathe kutulutsa katemera,” masamba onama okhudza katemera, kuphatikizapo ulalo wodziwika bwino wa autism, komanso malangizo ochokera kwa arabi onena za “lamulo la m’Baibulo” lopewa kuyika moyo kapena thanzi la munthu pachiswe — kuphatikizapo kuopsa kwa katemera.

Gwero lina lachidziwitso cholakwika cha katemera ndi Rabbi William Handler, yemwenso ali ndi lingaliro lakuti katemera amayambitsa autism - ndikugawana ndi makolo. "Ndimafotokozera makolo kuti akuluakulu azaumoyo monga [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] alibe chidwi ndi mwana aliyense," adatero. Njira yabwino yopewera ngozi yomwe ingachitike ndi kupewa katemera, akulangiza motero. “[Makolo] safuna kusewera roulette ya ku Russia ndi ana awo. Zili ngati kupereka mwana nsembe.”

Ngakhale maphunziro akuluakulu okhudza masauzande ambiri omwe atenga nawo gawo m'maiko angapo alephera kukhazikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa katemera wa MMR ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda amisala, ndi malingaliro a autism omwe dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ku New York City imamva zambiri.

"Tsoka ilo, nkhawa yoti ngati pali kulumikizana kulikonse kwatsala pang'ono kuchitika komanso [chifukwa] zabodza, ndipo zakhala zovuta kuletsa makolo," a Jane Zucker, wothandizira wa ofesi ya Katemera ku New York City, adauza Vox. "Tikumva kuti akufuna kudikirira mpaka mwanayo atakula kuti adziwe kuti mwanayo alibe autism, ndiye kuti mwanayo alandire katemera."

Vuto lolimbana ndi zotsutsana ndi katemera m'madera akutali

Boma la New York sililola makolo kukana katemera pazifukwa za nzeru, ngakhale kuti makolo angapeze kuti saloledwa pazifukwa za thanzi ndi zachipembedzo. Ana akafika kusukulu, ayenera kupereka umboni wosonyeza kuti ana awo alandira katemera, pokhapokha ngati sanaloledwe.

Zucker akuti milingo ya katemera m'masukulu achiyuda ku New York City ikuwoneka ngati yapakati, ngakhale masukulu achipembedzo ali ndi ufulu wochuluka wachipembedzo kuposa masukulu omwe si achipembedzo. Ndipo ana asanapite kusukulu, pali vuto ku Williamsburg: Ili ndi imodzi mwamitengo yotsika kwambiri ya katemera wa ana aang'ono, azaka zapakati pa 19 mpaka 35, mumzinda.

Chifukwa chake sizodabwitsa kwa Zucker kuti ana omwe akhudzidwa ndi chikuku pa mliriwu anali aang'ono kwambiri kuti asapite kusukulu. Malinga ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo mumzindawu, milandu ya chikuku ya Williamsburg ndi Borough Park inali ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, azaka zoyambira miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mpaka zaka zinayi. (Rockland anakana kufotokoza zambiri za omwe akhudzidwa, kutchula nkhawa zachinsinsi.)

Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali gulu la ana omwe malamulo aboma a katemera sagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda otetezedwa ndi katemera.

"Ana akalowa sukulu timadziwa kuti tili ndi katemera wabwino," adatero Zucker. "Ndikuchedwa, komabe, ndipo ndizomwe zikugwirizana ndi kufalikiraku."

Komabe, kufikira makolo amene akukayikira katemera sikophweka. Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo yatumiza zidziwitso ku masukulu ndi zipatala zomwe zili ndi Ayuda ambiri achi Orthodox, zomwe zachitika, ndikuyika zotsatsa ndikugawa zikwangwani m'mapepala a Orthodox mu Chiyidishi ndi Chingerezi.

Akuluakulu azaumoyo akuyenera kulowererapo miliri isanayambe

Koma akuyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri, atero atsogoleri ammudzi, ndikulowererapo zisanachitike.

"Tili ndi cholepheretsa chilankhulo, cholepheretsa chikhalidwe," atero a Rabbi Avi Greenstein, mkulu wa bungwe la Boro Park Jewish Community Council, m'madera omwe akhudzidwawo, "ndipo ndizomveka kuti dipatimenti ya zaumoyo iyenera kufikira [mudzi wathu. ].”

Zikachitika, zikwangwani zonena za kufunika kwa katemera kuchokera ku dipatimenti yazaumoyo ziwonekera m'malo opezeka anthu komanso malo oyandikana nawo, atero a Alexander Rapaport, wamkulu wa Masbia Soup Kitchen. Koma, "Zithunzi zochokera mumzindawu ndizovuta," anawonjezera, ndipo sizokwanira zomwe zikuchitika kuti ziphunzitse anthu kusanachitike.

M'makalata aposachedwa pa Facebook, Rapaport adagawananso malingaliro ake kuti ntchito ya katemera wa mzindawo ikhoza kubwereranso. "M'malo mowononga ziwerengero zenizeni pakutsatsa ndi kuzindikira akuyesera njira zokakamiza. Sizigwira ntchito,” analemba motero. "Gwiritsani ntchito ndalama zenizeni pa uthenga wa katemera."

Ntchitoyi isanachitike, kufalikiraku kudapangitsa kuti katemera wa MMR atengeke pakati pa ana mumzindawu, malinga ndi zomwe dipatimenti yazaumoyo ku New York City idatulutsa.

Chifukwa chake mwina vuto lazaumoyo lingakhale mwayi wosintha malingaliro a anthu. "Zikumveka bwino ngati anthu atenga udindo [wosapereka katemera], ndi munthu wopanda udindo, kholo lopanda udindo," Greenstein anabwereza motero. "Izi ndizovuta kwa anthu ammudzi."

* Sitinatchule dzina lenileni la Rachel chifukwa ankadera nkhawa zachinsinsi komanso kutsutsa maganizo ake.

Autism idasinthidwa

https://www.vox.com/2018/2/27/17057990/andrew-wakefield-vaccines-autism-study

Chinyengo cha kafukufuku chinayambitsa gulu lodana ndi katemera. Tisabwereze mbiri.

Momwe sayansi yonyansa ya Andrew Wakefield idathandizira mantha a katemera wa autism omwe maphunziro akuluakulu amapitilirabe.

Wolemba Julia Belluz@juliaoftoronto Zasinthidwa Marichi 5, 2019, 12:06pm EST

Zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo, magazini ina yolemekezeka ya zachipatala inafalitsa kafukufuku kakang’ono kamene kakhala m’kafukufuku wodziwika kwambiri komanso wowononga kwambiri pazamankhwala.

Kafukufukuyu, motsogozedwa ndi wofufuza yemwe tsopano wanyozedwa Andrew Wakefield, adakhudza ana 12 ndipo adati pali kulumikizana pakati pa katemera wa chikuku, mphuno, ndi rubella - omwe amaperekedwa kwa mamiliyoni a ana padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse - ndi autism.

Pambuyo pake phunzirolo linathetsedwa bwino. A Lancet adabweza pepalalo ndipo Wakefield adalandidwa layisensi yake yachipatala. Ofufuza a Autism awonetsa motsimikiza mobwerezabwereza kuti vutoli silimayambitsidwa ndi katemera.

Komabe, akatswiri azaumoyo ati zomwe zabodza komanso zolakwika zomwe zili patsambalo, pomwe zimakanidwa mdziko lasayansi, zidathandizira kusuntha kowopsa kwa katemera komanso kukana padziko lonse lapansi.

Chiyambireni kufalitsidwa, miliri ya chikuku yabuka ku Europe, Australia, ndi US m'madera omwe anthu amakana kapena kuwopa katemera. Kukana katemera kwakhala vuto lalikulu kotero kuti mayiko ena ku Europe tsopano akuphwanya, kupangitsa katemera kukhala wovomerezeka kwa ana ndi kulipiritsa chindapusa kwa makolo omwe amawakana. Mu 2019, World Health Organisation idatcha kuti kukayikira katemera ndi chimodzi mwazowopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Koma pali zambiri pa nkhaniyi. Ngakhale kuti cholinga cha WHO cha 2015 chothetsa chikuku sichinakwaniritsidwe, komanso kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa matenda a chikuku kukukhudza, kupita patsogolo kolimbana ndi matendawa kukupitilirabe padziko lonse lapansi. Kusindikizidwa kwa kafukufuku winanso waukulu wotsutsa ulalo wa katemera-autism, pa Marichi 5 mu Annals of Internal Medicine, zikuwoneka ngati mphindi yabwino kuyang'ana mmbuyo zomwe zidayambitsa nkhawa za katemera, ndikuganizira momwe tingapewere malingaliro ena ovulaza anthu. thanzi kuchoka kugwira.

Kafukufuku wa MMR vaccine-autism anali sayansi yokayikitsa

Chinthu choyamba kudziwa za pepala la Wakefield ndikuti inali sayansi yokayikitsa kwambiri. Sizinayenere kusindikizidwa m'magazini apamwamba azachipatala - osasiya kulandira chisamaliro chonse chomwe adalandira pambuyo pake.

Wakefield adapanga mgwirizano pakati pa katemera wa chikuku-mumps-rubella (MMR) ndi autism kutengera kafukufuku wokhudza ana 12 okha.

Pepalalo linalinso lipoti la mlandu. Malipoti amilandu ndi nkhani zatsatanetsatane za mbiri yachipatala ya odwala, ndipo - chifukwa kwenikweni ndi nkhani chabe - amatengedwa m'gulu lofooka kwambiri la maphunziro azachipatala. Kunena zowona, malipotiwa atha kukhala othandiza, koma si umboni womwe mukufuna kunena molimba mtima za china chake ngati ulalo wa katemera-autism.

Ana ambiri ali ndi autism ndipo pafupifupi onse amatenga katemera wa MMR. Kupeza pankhaniyi kuti pakati pa gulu la ana khumi ndi awiri ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi onse awiri sizodabwitsa nkomwe. Ndipo sizikutsimikizira kuti katemera wa MMR amayambitsa autism. (Wakefield adanenanso za kulumikizana pakati pa katemera ndi matenda atsopano otupa a m'matumbo, omwe adatchedwa "autistic enterocolitis" ndipo sanavomerezedwe.)

Kuonjezera apo, mtolankhani wofufuza wa ku Britain Brian Deer atatsatira mabanja a ana 12 omwe anali mu kafukufukuyu, anapeza kuti, "Palibe mlandu umene unali wopanda malipoti olakwika kapena kusintha." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, Wakefield, wolemba wamkulu wa lipoti loyambirira, adasokoneza deta yake. (Onani tchati chowonekera mu lipoti ili kuti mumve zambiri.)

Wakefield analinso ndi mikangano yayikulu yazachuma. Pakati pawo, ngakhale amatsutsa katemera wa MMR wophatikizana ndikunena kuti makolo ayenera kupatsa ana awo kuwombera kamodzi kwa nthawi yaitali, iye anali kulemba mavoti ovomerezeka a katemera wa matenda amodzi. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, General Medical Council (woyang'anira zachipatala ku UK) adapeza kuti adalipira ana paphwando la kubadwa kwa mwana wake wazaka 10 kuti apereke magazi awo pakufufuza kwake. (Poganiza zomulanda layisensi yake yakuchipatala ku UK, GMC idati Wakefield adachita "kusalabadira zowawa ndi zowawa zomwe ana angamve.")

Pomaliza, Wakefield sanafotokoze zomwe adapeza. Pamaziko enieni a sayansi pali lingaliro la bodza: ​​Wasayansi amayesa, kusonkhanitsa zomwe wapeza, ndipo amayesa kudzitsutsa yekha mwa kubwereza kuyesa kwake muzochitika zina. Pokhapokha atachita zimenezo m’pamene angadziŵe kuti zimene wapezazo zinali zoona.

Monga momwe mkonzi wa BMJ ananenera, “Wakefield wapatsidwa mpata wokwanira woti athe kutengera zomwe pepalalo wapeza kapena kunena kuti analakwitsa. Wakana kutero.” Mu 2004, 10 mwa omwe adalemba nawo papepala loyambirira adachichotsa, koma Wakefield sanagwirizane nawo, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo akupitilizabe kutsutsa malingaliro ake, kuphatikiza kuchita kuzungulira padera la anti-vaxxer speaker ndi kusindikiza mabuku.

Ulalo wa katemera ndi autism wasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza

Pakuwunika kwaposachedwa, kofalitsidwa pa Marichi 5 mu Annals of Internal Medicine, ofufuza a Statens Serum Institut ku Denmark adalumikiza chidziwitso cha katemera ndi matenda a autism, mbiri ya abale a autism, komanso zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la autism mwa ana oposa 600,000 obadwa ku Denmark pakati pa 1999. mpaka 2010. "Phunziroli likuchirikiza kwambiri kuti katemera wa MMR samawonjezera chiopsezo cha autism, sichimayambitsa autism mwa ana omwe atengeka, ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa autism pambuyo pa katemera," ofufuzawo anamaliza.

Izi zisanachitike, ofufuza akulemba mu JAMA adayang'ana ana pafupifupi 100,000 omwe adawombera komanso mbiri yabanja lawo la autism. Ofufuzawo adapezanso kuti katemera wa MMR sanagwirizane ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha autism, ngakhale ndi ana omwe anali ndi azichimwene ake akuluakulu omwe ali ndi vutoli. "Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti palibe mgwirizano wovulaza pakati pa chiphaso cha katemera wa MMR ndi ASD ngakhale pakati pa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ASD," ofufuzawo adamaliza.

Zonse pamodzi, lingaliro lakuti katemera wa MMR angayambitse autism lasokonezedwa ndi maphunziro akuluakulu okhudza zikwi za anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali m'mayiko angapo.

Koma kusokoneza konse sikuli vuto la Wakefield kokha

Ndiye kodi maganizo opusa ngati amenewa anatengera bwanji mphamvu? Chinthu chachiwiri choti mudziwe za kafukufuku wa Wakefield wa katemera wa autism ndikuti atolankhani adathandizira kuti izi zitheke.

Chimodzi mwazolemba zomwe ndimakonda pa nkhani ya Wakefield zimachokera kwa mtolankhani waku Britain Ben Goldacre. M’gawo la Guardian ndi m’buku lake lakuti Bad Science, Goldacre ananena kuti atolankhani anali ndi phande m’kuchirikiza lingaliro lakuti katemera amayambitsa autism:

Wakefield anali pakatikati pa chimphepo chamkuntho chokhudza katemera wa MMR, ndipo tsopano akuimbidwa mlandu ndi atolankhani ngati kuti ndiye yekhayo amene ali ndi vuto. Zoona zake n’zakuti ofalitsa nkhani ali ndi mlandu mofanana.

Ngakhale zikanakhala kuti zidachitidwa bwino - ndipo sizinali choncho - "Lipoti la nkhani za Wakefield" za ana 12 zachipatala za ana sizikanati zitsimikizire kuti MMR imayambitsa autism, ngakhale atolankhani adanena: inalibe manambala okwanira kutero. Koma atolankhani ankanena mobwerezabwereza nkhawa za munthu m'modzi ameneyu, nthawi zambiri osapereka tsatanetsatane wa kafukufukuyu, mwina chifukwa chakuti adapeza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, zosadziwika bwino, kapena chifukwa kutero kukanasokoneza nkhani yawo.

Ife atolankhani tikuchitabe izi mpaka pano pa nkhani zambirimbiri zaumoyo. Timapereka lipoti la maphunziro amodzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa molakwika - ngakhale sakuyenera kupatsidwa chidwi. Timaganiziranso kwambiri za kayendetsedwe ka katemera ndi nkhawa zawo kusiyana ndi kupita patsogolo kodabwitsa komwe kwachitika polimbana ndi matenda oletsa katemera.

Zina mwa izi zikugwirizana ndi momwe zipinda zofalitsa nkhani zimagwirira ntchito: Olemba nkhani amakonda zosamveka komanso zachilendo m'malo mopita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, monga momwe Steven Pinker akunenera m'buku lake laposachedwa, Enlightenment Now. Koma pochita zimenezi, timataya chithunzithunzi chachikulu.

Makatemera, a Pinker adanenanso, akhala ofunikira kwambiri pakupita patsogolo komwe tapanga zaka zana zapitazi motsutsana ndi imfa ndi matenda. Mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa mfuti ya nthomba, kunathandiza kuti matenda oopsa komanso opweteka kwambiri—amene anapha anthu oposa 300 miliyoni m’zaka za m’ma 20 kukhala zakale. (Smallpox ndi matenda okhawo mwa anthu omwe adathetsedwa, ndipo womaliza adapezeka ku Somalia mu 1977.)

Posachedwapa, kuyambira 1990, imfa za ana chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana monga HIV ndi chikuku (inde, chikuku!) zapitirizabe kuchepa padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa cha katemera ndi njira zopewera matenda. Tangowonani tchati chaposachedwa ichi kuchokera ku US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:

Zikuwonetsa kuti kufa kwa chikuku ndi katemera kupitilirabe kutsika padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za m'ma 2000. Lipotilo linati: “Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu amene amafa ndi chikuku chaka chilichonse anali osakwana 100,000, m’chaka cha 2016.”

Matenda a chikuku ku US m'zaka zaposachedwa akhala akukhazikika kuyambira pomwe matendawa adathetsedwa kuno mu 2000 (kutanthauza kuti sikulinso). Masiku ano, miliri imachitika pamene apaulendo abwerera kumadera osatetezedwa - monga kufalikira kwa 2014 pakati pa gulu la Amish lomwe silinatengedwe ku Ohio.

Apanso, kupita patsogolo kolimbana ndi chikuku kudachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa katemera wanthawi zonse kuno ndi kunja. Kuyambira m’chaka cha 2000, katemera wa chikuku wokwana 5.5 biliyoni aperekedwa kwa ana, kupulumutsa anthu pafupifupi 20.4 miliyoni. Chifukwa chake chothandizira champhamvu kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda oletsa katemera chinali sayansi, Pinker akutikumbutsa. Tiyeni tisaiwale zimenezo mwa kusinkhasinkha kwambiri za sayansi yoipa.

Koma kuletsa kufalikira kwa sayansi yokayikitsa kudzafunika zambiri kuposa kupanga zofalitsa zokayikitsa. Monga ndalembera kale, ziyenera kuphatikizapo kuganizira za momwe angapewere sayansi yoipa kuti isayambe kuyambika pophunzitsa achinyamata luso loganiza bwino.

Kupanga magulu ankhondo a zowunikira pang'ono za sayansi - omwe amatha kuwona mosavuta kafukufuku wopangidwa mosasamala - ndiyo njira yokhayo yodzitetezera tokha motsutsana ndi vuto lina la Wakefield.

Otsutsa ochotsa mimba amatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wa COVID-19 pama cell a fetal

Wolemba Meredith Wadman Jun. 5, 2020, 6:15 PM

Momwe kupanga katemera wa COVID-19 kumakumana ndi zovuta zamakhalidwe abwino

Atsogoleri akuluakulu a Katolika ku United States ndi Canada, pamodzi ndi magulu ena oletsa kuchotsa mimba, akutsutsa zonena za anthu omwe akufuna kulandira katemera wa COVID-19 omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maselo opangidwa kuchokera ku makanda aumunthu omwe adachotsedwa mwadala zaka zambiri zapitazo. Sanafune kuletsa ndalama zaboma zopezera katemera, zomwe zikuphatikiza katemera awiri omwe a Trump akufuna kuthandizira ndi ndalama zokwana $ 1.7 biliyoni, komanso munthu wachitatu wopangidwa ndi kampani yaku China mogwirizana ndi National Research waku Canada. Bungwe (NRC). Koma akulimbikitsa opereka ndalama ndi opanga mfundo kuti awonetsetse kuti makampani akupanga katemera wina yemwe sadalira ma cell a fetal ndipo, ku United States, akupempha boma kuti "lilimbikitse" makampani kuti angopanga katemera omwe sadalira mwana wosabadwayo. maselo.

"Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu aku America apeze katemera yemwe amapangidwa motsatira malamulo: palibe waku America yemwe ayenera kukakamizidwa kusankha pakati pa katemera wa kachilomboka komanso kuphwanya chikumbumtima chake," mamembala a bungwe la US Conference of Catholic Bishops ndi 20. mabungwe ena achipembedzo, azachipatala, ndi andale omwe amatsutsa kuchotsa mimba adalembera Stephen Hahn, Commissioner wa US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), mu April. "Mwamwayi, katemera wina wa [COVID-19] ...

“Tikupempha boma lanu kuti lipereke ndalama zopangira katemera amene sayambitsa vuto la makhalidwe abwino kwa anthu ambiri a ku Canada,” analemba motero Archbishop wa Winnipeg Richard Gagnon, pulezidenti wa Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, ndi magulu ena 17 oletsa kuchotsa mimba. ndi anthu omwe adalemba kalata ya Meyi 21 kwa Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. "Kupanga katemera wogwiritsa ntchito ma cell oipitsidwa ngati amenewa kukuwonetsa kusalemekeza kwambiri ulemu wa munthu."

FDA ndi akuluakulu a White House sanayankhe maimelo opempha ndemanga pa kalata yopita kwa Hahn. Ku Canada, unduna wa zaumoyo walonjeza kuyankha kalata yopita kwa Trudeau, atero a Moira McQueen, wamkulu wa Canadian Catholic Bioethics Institute komanso wosayina kalatayo.

Maselo otengedwa kuchokera ku kuchotsa mimba mwachisawawa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1960 kupanga katemera, kuphatikizapo katemera wamakono wa rubella, nkhuku, hepatitis A, ndi shingles. Agwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mankhwala ovomerezeka motsutsana ndi matenda monga hemophilia, nyamakazi ya nyamakazi, ndi cystic fibrosis. Tsopano, magulu ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi akuyesetsa kupanga katemera opitilira 130 olimbana ndi COVID-19, malinga ndi World Health Organisation; 10 adalowa m'mayesero aumunthu kuyambira pa 2 June.

Osachepera asanu mwa katemera wa COVID-19 amagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa mizere iwiri ya fetal cell: HEK-293, chingwe cha impso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza ndi m'makampani omwe amachokera kwa mwana wosabadwayo cha m'ma 1972; ndi PER.C6, mzere wa cell wa eni ake a Janssen, wothandizidwa ndi Johnson & Johnson, wopangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a retina kuchokera kwa mwana wosabadwayo wa masabata 18 wochotsedwa mu 1985. Eb ku Leiden University. Awiri mwa akatemera asanu alowa m'mayesero a anthu (onani tebulo pansipa).

Mu makatemera anayi, ma cell a fetal amunthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "mafakitole" ang'onoang'ono kuti apange ma adenovirus ambiri, olumala kuti athe kubwereza, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magalimoto onyamula majini kuchokera ku buku la coronavirus lomwe limayambitsa COVID-19. Ma adenoviruses akaperekedwa ngati katemera, maselo a olandira amayamba kupanga mapuloteni kuchokera ku coronavirus, mwachiyembekezo zomwe zimayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi.

Katemera wachisanu, yemwe wasonyeza kulonjeza kwa anyani ndipo akupita kukayezetsa anthu chilimwechi, ndi amene amadziwika kuti katemera wa protein subunit. Ofufuza ku Yunivesite ya Pittsburgh amagwiritsa ntchito ma cell a HEK-293 kupanga mapuloteni a coronavirus - gawo lofunikira pamapangidwe ake - omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Katemera amaperekedwa kudzera pakhungu lokhala ndi singano 400.

Mizere ya cell ya fetal ndiyofunikira kwambiri popanga mitundu yonse iwiri ya katemera. “HEK-293 [maselo] ndi ofunikira popanga katemera wa gulu la mapuloteni,” akutero Andrea Gambotto, wasayansi wa katemera wa pa yunivesite ya Pittsburgh School of Medicine komanso woyambitsa katemerayu. Chiyambi chawo chaumunthu n’chofunika, iye akutero: “Maselo a nyama [osakhala anthu] otukulidwa angapange mapuloteni ofanana, koma angakongoletsedwe ndi mamolekyu a shuga osiyanasiyana, amene—ngati katemera—amakhala paupandu wolephera kutulutsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu. kuyankha mwachindunji kwa chitetezo chamthupi. ” (Pakati mwa opanga katemera asanu, Gambotto yekha ndi amene adayankha pempho loti apereke ndemanga.)

David Prentice, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti komanso wotsogolera kafukufuku ku Charlotte Lozier Institute, yemwe amatsutsa kuchotsa mimba, akuti ofufuza omwe amapanga katemera wa adenovirus asintha ma cell a HEK-293 kuti akhale aluso pakulongedza majini atsopano - monga omwe amatsogolera ma cell kuti asonkhanitse mapuloteni a coronavirus - matenda adenoviruses. Koma akuwonjezera kuti matekinoloje ena alipo, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito maselo otengedwa kuchokera ku amniocentesis omwe amapangidwa kuti apange ma adenovirus osowa kubwereza.

"Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa maselo ochokera kwa ana omwe achotsedwa mwasankha kupanga katemera kumapangitsa kuti mapulogalamu asanu a katemera wa COVID-19 akhale opanda chilungamo, chifukwa amadyera masuku pamutu anthu osalakwa omwe adachotsedwa," Prentice ndi wolemba mnzake - katswiri wa sayansi yazachilengedwe James Sherley, mnzake wa Lozier Institute. Katswiri komanso wotsogolera wamkulu wamakampani akuluakulu amtundu wa Asymmetrex - adalemba papepala lomwe linasindikizidwa mwezi watha.

Koma Arthur Caplan, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamankhwala pa New York University School of Medicine, akuyankha kuti: “Pali njira zabwinoko zopambanira nkhondo zochotsa mimba kuposa kuuza anthu kuti asagwiritse ntchito katemera. Izi ndi zochotsa mimba kwa nthawi yayitali. Maselo amenewa ali ndi zaka makumi ambiri, ndipo ngakhale atsogoleri akuluakulu achipembedzo monga papa avomereza kuti kaamba ka ubwino waukulu sikuli koyenera kuikitsa chitaganya pangozi.”

Bungwe la Pontifical Academy for Life la ku Vatican linanena m’chaka cha 2005 ndipo mu 2017 linatsimikiziranso kuti ngati palibe njira zina, Akatolika adzalandira chikumbumtima chabwino, kulandira katemera wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yakale ya maselo a m’mimba mwa munthu.

Katemera wopangidwa ndi kampani yaku China CanSino Biologics anali katemera woyamba wa COVID-19 kulowa mugawo lachiwiri la mayesero aumunthu. Adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma cell a HEK-293 omwe kampaniyo idapereka chilolezo kuchokera ku NRC yaku Canada, komwe ma cell adapangidwa. (Maselo a HEK-293 opangidwa ndi NRC agwiritsidwa ntchito kale kupanga katemera wovomerezeka wa Ebola.) Mwezi watha, NRC inalengeza mgwirizano ndi CanSino Biologics yomwe ikukonzekera kuyesa mayesero achipatala ochedwa katemera ku Canada, ndi kukula. onjezerani malo opangira katemera wambiri.

Katemera awiri omwe amathandizidwa ndi US omwe adadzudzula magulu oletsa kuchotsa mimba ali pamndandanda wa anthu omwe akufuna kuti alandire thandizo lazachuma ndi zinthu kuchokera ku boma la US pansi pa White House's Operation Warp Speed, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa osachepera. katemera m'modzi wa COVID-19 pofika Januware 2021, malinga ndi lipoti la 3 June mu The New York Times.

Mmodzi mwa osankhidwa a Warp Speed, opangidwa ndi Janssen Research & Development, amagwiritsa ntchito maselo a PER.C6. Wachiwiri, wochokera ku University of Oxford ofufuza ndi AstraZeneca, amagwiritsa ntchito maselo a HEK-293. Onse awiri alandira zomwe boma la US likuchita, motsatana, $456 miliyoni ndi $1.2 biliyoni, ngati akwaniritsa zofunikira, kudzera mu Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority (BARDA).

Katemera wina yemwe amadalira HEK-293, akupangidwa ndi makampani awiri omwe ali ndi mabiliyoniya wasayansi ndi wabizinesi Patrick Soon-Shiong, adapanga kale, Warp Speed ​​mndandanda wautali wa anthu 14 omwe akufuna, malinga ndi kutulutsidwa kwa atolankhani kuchokera kumakampani, NantKwest. .

Prentice anati: “Pamene akusankha—a BARDA ndi a Warp Speed—a katemera woti apite patsogolo, ayenera kuzindikira kuti pali mbali ina ya anthu amene angafune katemera wina amene angam’tenge mwa chikumbumtima chabwino.”

Caplan akutsutsa. "Mukanena kuti boma lisapereke ndalama zomwe anthu ochepa amatsutsa, mudzakhala ndi mndandanda wautali wazinthu zomwe boma silingalandire ndalama, kuyambira kafukufuku wokhudza zida zankhondo mpaka kafukufuku woletsa kulera. .”

Ulamuliro wa a Trump waletsa kugwiritsa ntchito minofu ya mwana wosabadwayo pakuchotsa mimba kosankha pakufufuza zamankhwala. Chaka chimodzi chapitacho, idatenga ndondomeko yomwe imaletsa ofufuza a National Institutes of Health (NIH) kuti asagwiritse ntchito minofu ya fetal kuchokera ku kuchotsa mimba kosankhidwa m'maphunziro awo. Ndipo idaperekanso kuwunikiranso kwa asayansi omwe si a NIH omwe akufuna ndalama zabungwe kuti achite kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito minofu yotere. Koma ndondomekoyi sinalepheretse gulu lirilonse kugwiritsa ntchito mizere ya maselo a fetus monga HEK-293 ndi PER.C6.

Momwe katemera wa mRNA wochokera ku Pfizer ndi Moderna amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake ndi opambana komanso chifukwa chake amayenera kusungidwa ozizira kwambiri

Novembala 18, 2020 8.19 am EST
Author
Sanjay Mishra Project Coordinator & Staff Scientist, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University
Ndemanga yolengeza
Sanjay Mishra amalandira ndalama (P30 CA068485) kuchokera ku National Institute of Health kudzera mwa abwana ake.
abwenzi

Vanderbilt University imapereka ndalama ngati mnzake woyambitsa The Conversation US.

Pamene nyengo ikuzizira, chiwerengero cha matenda a COVID-19 chikukwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chotopa ndi mliri, zovuta zachuma komanso kusamvana pazandale, akuluakulu azaumoyo ayesetsa kuthana ndi mliri womwe ukukula. Koma tsopano, kuwunika kwakanthawi kochepa kuchokera kumakampani opanga mankhwala Modernaand Pfizer/BioNTech kwalimbikitsa chiyembekezo chakuti mtundu watsopano wa katemera wopangidwa kuchokera ku messenger RNA, wotchedwa mRNA, ukhoza kupereka chitetezo chochuluka popewa COVID-19 pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi katemera.

Ngakhale sanasindikizidwe, malipoti oyambirirawa aposa ziyembekezo za akatswiri ambiri a katemera, kuphatikizapo anga. Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, ndinagwira ntchito yopanga katemera wa Zika ndi dengue. Tsopano ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito zapadziko lonse zosonkhanitsa malipoti okhudza odwala achikulire omwe ali ndi khansa yaposachedwa kapena yam'mbuyomu omwe adapezekanso ndi COVID-19.

Kulonjeza zotsatira zoyambirira

Moderna adanenanso kuti pakufufuza kwa gawo 3 la katemera wa mRNA-1273, yemwe adalembetsa nawo akuluakulu 30,000 aku US, milandu isanu yokha mwa 95 ya COVID-19 idachitika pakati pa omwe adalandira katemera, pomwe matenda 90 adadziwika mgulu la placebo. Izi zikufanana ndi mphamvu ya 94.5%. Palibe odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo omwe adalandira katemerayu adakhala ndi COVID-19, pomwe 11 (12%) mwa omwe adalandira placebo adachita.

Mofananamo, katemera wa Pfizer-BioNTech, BNT162b2, anali wothandiza 90% popewa matenda panthawi ya mayesero achipatala a gawo 3, omwe adalembetsa otenga nawo mbali 43,538, ndi 30% ku US ndi 42% kunja.

Kodi katemera wa mRNA amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Katemera amaphunzitsa chitetezo chamthupi kuzindikira mbali yomwe imayambitsa matenda. Katemera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma virus ofooka kapena mapuloteni oyeretsedwa a kachilomboka.

Koma katemera wa mRNA ndi wosiyana, chifukwa m'malo mokhala ndi puloteni yopangidwa ndi tizilombo, munthu amalandira chibadwa - mRNA - yomwe imalowetsa mapuloteni a tizilombo. Pamene malangizo a majiniwa akubayidwa kumtunda kwa mkono, maselo a minofu amawamasulira kuti apange mapuloteni a tizilombo mwachindunji m'thupi.

Njira iyi imatsanzira zomwe SARS-CoV-2 imachita m'chilengedwe - koma katemera wa mRNA amangotengera gawo lofunikira la mapuloteni a virus. Izi zimapereka chitetezo chamthupi chithunzithunzi cha momwe kachilomboka kameneka kamawonekera popanda kuyambitsa matenda. Kuwoneratu kumeneku kumapatsa chitetezo chamthupi nthawi yopangira ma antibodies amphamvu omwe amatha kuletsa kachilomboka ngati munthuyo ali ndi kachilomboka.

Ngakhale kuti mRNA yopangidwa ndi chibadwa ichi, sichingapatsidwe ku mbadwo wotsatira. Pambuyo pa jekeseni wa mRNA, molekyuyi imatsogolera kupanga mapuloteni mkati mwa maselo a minofu, omwe amafika pamtunda wa maola 24 mpaka 48 ndipo akhoza kukhala kwa masiku angapo.

Chifukwa chiyani kupanga katemera wa mRNA kuli mwachangu chonchi?

Kukula kwa katemera wachikhalidwe, ngakhale kuphunziridwa bwino, kumatenga nthawi kwambiri ndipo sikungayankhe nthawi yomweyo motsutsana ndi miliri yatsopano monga COVID-19.

Mwachitsanzo, pa chimfine cha nyengo, zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene kachilombo ka chimfine kakufalikira kuti apange katemera. Katemera wa katemera wa chimfine amakula kwa milungu itatu kuti apange kachilombo ka haibridi, komwe kamakhala koopsa komanso kotha kukula m'mazira a nkhuku. Kachilombo ka haibridi kameneka kamabayidwa m’mazira ambiri odzala ndi ubwamuna ndipo amawaika kwa masiku angapo kuti apange makope ambiri. Kenako madzi okhala ndi kachilomboka amachotsedwa m'mazira, ma virus a katemera amaphedwa, ndipo ma virus amayeretsedwa kwa masiku angapo.

Katemera wa mRNA amatha kudumpha zovuta zopanga katemera wachikhalidwe monga kupanga ma virus osapatsirana, kapena kupanga ma virus omwe amafunikira kuyeretsa.

Katemera wa MRNA amachotsa njira zambiri zopangira chifukwa m'malo mokhala ndi mapuloteni obwera chifukwa cha ma virus, thupi la munthu limagwiritsa ntchito malangizowo kuti lipange ma virus okha.

Komanso, mamolekyu a mRNA ndi osavuta kwambiri kuposa mapuloteni. Kwa katemera, mRNA imapangidwa ndi mankhwala osati biosynthesis, kotero ndi yachangu kuposa katemera wamba kuti apangidwenso, kuchulukitsidwa ndi kupangidwa mochuluka.

M'malo mwake, m'masiku ochepa chabe chibadwa cha kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 chikupezeka, nambala ya mRNA yoyesa katemera inali itakonzeka. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndichakuti zida za katemera wa mRNA zikayamba kugwira ntchito, mRNA imatha kukonzedwa mwachangu ndi miliri ina yamtsogolo.

Mavuto ndi mRNA ndi chiyani?

Tekinoloje ya MRNA si yachilendo. Zinawonetsedwa kanthawi kochepa kuti mRNA yopangira ikabayidwa munyama, maselo amatha kupanga mapuloteni omwe amafunidwa. Koma kupita patsogolo kunakhalabe kwapang’onopang’ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti mRNA singodziwika kuti ndi yosakhazikika komanso yosavuta kutsika m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono, imawonongekanso mosavuta ndi chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kufikitsa ku cholingacho kukhala kosakwanira.

Koma kuyambira mu 2005, ofufuza adapeza momwe angakhazikitsire mRNA ndikuyika tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuti tipereke ngati katemera. Katemera wa mRNA COVID-19 akuyembekezeka kukhala woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu kuvomerezedwa ndi FDA.

Pambuyo pazaka khumi zantchito, katemera wa mRNA tsopano ali okonzeka kuunika. Madokotala adzakhala akuyang'anitsitsa machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi omwe sangayembekezere, omwe angakhale othandiza komanso owononga.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusunga mRNA supercold?

Vuto lofunika kwambiri pakupanga katemera wa mRNA ndi kusakhazikika kwake, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatha kupatukana kuposa kuzizira.

Kusinthidwa kwa midadada yomangira ya mRNA ndikukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuzimitsa bwino kwathandiza ofuna katemera wa mRNA. Koma katemera watsopanoyu amafunikirabe mikhalidwe yoziziritsapo yomwe sinachitikepo kuti igawidwe ndi kuyendetsedwa.

Kodi zofunika za firiji ndi ziti?

Katemera wa Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA adzafunika kusungidwa bwino paminus 94 degrees Fahrenheit ndipo adzawonongeka pakadutsa masiku asanu m'firiji yotentha kwambiri kuposa kuzizira pang'ono.

[Pezani zowona za coronavirus ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa. Lowani ku kalata yamakalata ya The Conversation.]

Mosiyana ndi izi, Moderna akuti katemera wake amatha kusungidwa m'nyumba zambiri kapena mufiriji kutentha kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti atumize komanso kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Moderna akutinso katemera wake amatha kukhala wokhazikika m'firiji, 36 mpaka 46 madigiri Fahrenheit, mpaka masiku 30 atasungunuka, mkati mwa alumali wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Nzosadabwitsa kuti Pfizer ikupanganso zotengera zotumizira pogwiritsa ntchito ayezi wouma kuti athane ndi zovuta zotumizira.

Kodi katemera wa coronavirus amapangidwa kuchokera ku ma cell a fetal?

Ndi Catholic News Agency
Zatumizidwa: 7 / 31 / 2020

Mayi akuyerekeza botolo laling'ono lotchedwa "Vaccine COVID-19" pachithunzichi pa Epulo 10, 2020. Chithunzi cha CNS/Dado Ruvic, Reuters

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Washington, DC (CNA) - Pamene ma prototypes a katemera wa coronavirus akuyandikira kuyesedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa, Akatolika ena akukangana za zomwe zimatsogolera yemwe akufuna katemera.

Purezidenti Donald Trump adalengeza Julayi 27 kuti katemera wa mRNA-1273, wopangidwa ndi kampani ya biotechnology Moderna ndi National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), walowa gawo lachitatu la mayeso azachipatala. Katemerayu ayesedwa posachedwa ngati ali otetezeka, ndikutsimikizira kuti atha kuteteza COVID-3 m'milingo iwiri.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, mkulu wa NIAID ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo ku White House, adanena Lolemba kuti katemera "akufunika mwachangu" kuti "athetse mliriwu," koma wachenjezanso masiku aposachedwa kuti, ngakhale akupita patsogolo mwachangu, katemera sangakhale. kupezeka kwambiri mpaka miyezi ingapo mpaka 2021.

Boma la Trump likupereka ndalama kwa ofuna katemera ngati gawo la "Operation Warp Speed," ndikupanga ndalama kwa ofuna katemera kuchokera ku Novavax, Moderna, AstraZeneca, ndi Janssen. Ikuyikanso ndalama zokwana $1.95 biliyoni ndi Pfizer kuti zithandizire kubweretsa Mlingo wa 100 miliyoni katemera atapangidwa.

Fauci adati pa Julayi 27 kuti kuyezetsa koyambirira kwa katemera wa Moderna kukuwonetsa kuti ndi "otetezeka komanso chitetezo chamthupi."

Ngakhale kufunikira kwa katemera kuli kofunika, mafunso adadzutsidwa ndi ena olimbikitsa moyo wokhudzana ndi munthu wa Moderna, komanso kakulidwe kake kakhalidwe - makamaka, ngati adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha cell cha fetal chotengedwa kuchokera kwa khanda lochotsedwa.

Bungwe la Charlotte Lozier Institute, bungwe lofufuza za pro-life Susan B. Anthony List, lalemba katemera wa Moderna pakati pa "mapulogalamu a katemera wa CoV-19 osatsutsana," komanso ntchito zachitukuko zochokera ku Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi ndi Translate Bio, Pfizer ndi BioNTech, Novavax, ndi Merck/IAVI.

Malinga ndi CLI, osankhidwa awiri a katemera adapangidwa ndi mapulogalamu osavomerezeka - omwe akupangidwa ndi University of Oxford ndi Astrazeneca, ndi Johnson ndi Johnson ndi Janssen Res. ndi Devel., Inc.

Pafunso lolunjika ngati katemera wa Moderna akupangidwa kuchokera ku ma cell ochotsa mimba mwasankha, Dr. John Brehany, director of the institutional relationships ku National Catholic Bioethics Center, adati "zikuwoneka kuti yankho ndi ayi."

Katemera amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wofooka wa matenda, omwe amakula m'mizere ya maselo a labotale, kuti athe kuyika munthu ku matendawa. Ndi katemera wamba, monga amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi nkhuku ndi chikuku, mumps, ndi rubella (MMR), mizere ya maselo a makanda omwe anachotsedwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa matenda ofooka.

Izi ndizomwe zilinso ndi katemera wa coronavirus omwe akukula, monga omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi University of Oxford ndi Astrazeneca, omwe amadalira mizere ya cell ya HEK-239 kuchokera kwa mwana wochotsedwa ku Netherlands m'ma 1970. Pulogalamuyi ikuthandizidwanso ndi "Operation Warp Speed" ya a Trump.

Koma katemera wa Moderna amagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi katemera ambiri. Njira yake yoperekera innoculation "sikutengera kugwiritsa ntchito maselo konse popanga," adatero Brehany.

Katemera wa Moderna amadalira puloteni yochokera ku SARS-CoV-2 kuti ipangitse ma antibodies mwa wolandira, m'malo mwa mtundu wofooka wa matendawa.

Mayendedwe a jini a protein ya spike adatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yopangira katemera.

Asayansi omwe si aModerna poyambirira adapanga ma vector a DNA motsatana ndi puloteni ya spike, ndikuwabaya m'maselo a HEK-293 kuti apange puloteni ya spike. Ntchitoyi idaphunziridwa ndikuwunikidwa ndi akatswiri a NIAID ndi University of Texas, omwe adatsimikiza kuti puloteni wa spike anali woyenera kuyezetsa. Moderna sanatenge nawo gawo pakumanga kwa DNA komanso sanatenge nawo gawo pakuwunika ntchitoyo.

Chifukwa chake, Brehany adati, ngakhale kampaniyo imalumikizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma cell kuchokera pakuchotsa mimba kosankhidwa, ilibe udindo wogwiritsa ntchito izi, ndipo katemera wake sanapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito ma cell a HEK-293.

Chikalata cha 2005 chochokera ku Pontifical Academy for Life chinafotokoza za makhalidwe abwino okhudzana ndi katemera wokonzedwa m'maselo ochokera ku ana obadwa m'mimba. Gulu la Vatican linanena kuti zingakhale zololeka komanso kuti Akatolika agwiritse ntchito katemerayu.

"Nthawi zambiri, madotolo kapena makolo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito katemerayu kwa ana awo, ngakhale akudziwa komwe adachokera (kuchotsa mimba mwakufuna kwawo), amakhala ndi mgwirizano wapakatikati," adatero pontifical academy.

“Udindo wopewera mgwirizano wakuthupi siwokakamiza ngati pali vuto lalikulu. Komanso, timapeza, pazifukwa zotere, chifukwa chofanana, kuti tivomereze kugwiritsa ntchito katemerayu pamaso pa chiopsezo chokomera kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa katemera wa ana, "adatero. .

Pontifical academy inanenanso kuti Akatolika ali ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito katemera wokhazikika ngati alipo, ndipo ali ndi udindo wolankhula ndikupempha kupangidwa kwa ma cell atsopano omwe sanachokere kwa ana obadwa kumene.

Chikalata cha Mpingo wa Chiphunzitso cha Chikhulupiriro cha 2008 Dignitatis personae chinadzudzula kwambiri kafukufuku wa minyewa ya mwana wosabadwayo. Bungwe la CDF linanena kuti ochita kafukufuku ayenera “kukana” nkhaniyo ngakhale “palibe kugwirizana kwenikweni” ndi “zochita za anthu amene anabereketsa ubwamuna kapena kuchotsa mimba.”

"Ntchitoyi imachokera ku kufunikira kodzichotsa, mkati mwa kafukufuku wake, pamilandu yopanda chilungamo komanso kutsimikizira momveka bwino kufunika kwa moyo wa munthu," CDF idatero.

Ponena za katemera wamba, onga ngati aja a chikuku ndi chikuku, mphuno, ndi rubella (MMR), amene angakhale otengedwa m’maselo a makanda otayidwa, Vatican yanena kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi makolo pa “zifukwa zazikulu” monga ngozi. ku thanzi la ana awo.

Funso lina labwino lomwe lili pamtima pakupanga katemera wa COVID-19 ndi liwiro lomwe zikuchitika.

Kukula kwachangu kumapangitsa kukhala kofunika kwambiri kuti akatswiri azachipatala aunikenso katemerayu, atero Purezidenti wa NCBC a Joseph Meaney m'mawu a Julayi 24.

"Akatswiri abwino a bioethicists amakhala osamala nthawi zonse kafukufuku wasayansi akamapita patsogolo, ndipo makamaka ngati zotsatira zake pa anthu zitha kukhala zazikulu," adatero.

Brehany anabwereza mfundo imeneyi, kuuza CNA kuti katemera ayenera kupangidwa ndi kugawidwa ndi chilolezo chodziwitsidwa kwa onse olandira za zoopsa zomwe zingatheke, popanda kuyesa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo makamaka osauka.

Pa Epulo 17, mabishopu otsogola aku US adalemba a Stephen Hahn, Commissioner wa Food and Drug Administration (FDA), kufunsa kuti katemera wa COVID-19 apangidwe mwachilungamo.

"Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu aku America apeze katemera yemwe amapangidwa mwachilungamo: palibe waku America yemwe ayenera kukakamizidwa kusankha pakati pa katemera wa kachilomboka komanso kuphwanya chikumbumtima chake," mabishopu adalemba.

Kalatayo idasainidwa anali apampando a mabishopu a Katolika ku United States okhudza nkhani zolimbikitsa moyo, chiphunzitso, chilungamo chapakhomo, komanso komiti yaying'ono yokhudza zaumoyo. Atsogoleri a magulu ochirikiza moyo ndi zamoyo, kuphatikiza National Catholic Bioethics Center, Catholic Medical Association, ndi American College of Pediatricians, nawonso adasaina kalatayo.

Brehany ananena kuti katemera wotengedwa m’maselo a makanda otayidwa ndi “nkhani yofunika kwambiri ya moyo” imene Akristu ndi ochirikiza moyo “ayenera kuiwona mopepuka.”

"Ino ndi nthawi yoti tilimbikitse njira zina," adatero za katemera wa COVID-19 wapano komanso magwero abwino a katemera.

Pafupifupi anthu 30,000 omwe alibe COVID-3 adzalembetsa muyeso XNUMX ya katemera wa Moderna. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idzawunikiranso zotsatira zoyesa.

Kuphatikiza pa osankhidwa a Moderna, a Trump adatinso ena anayi omwe akufuna katemera "akuyembekezeka kulowa m'mayesero omaliza m'masabata akubwerawa."

Abale ndadutsapo njira imeneyi kuti ndipeze chowonadi. OSATI kufalitsa zabodza kapena kufalitsa choonadi chochepa. Mabungwe a ndege posachedwapa adzakufunsani kuti mukhale ndi umboni woti mwalandira katemera kuti muwuluke nawo. Muyenera tsopano kupanga chisankho kwa inu ndi banja lanu ndipo musadandaule ngati mukuchimwa kapena ayi.